英语倒装句
[font=宋体] [/font][p=30, 2, left]英语句子使用的目的，可分为四大类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。这四大类型句子都有可能出现倒装句。倒装句分为全倒装和部分倒装两种类型。浅析如下：[/p][p=30, 2, left][b]一、疑问句中出现的倒装句[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]1．特殊疑问句中[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]（1） What is this?（全倒装）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（2） Which do you want?（部分倒装）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（3） When did you get up yesterday?[/p][p=30, 2, left][b]2. 一般疑问句[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]（1）Do you study English every day?（部分倒装）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（2）May I come in?[/p][p=30, 2, left]（3）Are you going to be a teacher?[/p][p=30, 2, left]特殊疑问句中，如果疑问词做主语或疑问词修饰主语时，句子不用倒装，即用陈述语序。例如：Who did it yesterday? Which comrade can do this work?[/p][p=30, 2, left]一般疑问句中，常把助动词或情态动词放在句首，即位于主语前，而构成部分倒装。[/p][p=30, 2, left][b]二、感叹句中出现倒装句[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]1．What 引导的感叹句[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]（1） What a happy life we have had！(宾语在主语前面)[/p][p=30, 2, left]（2） What a fine day it is!（表语在主语前面）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（3） What a shining example Comrade Lei Feng has set us![/p][p=30, 2, left][b]2．How 引导的感叹句[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]（1）How happy we are!（表语在前面）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（2）How hard they are working!（状语在前面）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（3）How nice a day it is![/p][p=30, 2, left][b]3．副词引导词引导的感叹句[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]（1）There comes the bus![/p][p=30, 2, left]（2）In come the students![/p][p=30, 2, left]（3）Off goes the worker![/p][p=30, 2, left]What 或 how 引导的句子，主谓也有不倒装的。[/p][p=30, 2, left]What 所强调的重点是名词，这一名词一般是表语或宾语，有时所强调的名词可能是主语。例如：What enormous crowd came! （《当代英语语法》中册 P87）。What 也可单独使用。例句：What she suffered in the old days!（《英语分类句型》 P90）[/p][p=30, 2, left]How 修饰形容词、副词或动词。有时 how many 的搭配也可修饰名词。For how many years have I waited! 该短语作状语。（《当代英语语法》）[/p][p=30, 2, left]副词引导词位于句首，一方面为了强调，另一方面使情景生动。主语是名词时，主谓倒装；如果主语是人称代词，主谓不倒装。例如：Away he went to the station![/p][p=30, 2, left][b]三、祈使句中出现的倒装[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]（1）Long live the king!（《最新实用英汉辞典》P769）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（2）Long live the People's Republic of China![/p][p=30, 2, left]（3）May you succeed! 祝你成功！Long may he live! 愿他长命百岁！（《英华大辞典》 P780）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（4）Don't you open the door. Don't anyone open the door.（《当代英语语法》中册 P85）[/p][p=30, 2, left]祈使句一般无主语，有时也有主语出现。祈使句的主语要重读，代词也要重读（陈述句的主语一般不重读）。祈使句常用句号。表示一种强烈感情时，句子用感叹号。[/p][p=30, 2, left][b]四、陈述句中出现的几种倒装句[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]1. 主谓倒装[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]（1）Long,long ago there was a war between the birds and the beasts.[/p][p=30, 2, left]（2）Once upon a time there were six blind men in India .[/p][p=30, 2, left]（3）“Come along ,then.”said the bird.[/p][p=30, 2, left]（4）... but toward the end there came the terrible storm...[/p][p=30, 2, left][b]2．表语倒装[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]（1）Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achievments（全倒装句）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（2）Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of kings and queens.[/p][p=30, 2, left]（3）A very reliable person he is.（主语是人称代词时，主谓不倒装）（《英语分类句型》 P400）[/p][p=30, 2, left][b]3．宾语倒装[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]（1）Many happy hours she had spent planning for something nice for him.[/p][p=30, 2, left]（2）Twenty-one dollars they took for it.[/p][p=30, 2, left]（3）Not a single mistake did he make.[/p][p=30, 2, left]（4）Only a dictionary he never forgets to bring here.[/p][p=30, 2, left]宾语在前时，多数属于强调部分，句子一般不加助动词，偶尔也有助动词出现，如例句（3）。[/p][p=30, 2, left][b]4．复合句中的倒装[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]（1）I take back what I said .[/p][p=30, 2, left]（2）...and the ship would have sunk with all board had it not been for the captain. 要是没有那位船长，就会连船带人都沉没了。[/p][p=30, 2, left]（3）Were I you，I would go with him.[/p][p=30, 2, left]（4）Proud as these nobles are，he is afraid to see me.[/p][p=30, 2, left]（5）Not only was everything that he had taken away from him，but also his German citizenship.[/p][p=30, 2, left]（6）Hardly (Scarcely)had he sat down when the telephone rang.[/p][p=30, 2, left]（7）The harder you work, the greater will be your achievement.[/p][p=30, 2, left][b]5．其他倒装[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left]陈述句中为了保持句子平衡或为了强调表语、宾语、状语等成分，或使上下文紧密衔接时，使用倒装句。[/p][p=30, 2, left]（1）On the wall is a blackboard on which were written some words，“It is no use sitting here without listening to me.”（定语从句中，主语的同位语太长）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（2）They entered the classroom，in front of which sat a naughty boy.（使上下文紧密衔接）[/p][p=30, 2, left]（3）Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people were looked down upon by the foreigners.（主语加上定语后太长而表语短，所以表语在前面，强调句子平衡）[/p] [b]回复 [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=248050&ptid=114506]1#[/url] [i]小雅儿[/i] [/b]:qq82] it is useful to review this knowledge point. [b]回复 [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=248050&ptid=114506]1#[/url] [i]小雅儿[/i] [/b]
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