英语听力论坛's Archiver

Sanmal 发表于 2011-3-11 08:14

冠词 the 用法

[p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b]冠词的用法详解[/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]

[size=12pt]  冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。 [/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]
[size=12pt][/size] [/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b]1 不定冠词的用法[/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]

[size=12pt]  不定冠词a(an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,而an则用于元音音素前。[/size]
[size=12pt]  1)表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物。[/size]
[size=12pt]  a boy an apple [/size]
[size=12pt]  2)代表一类人或物。[/size]
[size=12pt]  A knife is a tool for cutting with. [/size]
[size=12pt]  Mr. Smith is an engineer. [/size]
[size=12pt]  3)词组或成语。[/size]
[size=12pt]  a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden[/size]
[size=12pt]  [/size]
[size=12pt][b]2 定冠词的用法[/b][/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  1)特指双方都明白的人或物:[/size]
[size=12pt]  Take the medicine. 把药吃了。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  2)上文提到过的人或事: [/size]
[size=12pt]  He bought a house. I've been to the house. [/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。[/size]
[size=12pt]  3)指世上独一物二的事物:[/size]
[size=12pt]  the sun,the sky,the moon,the earth [/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元; the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:[/size]
[size=12pt]  Where do you live?I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。[/size]
[size=12pt]  That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:[/size]
[size=12pt]  They are the teachers of this school.(指全体教师)[/size]
[size=12pt]  They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:[/size]
[size=12pt]  She caught me by the arm. . 她抓住了我的手臂。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:[/size]
[size=12pt]  the People's Republic of China中华人民共和国[/size]
[size=12pt]  the United States美国[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人: [/size]
[size=12pt]  the Greens格林一家人(或格林夫妇)[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  11)用在惯用语中:[/size]
[size=12pt]  in the day,in the morning(afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow[/size]
[size=12pt]  the day before yesterday,the next morning,[/size]
[size=12pt]  in the sky(water,field,country)[/size]
[size=12pt]  in the dark,in the rain,in the distance,[/size]
[size=12pt]  in the middle(of),in the end,[/size]
[size=12pt]  on the whole,by the way,go to the theatre[/size]
[size=12pt]  [/size]
[size=12pt][b]3 零冠词的用法[/b][/size]
[size=12pt]  1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;[/size]
[size=12pt]  They are teachers. 他们是教师。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;[/size]
[size=12pt]  Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;[/size]
[size=12pt]  Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;[/size]
[size=12pt]  We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;[/size]
[size=12pt]  The guards took the American to General Lee. [/size]
[size=12pt]  士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词 如:have breakfast,play chess [/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;[/size]
[size=12pt]  I can't write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by train; [/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  10)有些个体名词不用冠词;如:[/size]
[size=12pt]  school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;[/size]
[size=12pt]  go to hospital去医院看病[/size]
[size=12pt]  go to the hospital去医院(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)[/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]

[size=12pt]  11)不用冠词的序数词;[/size]
[size=12pt]  a. 序数词前有物主代词 [/size]
[size=12pt]  b. 序数词作副词He came first in the race. [/size]
[size=12pt]  c. 在固定词组中at(the)first,first of all,from first to last[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt][b]4 冠词位置[/b][/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  [u]1)不定冠词位置[/u][/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前。注意:[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  a. 位于下列形容词之后: such,what,many,half,[/size]
[size=12pt]  I have never seen such an animal. [/size]
[size=12pt]  Many a man is fit for the job. [/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  b. 当名词前的形容词被副词as,so,too,how,however,enough修饰时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后:[/size]
[size=12pt]  It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent. [/size]
[size=12pt]  So short a time. [/size]
[size=12pt]  Too long a distance. [/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  c. quite,rather与单数名词连用,冠词放在其后。[/size]
[size=12pt]  但当rather,quite 前仍有形容词,不定冠词放其前后均可。如:quite a lot [/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]

[size=12pt]  d. 在as,though 引导的让步状语从句中,当标语为形容词修饰的名词时,不定冠词放形容词后: [/size]
[size=12pt]  Brave a man though he is,he trembles at the sight of snakes. 他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。[/size]
[size=12pt]  当名词被比较级形容词修饰时,不定冠词通常置于比较级形容词之后。[/size][/p]
[size=12pt][p=30, 2, left]
[/size][size=12pt]  [u]2)定冠词位置[/u][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]

[size=12pt]  定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前,但放在all,both,double,half,twice,three times等词之后,名词之前。[/size]
[size=12pt]  All the students in the class went out. 班里的所有学生都出去了。[/size][size=12pt][/size][/p]

xiaomeixin 发表于 2011-3-11 08:52

Though this is very simple in learning English,it's very important and useful.

Sanmal 发表于 2011-3-11 08:54

[b]回复 [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=329357&ptid=157493]2#[/url] [i]xiaomeixin[/i] [/b]


    I think so

IamQiushi 发表于 2011-3-11 20:57

Thanks for ur sharing!

leenyao 发表于 2011-3-11 23:55

so useful

页: [1]

Powered by Discuz! Archiver 7.2  © 2001-2009 Comsenz Inc.