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leenyao 发表于 2011-3-11 21:05

同位语从句

[size=3]同位语部分是个句子,就是同位语从句,这种用法比较"固定",把关键的几个词背下来.
  下面这个材料供参考.
  ===========================
  一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如:
  I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
  I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里。
  二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。如:
  I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
  三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等。(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句。)如:
  l have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
  He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
  他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
  四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。 如:
  Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
  几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
  The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
  他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
  五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
  1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。如:
  The news that l have passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
  (同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。)
  The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
  (定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。)
  2、关系词在句中是否做成分 。如:
  The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
  计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。(that在从句中不充当任何成份。)
  The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
  (that在从句中作gave的宾语。)
  3、从句是否有疑问的意义。如:
  eg.Do you remember the day when i told you that i loved you?(when引导的从句不表示疑问,所以这是一个定语从句。)
  eg.I have asked the question why it was true just now.(why引导的从句表示疑问,所以这是一个同位语从句。)
  一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形
  式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
  六、典型例题
  例1:I have no idea when he will be back.
  析:he will be back意义不完整,应加“什么时候”的含义才能表达idea的全部内容,因此应用when引导同位语从句。
  例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.
  析:he went home意义不完整,应加“如何”的含义才能表达impression的全部内容,因此应用how引导同位语从句。
  例3:Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)
  A.while B.that C.when D.as
  析:答案为B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的内容,且Information不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于:
  It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.
  A.what B.that C.when D.as
  析:答案为B.that has been put forward为information的修饰性定语,且information在从句中作主语,所以该句为定语从句。
  例4:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
  A.it B.which C.this D.that
  析:答案为B.分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a terrible noise,且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于:
  I can’t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.
  A.it B.which C.this D.that
  析:答案为D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的内容,且the terrible noise不在从句中作成分,所以该句为同位语从句。[/size]

超越 发表于 2011-3-30 11:41

顶下

MichaelArthur 发表于 2011-3-30 20:40

good!

类似完美 发表于 2011-6-13 00:00

学习

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