IF 用法
[p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][i]if-[font=宋体]型省略结构在中学英语教材中经常出现,而且也是高考英语一个十分重要的考点,本文拟对其可能涉及的结构作一全面归纳。[/font][/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][i][/i][/size] [/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b]一、[font=Times New Roman]if + [/font][font=宋体]形容词[/font][/b][/size][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]这类结构通常可视为在[font=Times New Roman]if[/font][font=宋体]与形容词之间省略了“主语[/font][font=Times New Roman]+[/font][font=宋体]动词[/font][font=Times New Roman]be[/font][font=宋体]的适当形式”。[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]Send the goods now if ready.= Send the goods now if they are ready. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]货物如已备好,请即送来[/i][/size][size=10.5pt]。[font=Times New Roman]If true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.= If it is true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. [/font][/size][size=10.5pt][i]这事若是事实,它将给我们造成许多麻烦。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt][i][/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]注:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]这类省略结构中有的已构成相对固定的搭配,[font=Times New Roman]if necessary ([/font][font=宋体]如果需要[/font][font=Times New Roman])[/font][font=宋体],[/font][font=Times New Roman]if possible ([/font][font=宋体]如果可能[/font][font=Times New Roman])[/font][font=宋体]等。[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]If necessary, ring me at home. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]如果必要,可往我家里打电话。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]If possible, let me know beforehand. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]如果可能,可在事前通知我。[/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]
[size=10.5pt][/size] [/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b]二、[font=Times New Roman]if + [/font][font=宋体]过去分词[/font][/b][/size][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]其中的过去分词可视为是被省略的被动结构,即在[font=Times New Roman]if[/font][font=宋体]与形容词之间省略了主语和助动词[/font][font=Times New Roman]be[/font][font=宋体]。[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]He will come if asked.= He will come if he is asked. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]他如被邀就会来。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt]The medicine is quite effective if taken in time.=The medicine is quite effective if it is taken in time. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]这药要是能按时服用,效果是很好的。[/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]
[size=10.5pt][i][/i][/size] [/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b]三、[font=Times New Roman]if + [/font][font=宋体]代词[/font][/b][/size][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]这类省略通常要根据具体的上下文来理解。[/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]If anyone, he knows. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]如果有人知道,那就是他了。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt]There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]当今记得他的人,如有的话,也不多了。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt] He seems to have little, if anything, to do with this. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]若要说他和这事有什么相关的话,那也似乎是很少的。[/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]
[size=10.5pt][/size] [/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b]四、[font=Times New Roman]if + [/font][font=宋体]介词短语[/font][/b][/size][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]这类结构往往要根据具体的语境来理解,但有些经常搭配的惯用结构也值得注意,如[font=Times New Roman]if in doubt, if at all, if by any chance[/font][font=宋体]等。[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]If in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]你若有疑问,可以问问医生[font=Times New Roman]. [/font][font=宋体]他会向你作进一步的说明。[/font][/i][/size][size=10.5pt]Their policies have changed little, if at all, since the last election. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]自上次选举以来,他们的政策就算是有所变化,也变得很少。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt]If by any chance you can[font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]t manage dinner tonight, perhaps we can at least have a drink together. [/font][/size][size=10.5pt][i]就算你今晚不吃晚饭,也许我们至少可以一起喝一杯。[/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]
[size=10.5pt][i][/i][/size] [/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b]五、[font=Times New Roman]if + ever[/font][/b][/size][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]if ever [font=宋体]可视为习语,它通常与[/font][font=Times New Roman]seldom[/font][font=宋体]连用,表示“极少”“难得”。[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]She seldom, if ever, goes to the cinema. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]她难得看电影。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt]He seldom if ever travels abroad.[/size][size=10.5pt][i] 他到国外旅行,即使有过,也是极少的。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt][i][/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]注:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]有时[font=Times New Roman]ever[/font][font=宋体]后面还修饰有其他词语。[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]The island is seldom if ever visited by ships. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]这个岛难得有船停靠。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt][i][/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]另外,它有时还可引出一个句子。[/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]If ever you[font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]re in Cambridge, do give me a ring.[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][i] 万一你来剑桥,一定要给我打电话[/i][/size][size=10.5pt]。[/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]
[size=10.5pt][/size] [/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b]六、[font=Times New Roman]if + not[/font][/b][/size][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]if not [font=宋体]可视为一个否定的条件状语从句省略。[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it[font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]ll be Saturday. [/font][/size][size=10.5pt][i]我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天,那就在周六。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt]Ask her if it is a convenient time. If not, can she suggest another possible time? [/size][size=10.5pt][i]问问她那个时间方便不方便。要是不方便,那她可不可以提出一个可行的时间 [font=Times New Roman]? [/font][/i][/size][size=10.5pt][i][/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]注:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]有时[font=Times New Roman]not[/font][font=宋体]还可修饰另一个词语。[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]If not today, tomorrow I[font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]m sure you[/font][font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]ll get an answer. [/font][/size][size=10.5pt][i]如果今天得不到回信,明天准能得到。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt]This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]这是城里最古老的房屋之一,如果不是最古老的话。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt][b][i][/i][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]Usually, if not always, we write [font=宋体]“[/font][font=Times New Roman]cannot[/font][font=宋体]” [/font][font=Times New Roman]as one word. [/font][font=宋体]我们即使不总是如此,也通常是把[/font][font=Times New Roman]cannot[/font][font=宋体]作为一个词来拼写的。[/font][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left]
[size=10.5pt][b][i][/i][/b][/size] [/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b]七、[font=Times New Roman]if + so[/font][/b][/size][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]if so[font=宋体]的意思是“如果是那样的话”。[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]I may be free this evening. If so, I[font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]ll come round and see you. [/font][/size][size=10.5pt][i]今晚我可能有空。要是有空我会过来看你。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt]They must decide if such a plan can be implemented and if so, when. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]他必须决定这样的计划是否能实施,而且要是能实施的话,又得决定何时实施。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt][i][/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]注意以下[font=Times New Roman]if so[/font][font=宋体]与[/font][font=Times New Roman]if not[/font][font=宋体]连用的情形:[/font][/b][/size]
[size=10.5pt]He may be busy. If so, I[font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]ll call later. If not, can I see him now? [/font][font=宋体]他可能忙,如是这样,我以后再来拜访。他如不忙,我现在可以见他吗[/font][font=Times New Roman]?[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12:00? [font=宋体]您要再往一晚吗[/font][font=Times New Roman]? [/font][font=宋体]如果是这样,我们可以给您提供条件更好一点的房间。如果不是,您能在[/font][font=Times New Roman]12[/font][font=宋体]点前离开这房间吗[/font][font=Times New Roman]? [/font][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][font=Times New Roman][/font][/size][size=10.5pt][/size] [/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b]八、[font=Times New Roman]if need be [/font][font=宋体]如果需要[/font][/b][/size][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=12pt][b][/b][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]if need be[font=宋体]为习语,其含义相当于[/font][font=Times New Roman]if it is necessary ([/font][font=宋体]如果有必要的话[/font][font=Times New Roman])[/font][font=宋体]。[/font][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt][b]如:[/b][/size][size=10.5pt]I will come if need be. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]如有必要我会来。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt][i][/i][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]I[font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]ll work at night if need be. [/font][/size][size=10.5pt][i]如果有必要我可以晚上工作。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p][p=30, 2, left][size=10.5pt]If need be we can always bring another car. [/size][size=10.5pt][i]如果有必要的话我们还可以再开一辆车来。[/i][/size][size=10.5pt][/size][/p] [b]回复 [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=333155&ptid=158610]1#[/url] [i]Sanmal[/i] [/b]
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