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yunyou 发表于 2007-9-21 19:02

Marketing Abroad (1)




                        
         
        
        Marketing Abroad (1)

  

  

   

      <p> 

      <p>Exporting firms range in size from the very small exporter to the large multinational company and the methods of marketing will naturally vary according to their size and

      also according to the type of goods and the nature of the market.</p>

      <p>For the manufacturer going in for exporting for the first time, there is a lot to be said for trying to sell some of his goods in a small way without making any changes in

      his methods of production or types of product and hence not being involved in any additional capital investment. He can test the market in this simple way, but there are

      considerable dangers in this because the results of his efforts may not be a true reflection of what might be achieved by careful planning and research. He may be unlucky and

      choose a difficult market, for instance one in which, if he did but know it, his goods would sell much more readily if they were slightly modified to meet local needs or

      preferences. Some time and expense at the outset are likely to save disastrous mistakes and frustrations and also yield substantial dividends. Fortunately, there are a number

      of sources of statistics, information and guidance available to the exporter to aid him in his desk research and much of this is available for only a modest amount of

      expenditure.</p>

      <p>With the aid of this desk research the manufacturer should be able to make his first plunge into overseas trading without making a bad choice of market and other serious

      blunders. He should then be better able to make some very important decisions as to how to organize the export marketing.</p>

      <p>Direct Selling</p>

      <p>There are obvious advantages to the exporter of selling direct to the overseas buyer without using an intermediary such as an agent or export house. Direct selling means

      having direct communication between a representative of the exporting company (whether he is the export manager, a travelling salesman or an officer of a branch or subsidary

      abroad) and the buyer. This communication enables the exporter to establish a relationship with the buyer, to make him fully aware of the range of goods available and to

      assess fully the buyer's requirements both in the short- and in the long-term period. But the exporter must bear the expense of his direct approach to selling. If he is

      exporting in only a small way this may simply amount to his own expenses in travelling abroad to visit his customers or of sending a colleague to do this. As the business

      expands, however, an export sales office may be necessary and/or a branch office will need to be opened overseas.</p>

      <p>A sales office abroad, although an expense, may bring considerable benefits to the exporter. It provides a continuous presence in the buyer's country, enabling him to have

      easy access to the exporter's staff to place orders or seek help or advice. It enables these members of staff to develop sales and acquire market information, and to

      supervise the distribution of their firm's goods and display and warehouse them. Skilled engineers may be at hand to deal with technical problems such as assembly of the

      product. By employing some local staff the exporter is able to overcome the language problem which he or his representatives travelling overseas might find a barrier to

      successful sales negotiations. These foreign nationals will also be more aware of local tastes and market needs. However, setting up abroad does often involve contending with

      local laws in acquiring premises or a subsidiary company and in employing personnel. There may be also difficulties in getting profits home.</p>

      <p> </p>

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