法律英语900句原文
[color=#191970]法律英语900句[/color][color=#191970]1.He is a holder of an insurance policy.[/color]
[color=#191970]2.How long is the period from the commencement to termination of insurance?[/color]
[color=#191970]3.Insurance companies insured ships and their cargoes against loss at sea.[/color]
[color=#191970]4.Mr.Rodman is the most heavily insured man in the world,[/color]
[color=#191970]carrying $4,000,000 insurance on his life.[/color]
[color=#191970]5.One kind of insurance policy is the one that covers a named person.
6.Parties to an insurance contract are required to exercise the utmost good faith[/color]
[color=#191970]and disclose all relevant matters to each other.[/color]
[color=#191970]7.The coverage is written in the basic form and clauses.[/color]
[color=#191970]8.What cover will you take out?[/color]
[color=#191970]9.What do your insurance clauses cover?[/color]
[color=#191970]10.Who will pay the premium for WPA?[/color] Part 2 Real property
1.A man may claim that the owns land by inheritance or purchase from some other person.
2.Land is referred to as realty.
3.Land may not be sold,leased,mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means.
4.Land,the main source of wealth,
is by the very nature of things treated differently from other kinds of property.
5.Permission for any change in the use of the land owned
has to be obtained from the local planning authorities.
6.Property may be classified into real property and personal property.
7.Real property is both a bundle of legal rights and certain physical objects.
8.Real property is land and things immovably attached to the land.
9.The ownership of land grew out of possession.
10.Where a squatter occupies derelict land
and continues in uninterrupted possession for 12 years,
the owner's title to land is destroyed.
Part 3 Encumbrance
1.A landowner who already holds land subject to a mortgage
may wish to hypothecate his equity.
2.A lien against the property is granted to secure an obligation.
3.A pledge is something more that a mere lien and something less than a mortgage.
4.After the court imposed the lien,
it usually issues a writ directing the sheriff to seize the property.
5.If the purpose of the transaction is to transfer property for security only,
then the courts will hold the transaction a pledge.
6.It is a charge on land.
7.He decided to redeem the pledge.
8.Mineral rights are not mortgageable in this jurisdiction.
9.Mortgage is a security interest in real property.
10.The debtor whose property is subject to the mortgage is called the mortgagor.
Part 4 Process
1.Address of service of process shall be included in the Articles of Association.
2.Alias summons is a subsequent summons issued to replace one
that could not be served or otherwise failed.
3.Smith was subpoenaed as a witness to appear in the circuit court.
4.Summons is a written notification that one is required to appear in court.
5.The bailiff was in charge of issuing a summons on the plaintiff.
6.The court served a summons on him.
7.The summons was withdrawn.
8.The witnesses were subpoenaed to attend the trial.
9.The writ was indorsed with details of the plaintiff's claim.
10.They were accused of demanding payment with threats.
Part 5 Judge
1.A good judge can extend the boundary of justice.
2.A judge cannot be witness in his own cause.
3.A judge cannot punish a wrong done to himself.
4.A judge incurs no civil liability for judicial acts,
even if guilty of fraud and corruption.
5.An upright judge has more regard to justice than to me.
6.If the judge departs from the sentencing guideline range
he must have a lawful reason for such a departure.
7.Judges shall handle cases impartially and in accordance with the law.
8.Most disputes that arise in any society are not handled through the court system.
9.No one can be at once suitor and judge.
10.No one can be judge in his own case.
11.Sentencing is at the discretion of the judge.
12.The chaiman of the tribunal asked to see all the facts on the income tax claim.
13.The judge was appointed to sit in a special case.
14.The magistrates committed her for trial at the Crown Court.
15.The judge accepted the defendant's undertaking not to harass the plaintiff.
16.The judge decided in favor of plaintiff.
17.The judge disallowed the defense evidence.
18.The judge exceeded his powers in criticizing the court of appeal.
19.The judge found that the plaintiff's pleadings disclosed no cause of action.
20.The judge heard the case in chamber.
21.The judge must not hear the evidence
or the representations from one side behind the back of the other.
22.The judge ordered the actions to be consolidated.
23.The judge refused the application,
on the ground that he had a judicial descretion to examine inadmissible evidene.
24.The judge revised his earlier decision
not to consider a submission from defense counsel.
25.The judge warned counsel not to prompt the witness.
26.The judge was of the opinion that if the evidence was doubtful
the claim should be dismissed.
27.The justices were ordered to rehear the information.
28.The Lord Justice said he was not laying down guideline for sentencing.
29.The judge consented to the request of the prosecution counsel.
30.The practice of the judge is the interpreter of law.
保险
他是保险单持有人.
保险责任起止期限是多长?
保险公司为船舶和船货承保了海损险.
罗德曼先生是世界上投保最多的人,
为自己投了4,000.000 美元的人寿险.
有一种保险单是记名保险单.保险合同双方当事人都应该尽到最大的善意
并且想到披露所有的相关事实.
保险范围写在基本保险单和各种险别条款里.
你们准备投保那些险别?
你们的保险条款规定了那些险种?
水渍险费用由谁负担?
不动产
一个人可能会声称他是通过继承或从其他人处购买而拥有土地的。
土地被除数称为不动产.
土地不得买卖,出租,抵押或者以其他形式非法转让.
土地是主要的财富渊源,
按照物的本质区分有别于其他类别的财产.
变更大对拥有土地的使用必须经地方规划当局批准.
财产可分为不动产和动产两类.
不动产包括大量法定权益和某些有形物.
不动产指的是土地及土地上附着物.
土地所有权源于占有.
如果一个擅自战用者被遗弃土地
并连续不受干涉地占用12年,
原土地所有人的产权将消灭.
财产负担
已经拥有被按揭抵押土地的所有人
可能会希望抵押他的衡平法权益.
准予对财产拥有留置权以保证义务之履行.
质押的性质超过纯粹留置,但却比不上按揭.
当法庭判定留置权后,
其通常签发一令状,指示司法行政官扣押该财产.
如果交易之目的只是因为担保而转让财产,
法院将裁定此种交易是一种质押行为.
此是土地的抵押.
他决定赎回质押物.
在该司法管辖区,矿业权益不能用作按揭抵押.
按揭是不动产的一种物权担保.
其财产被按揭抵押的债务人被称为抵押人.
传票
<公司组织大纲>中应包括有传票送达地址。
第二传票是取代因无法送达或因其他原因失效的传票之传票。
史密斯被传唤为证人在巡回法院出庭。
传票是一种要求某人出庭的书面通知。
法庭执达官负责向被告签发传票。
法院向他送达了传票。
传票被撤销。
用传票传唤证人参加审判。
传票上详细批注了原告的主张。
他们被指控用威胁方式提出付款要求。
法官
优秀的法官能够拓展正义的疆界.
法官不得在其受理的案件中当证人.
法官不得对使自己蒙受的过错进行惩处.
法官不得因其司法行为而承担民事责任,
即使犯有诈欺与贪污罪.
法官能公正,重法不重人.
法官必须有合法的理由方可偏离根据判刑准则所确定的量刑范围.
法官应当依法秉公办案.
社会的大多数争议并非都要通过法院体系解决.
起诉者不得兼为法官.
任何人不能审判自己的案件.
量刑由法官自由裁定.
审判长要求考虑所有有关所得税主张的事实.
该法官被任命审理一个特别案件.
治安法官将她带到巡回刑事法庭受审.
法官认可了被告不去骚扰原告的承诺.
法官判原告胜诉.
法官没有采信辩方证据.
法官越权对上诉法院进行批评.
法官裁定原告诉状没有说明诉因.
法官不公司审理该案.
法官不得背着一方当事人去听取另一方的证据或陈述.
法官命令将诉讼合并审理。
法官拒绝了申请，
根据是他有审理不被采信证据的司法裁量权。
法官修正了他早先不考虑被告方律师意见的决定。
法官告诫律师不得诱导证人。
法官认为，如果证据有疑，应不驳回主张。
法官被命令重新审理起诉。
大法官说他现在没有制定判刑的标准。
法官同意控方律师的请求。
法官的通常工作是解释法律。 6 Jurisprudence
1.A subsequent ratification has a retrospective affect,
and be equivalent to a prior command.
2.Absolute power corrupts absolutely.
3.Fairness and justice in a jurisdiction
are realized case by case being settled properly.
4.Give a thief enough rope and he'll hang himself.
5.Good order in the foundation of all things.
6.Ignorance of law excuses no one.
7.In a healthy legal system the values of order and justice
are not normally at cross-purposes.
8.In doubt,the milder course is to be followed.
9.Infancy is shield,not a sword.
10.It is an important step to replace the rule of men
with the urle of law in China's justice reforms.
11.It is better to fight for justice than to rail at the ill.
12.Justice must not only be done,but must be seen to be done.
13.Let right be done,though the heavens fall.
14.Like reason makes like law.
15.No man should benefit from his own injustice.
16.Nobody has a more sacred obligation to obey the law
than those who make the law.
17.She who comes to equity must come with clean hands.
18.State ways cannot change folkways.
19.Suppression of the truth is the expression of what is false.
20.The history of liberty
has largely been the history of the observance of procedural safeguards.
21.The place governs the act.
22.The rules must not be constantly changing.
23.The same transaction may give rise to both a civil and a criminal action.
24.The spoken word flies;the written word remains.
25.Though few are punished,the fear of punishment affects all.
26.Truth is afraid of nothing but concealment.
27.We must follow a strict interpretation of the rules.
28.Who pardons the bad,injures the good.
29.Without judicial review,statutory limits would be naught but empty words.
30.Wrong laws make short government.
Part 7 Law
1.A later statute takes away the effect of a prior one.
2.Arms and laws do not flourish together.
3.Consent makes law.
4.Custom has the force of law.
5.Customs,religions and philosophies tend to form the basis for a nation's laws
6.Equity is a correction of common legal rules in their defective parts.
7.Except as otherwise provided by law.
8.Every law has a loop hole.
9.Every law has no atom of strength,as far as no public opinion supports in.
10.In civilized life,law floats in a sea of ethics.
11.It can hardly be taken to be a guarantee
that every law shall treet every person the same.
12.Law can never be enforced unless fear supports it.
13.Law does not compel a man to do what he is impossible to perform.
14.Law governs man,reason the law.
15.Law is a pervasive feature of social life that profoundly affects us.
16.Law is an exercise in communication between authority and the public.
17.Law is an ordinance of reason for the common good.
18.Law is an utterance determined by the common consent of the commonwealth.
19.Law is both an instrument of change and a result of changes.
20.Law is established for the benefit of man.
21.Law is law,just or not.
22.Law is mind without reason.
23.Law is order,and good law is good order.
24.Law is the crystallization of the habit and thought of society.
25.Law is the science of what is good and just.
26.Law must be stable and it cannot stand still.
27.Law that is deficient is better than law that is uncertain.
28.Laws are made to prevent the stronger from having the power to do everything.
29.Laws are gentle are seldom obeyed;too severe,seldom executed.
30.No,crime without law making it so;no penalty without law making it so.
31.No one is above the law.
32.One with the law is a majority.
33.Scarcely any law can be made which is beneficial to all;
but if it benefits the majority it is useful.
34.Substantial law defined rights,and procedural law
establishes the procedures by which rights are protected and enforced.
35.The definition of law depends on how we look at its purposes or funcitons.
36.The end of law is not abolish or restrain,but to preserve and enlarge freedom.
37.The first of all laws is to respect the laws.
38.The law cannot make all men equal,but they are all equal before the law.
39.The law does not concern itself about family trifles.
40.The law holds no man responsible for the act of god.
41.The law is the witness and external deposit of our moral life.
42.The law never suffers anything contrary to trun.
43.The law often allows what honor forbids.
44.The law on libel is considered too lenient.
45.The law protects citizens who are wrongfully deprived
of their liberty by another.
46.The law was made for man and not man for the law.
47.The law will catch up with him in the end.
48.The legal source of the privilege varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.
49.The more laws,the more offences.
50.The new regulations will come into force on January 1st.
51.The powers and duties are confered on the tribunal by the statutory code.
52.The reason of the law ceasing,the law itself ceases.
53.The safety of the people is the supreme law.
54.The strictest law sometimes becomes the severest injustice.
55.This document is legally binding.
56.This law is in abeyance.
57.This law has become a dead letter.
58.This law will go into effect on the day if its promulgation.
59.Where law ends,tyranny begins.
60.Where there are uncertainties,there are no laws.
法理
事后假追认有溯及力，等同先前命令。
绝对权力绝对腐败。
司法的公平和正义是通过案件逐一得到妥善解决予以实现的。
多行不义必自毙。
良好的秩序是一切之基础。
不知法不能成为任何人逃避法律的借口。
在健全的法律制度下，秩序与正义这两个价值一般不会冲突。
遇到疑义时应遵循从宽原则。
未成年可作为抗辩之理由，但不能作为攻击之借口。
以法治代替人治是中国司法改革的重要一步。
与其责骂罪恶,不如伸张正义。
正义不仅应得到实现，而且还应以人们看得见的方式得到实现。
秉公办事，何惧天塌下来。
看似的理由导致相似的规则。
没有人应当从自已的过错中获益。
法律制定者比谁都更具有守法之神圣义务。
自身清白方能获得衡平救济。
国家手段不能改变社会习俗。
抑压真相，犹如作伪。
自由的历史在很大程度上是遵守程序保障条款的历史。
场所支配行为。
规则不得朝令夕改。
同一活动可能导致民事和刑事诉讼。
口说无凭,立些为证.惩一儆白。
真相无所惧，惟怕被隐瞒。
我们必须对规则严格解释。
宽恕坏人必伤及好人。
没有司法审查,法定权限将只是一句空话。
法制不健全,统治也短命。
法律
后法优于前法。
武力与法律不有同时兴盛。
合意产生法律。
民俗具有法律效力。
风俗、宗教和哲学常是一个国家法律构成之基础。
衡平法是对普通法律规则中瑕疵部分的矫正。
法律另有规定的除外。
凡是法律皆有漏洞。
若无公众舆论支持，法律是没有丝毫力量的。
在文明社会,法律依靠道德所支撑。
不能保证每一部法律都能平等地对待每一个人。
没有威慑力的法律绝对不会具有效力。
法律不能强迫人去做不可为之事。
法律管人,理性管法律。
法在社会生活中无处不在,深该地影响眷我们。
律是当权者与大众之间进行交流的一种运作方式。
法律是维护公众利益的理性条令。
法律是全体公民一致同意所决定的意见之表达。
法律是变革的工具又是诸多变革的结果。
法是人类利益而制定的。
无论正义与否，法律就是法律。
法律是无由的理念。
法律即秩序,好的法律形成良好的秩序。
法律是社会习俗和思想的结晶。
法乃善良公平之道。
法律必须保持稳定但却不能一成不变。
有瑕疵的法律胜于不确定的法律。
法律旨在防止强者滥用权力为所欲为。
法律过于温和难于遵守;过于严酷则难于执行。
法无明文规定者不为罪,法无明文规定者不处罚。
任何人不能凌驾于法律之上。
谁拥有法律，谁就是大多数。
法律难顾及全民，于大众有利已足。
实体法界定权利，程序法则制定保护和实施权利的程序。
法律的定义取决于我们如何看它的目的或功能。
法律的目的不是废除或约束而是维护并扩大自由。
尊重法律是最首要的法律。
法律不能使人人平等，但在法律面前人人是平等的。
法律难断家务事。
法律规定人毋为天灾人负责。
法乃吾人道德生活之见证人和外壳。
法律习决不容忍违反真理的事情。
法律允许的而道德上常常禁止。
反诽谤法被认为太宽大了。
法律护市民不被他人非法剥夺自由。
法是为人而制定的,人不是不法而生就的。
最后法律饶不了他。
特权的法律渊源因管辖区的不同而异常。
法律越多，违法者越多。
新规定将于1月1日生效。
成文法典赋于法庭权力与责任。
法律理由消失,法律本身也不存在。
人民的安全是最高的法律。
最严厉的法律有时会变成最大的不公。
该文件具有法律的约束力。
此法暂缓执行。
此法已成为一纸空文。
本法自公布之日起施行。
法律的终点便是暴政的起点。
法律必须具有确定性。 Part 11 Company law
1.A company director owes a fiduciary duty to the company.
2.A company is regarded by the law as a person:an artificial person.
3.An enterprise as a legal person shall conduct operations
within the range approved and registered.
4.He is director appointed under the articles of the company.
5.Prior to application for registration,
the share capital must be stipulated in the Articles
and all shares must be subscribed.
6.The chairman was personally liable for the company's debts.
7.The company has complied with the court order.
8.The company has fulfilled all the terms of the agreement.
9.The company intends to sue for damages.
10.The company is controlled by the majority shareholder.
11.The company is presumed to be still solvent.
12.The company is resisting the takeover bid.
13.The company's action was completely legal.
14.The domicile of a legal person or other organization
is at the place of its principal business establishment.
15.The legal adviser recommended applying for an injunction against the directors of the company.
16.The major methods used to reconstitute the company
are acquisition of companies and merging.
17.The profits and losses of the equity joint venture
shall be shared by the parties in proportion to their contributions
of the registered capital.
18.The resolution was invalid because the shareholder's meeting was not quorate.
19.The right to vote at shareholder's meetings
for the election of directors shall be observed.
20.The two companies have merged.
Part 12 Jurisdiction
1.It is a principle of first importance
that federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction.
2.Jurisdiction determines which court system should properly adjudicate a case.
3.Questions of jurisdiction also arise regarding quasi-judicial bodies,
such as administrative agencies.
4.The case falls within the competence of the court.
5.The choice of jurisdiction of a court by agreement
shall not violate the provisions of exclusive jurisdiction undr the law.
6.The court held that exercise of personal jurisdiction
must meet the requirements of due process.
7.The federal courts have usually interpreted the matters of jurisdiction rather strictly.
8.The jurisdictional amount is set by statute and is currently $80,000.
9.This matter does not fall within the jurisdiction fo the Hight Court.
10.To start a civil suit the plaintiff first picks the proper court,
one that has jurisdiction in the case. Part 13 International law
1.A state alone can perform acts of sovereignty on its territory.
2.Being sovereign and equal to others,
a state has certain rights and corresponding duties.
3.Both sides claimed the other side broke the peace agreement.
4.Every state has the duty to refrain from use of force against the territorial integrity of any other state.
5.He claimed diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.
6.His passport is out of date.
7.Illegal immigrants are deported.
8.One of the most flagrant of infringement of independence of States is intervention.
9.Public intermational law has been regarded as a system of principles and rules
designed to govern relations between sovereign states.
10.The beginnings of international law as it is known today
are usually traced to the 16th and 17th centuries.
Part 14 Negligence
1.Did the other person act negligently?
2.If you are more than 50 percent,
you may not be able to recover damages in the negligence action.
3.In most civil contexts it does not matter whether negligence is"gross"or"slight".
4.In most states contributory negligence has been superceded by comparative negligence.
5.In regard to negligence,
think of duty broadly as an obligation to protect the safety of others.
6.Involuntary manslaughter can be based on criminal negligence.
7.Negligence can also be a criminal offense.
8.Usually negligence is a tort.
9.You could bring a claim of negligence against the railroad company.
10.You have the grounds for a negligence action.
Part 15 Customs&tariff
1.All imports must be declared to customs.
2.How long will it take us to pass through Customs?
3.Like retaliation tariff,
preferential tariff is used as a weapon in international relations.
4.The customs formalities for the exportation of the following cargo
have been duly completed.
5.The Customs Bureau accepts certain foreign exports free of duty.
6.The duty on automobiles will be abolished soon.
7.The government decided to raise tariff walls against foreign goods.
8.The penalties for cheating customs are very severe.
9.The shutouts will soon be sent to the warehouse.
10.To impose a heavy duty on the imports of steel is unreasonable.
公司法
公司董事应对公司负责受托人责任。
公司被法律规为"人",一个拟制人.
企业法人应当在核准登记的经营范围内从事经营.
他是一名按公司章程任命的董事。
在申请登记注册前，
在公司章程中必须载明股本额，
并且所有股份必须认购完毕。
董事长对公司债务承担个人责任。
公司遵守了法院的命令。
公司已经履行了全部协议中的条款。
公司打算提起索赔之诉。
该公司受控股股东的控制。
公司被推定仍有偿还能力。
该公司正在抵制以接管为目的的高价征购股份.
公司的行为完全合法。
法人和其他非法人组织以其主要办事机构所在地为住所。
法律顾问建议申请针对公司董事会的强制令。
公司重组的方式有公司收购和公司兼并。
合资企业各方应按其出资额在注册资本中的比例分享利润及亏损.
因股东大会不够法定人数,故该决议无效。
应该遵守股东大会上投票选举董事的表决权。
两个公司已经兼并。
管辖权
联邦法院是有限管辖权法院,这是首要原则.
什么法院体系适合审判某一案件应由管辖权决定.
准司法机构,如行政机构等也会出现管辖权问题.
该案在这个法院的管辖权范围内。
协议选择的法院管辖不得违反法律关于专属管辖的规定.
法院裁定行使人身管辖权必须符合正当程序要件.
在解释管辖权事项时联邦法院一直比较严格.
案件标的管辖权由法律规定,目前是80,000美元.
该事项不在高等法院管辖权范围之内.
原告要提民事诉讼,首先要找到对该案件有管辖权的恰当的法院.
国际法
只有国家和能在自已的领土上行使主行为。
作为独立、平等的主权国，
既享有某些权利，也承担相应的责任义务。
双方者声称对方破坏了和平协议。
任何国家都负有不得使用武力侵犯别国领土完整的责任。
为避免被捕,他声称享有外交豁免权。
他的护照已过期。
非法移民要被驱逐出国。
公然侵犯国家独立的行为之一是干涉。
国际公法一直被视为是调整主权国之关系的一套原则和规则。
如今的国际法的起源通常应追溯到16和17世纪。
过失行为
他人的行为是否有过失？
如果你的责任超过50%，
你在此过失诉讼中便有可能无法得到赔偿金。
在多数民事事项环境中,过失行为是否"严重"或"轻微"并不关紧要.
在多数州,混合过失已经被比较过失取代。
在论及过失时，
应当视责任为广义的保护他人安全的义务。
非故意非预谋杀人罪可基于过失犯罪而成立。
过失行为也可能成为犯罪。
过失行为通常是侵犯行为。
你可以对铁路公司提起过失主张。
你有理由提起过失之诉。
海关和关税
所有过口货物必须报关。
办完通关手续要多长时间？
与报复性关税一样，
特惠关税在国际关系中也被当成一种武器使用.
下列货物的出关手续已正式结清。
海关总署允许免税进口几种外国货。
汽车关税即将被取消。
政府决定提高关税壁垒以抵制外国货。
关税欺诈所受的惩罚非常重。
退关货物很快被存入仓库。
对钢材进口征收高关税是无道理的。 Partnership
1.A partnership is an association of two or more persons
to carry on a business for profit.
2.Each partner is viewed as the other's agent.
3.Every partner may take part in the management of the partnership business.
4.Family partnership is one in which the partners are members of a family.
5.No partner shall be entitled to remuneration
for acting in the partnership business.
6.Partners are taxed as individuals and are personally liable
for torts and contractual obligations.
7.Unless it is a limited partnership,
it need not be established in writing.
8.The other partners shall,under the same condition,
enjoy priority in obtaining the assignment.
9.The partnership books are to be kept at the place
of business of the partnership or the principal place.
10.Traditionally,a firm is referred to a partnership,
as opposed to company.
Contract & agreement
1.A contract cannot arise out of an illegal act.
2.A contract is established when the acceptance becomes effective.
3.A contract may be modified
if the parties reach a consensus through consultation.
4.A person is not liable for debts contracted druing his minority.
5.A transaction between two parties
ought not to operate to the disadvantage of a third.
6.An acceptance once given cannot be revoked unless the offeror consents.
7.An acceptance is a statement made
by the offeree indicating assent to an offer.
8.An offeror may withdraw an offer
at any time before it has been accepted.
9.Any amendment to this contract
shall become effective only by a written agreement by Patry A and Party B.
10.Any annex is the integral part of this contract.
11.Any departure from the terms and conditions of the contract
must be advised in writing.
12.Any failure by a party to carry out all or part of his obligations
under the contract
shall be considered as a substantial breach.
13.Any party has no right to terminate this contract
without another party's agreement.
14.Any violation of deadlines
contained in the contract wil equate to breach of contract.
15.Contract law is initially concerned with determining what promises the law
will enforce or recognize as creating legal rights.
16.Examples of void contracts
are those entered into as a result of misrepresentation,
duress or undue influence.
17.He is incompetent to sign the contract.
18.He reasonably believes that there will be a fundamental
non-performance of the contract by the other party.
19.He signed a covenant against under letting the premises.
20.He was incapable of fulfiling the terms of the contract.
21.If a contract becomes invalid,
the validity of its independently existing clauses
pertaining to the settlement of disputes shall not be affected.
22.If a minor ratifies a contract upon reaching the age of majority,
he or she is then bound to it.
23.If any of the above-mentioned clauses
is inconsistent with the following additional clauses,
the latter is to be taken as authentic.
24.If there are provisions as otherwise stated
in respect to contracts in other laws,
such provisions shall be followed.
25.If there is no acceptance,by definition there ia no contract.
26.In case of heavy losses,
failure of a party to fulfill the obligations
prescribed by the contract of force majeure,
the contract may be terminated.
27.Lawfully established contracts shall be protected by law.
28.Marine insurance contracts are indemnity contracts
and require the parties to exercise the utmost good faith.
29.No change in or modification of this Agreement
shall be valid unless the same is made in writing.
30.No consideration,no contract.
31.Other special terms will be listed bellow.
32.Party A and B have reached an agreement through friendly consultation
to conclude the following contract.
33.Parties hereto may revise or supplement
through negotiation matters not mentioned herein.
34.Parment will be held up until the contract has been signed.
35.Please amend your copy of the contract accordingly.
36.Promises resulting from either express or an implied agreement
can be enforced.
37.She did not abide by the terms of the agreement.
38.The agreement is binding on all parties.
39.The agreement of the parties is subject to review
and approval of the board of directors.
40.The conditions of the contract are still to be determined.
41.The contact has been engrossed ready for signature.
42.The contract has to be signed in the presence of two witnesses.
43.The contract was declared null and void.
44.The contract was annuled by the court.
45.The express agreement of parties overcomes the law.
46.The following documents shall be deemed to form
and be read and construed as an integral part of this contract.
47.The issue of this action is the date of the contract.
48.The parties may dissolve the contract upon consensus through consultation.
49.The parties shall,when making a contract,
have corresponding capacity for civil rights and civil conduct.
50.The parties to a contract shall fully fulfill their obligations
pursuant to the terms of the contract.
51.The parties to the contract have equal legal status,
and neither party may impose its will in the other.
52.The use of a prescribed contract form can reduce the uncertainty.
53.They took the unilateral decision to cancel the contract.
54.This Agreement and the schedules hereto
constitute the entire agreement between
the parties relating
to the subject mater hareof.
55.This contract is executed in three counterparts,
all of which are considered as originals and of the same effect.
56.This contract will be effective after being signed by both parties.
57.This affer will be lapsed automatically after the time limit.
58.We hereby revoke the agreement of May8,2004.
59.What is left unmentioned in contract may be added there as an appendix.
60.You have to get the permission of all the signatories to the agreement
if you want to change the terms.
合伙
合伙企业指的是两个或两个以上的个人为牟利而组成的商事联合体。
每个合伙人都被视为是其他合伙人的代理人。
每个合伙人都可以参与合伙企业的业务管理。
家庭合伙是指合伙人均为一个家庭成员的合伙。
任何合伙人均无权因参与合伙企业业务活动而获得报酬。
合伙人按个人纳税，且以个人名义承担侵权和合同责任。
除非属于有限责任性质，合伙关系无须以书面缔结。
在同等条件下，其他合伙人有优先购买权。
合伙企业的账簿应保存在企业营业处或企业本部。
按惯例,firm是指合伙企业，与公司相对。
合同和协议
违法行为不足不约。
承诺生效即合同成立。
当事人协商一致即可以变更合同。
一个人无须对他在未成年时期的合同债务承担责任。
合约不约束第三人。
除非要约人同意，承诺一经做出即不得撤回。
承担是受要约人同意要约的意思表示。
在要约被受要约人接受以前，要约人可以随进撤回要约。
对本合同的任何修改，只有经甲、乙双方签署书面协议后方能生效。
对本合同一切附件均为本合同的有效组成部分。
任何与合同条款相背离的地方，都应以书面形式通知。
一方当事人不履行本合同的全总或任何部分义务均应被视为是根本违约。
未经另一方当事人同意，任何当事人均无权终止合同。
凡违反合同规定的任何期限都等同违约。
合同法首先涉及确认哪些许诺可以作为创设的法律权利而由法律强制实施或承认。
因欺诈、胁迫和乘人之危而签订的合同属于可撤销合同。
他没有签署合同的行为能力。
他有理由认为对方当事人将会根本违约。
他签署了一个反对廉价出租屋的契约。
他没有能力履行合同条款。
合同无效并不影响合同中独立存在的有关解决争议方法的条款的效力。
如未成年人在达到法定年龄时追认合同，他/她便应受合同之约束。
以上任何条款如与下列附加条款相抵触，以下列附加条款为准。
其他法律对合同另有规定，应依照这些规定。
按照定义，没有承诺合同便不能成立。
如发严重亏损，一方不履行合同规定的义务或不可抗力等，可提前终止合同。
依法成立的合同应受法律保护。
海上保险合同属于赔偿合同，要求双方当事人尽到最大善意的义务。
本协议之修改必须作成书面始生效力。
合同无对价不成立。
甲、乙双方如有特殊约定将在下列另行规定。
甲、乙双方，经友好协商一致，订立要合同。
本合同如有未尽事宜，双方可协商修订或补充。
付款将延期到合同签订。
请将你的合同文本做相应的修正。
明示协定或默示协定所产生的允诺都可具有强制力。
她没有遵守协议的条款。
该协议对各方当事人都有约束力。
当事人的协议须经董事会的审查和批准。
合同条件还有待确定。
合同已正式写成等待签署。
该合同必须在两个证人出席的情况下签署。
合同被宣告无效。
合同被法院废止。
双方当事人的明示协议胜过法律。
下列文件应被认为、读做、解释为本合同的组成部分。
这案件的急论点是合约的日期。
当事人协商一致，可以解除合同。
当事人订立合同，应当具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力。
合同的双方录事人应当按照合同的约定，合部履行自已的义务。
合同当事人的法律地位平等，一方不得将自已的意志强加给另一方。
格式化合同的采用可以减少不确定性。
他们单方面决定撤消合同。
本协议及其附件构成双方关于本协议标的之完整协议。
本合同一式三份，均应视为原件，具有同等效力。
本合同一经双方签字后立即生效。
这项要约在期限过后，便会自动失效。
这项特此宣告2004年5月8日的协议无效。
本合同未尽事宜，可由双方增补作为合同附件。
如果你要改动条款必须获得协议所有签署者的允许。 4Settlement
1.Conciliation is a procedure in which a public organ
stands between the parties
in order to try to solve a civil dispute by their mutual consent.
2.Even significant controversies may be settled through mediation.
3.If a claim is settled on behalf of a child of patient,
the agreement is not binding until it is approved by the court.
4.Litigants of the two parties may reconcile of their own accord.
5.Out-of-court settlement is specially appropriate as applied to disputes
that are resolved instituting litigation.
6.The bill of mediation becomes legally effective after it has been delivered
to the litigants and signed by them.
7.The parties reached a settlement the day before trial.
8.The money paid in such a settlement is often termed nuisance money.
9.They are hoping to reach an out-of-court settlement.
10.To end the lawsuit,they reached an agreement
resolving differences by mutual concessions.
Environment protection
1.An act that is destructive to the environment may be criminalized by statute.
2.Discharge pipes directly take pollutants away from the plant into the river.
3.Environmental impact reports are required under many circumstances
by federal and state law.
4.Environmental law heavily intertwined with administrative law.
5.Environmental problems directly affect the quality of people's lives.
6.In 1970,a federal agency was created to coordinate governmental action
to protect environment.
7.Most environmental litigation involves disputes with governmental agencies.
8.Pollution is legally controlled and enforced
through various federal and state laws.
9.The federal government promulgated the Clean Water Act
and the Clean Air Act.
10.The law requires a detailed analysis of the potential impact
on the environment of a proposed project.
Marriage & family life
1.Arranged or mercenary marriage and any other acts of interference
with the freedom of marriage are forbidden.
2.Custody of the children was awarded to the mother.
3.She petitioned for divorce on account of the breakdown of their marriage.
4.She was granted a divorce on the grounds
of unreasonable behavior by her husband.
5.The adopter may adopt one child only,male or female.
6.The court presumes the maintenance payments are being paid on time.
7.The payments were made according to the maintenance order.
8.Their marriage broke down and they separated.
9.They went to see a marriage guidance counselor.
10.What validates a marriage is the consent of the parties,
not their cohabitation.
和解
调解是公务机关介入当事人之间，没法根据当事人的协议解决民事纠纷的一种程序。
即便是重大的争议都有可能通过调解解决。
以未成年人或病人名义和解诉讼主张，如无法院批准，此种协议没有拘束效力。
双方当事人可以自行和解。
庭外调解专门适用于没有起诉的争端之解决。
调解书交双方当事人签收后，即具有法律效力。
在案件审判前一天，双方当事人达成和解协议。
在此种调解中支付的费用经常被称为摆脱诉讼滋扰费。
他们希望庭和解。
为终结诉讼，他们各自让步就解决争议达成协议。
环境保护
破坏环境之行为可以被法律规定为犯罪。
排泄管道直接将污染物从工厂排入河流。
根椐联邦和州的法律规定，在许多情况下都要求提供环境影响报告书。
环保与行政法紧密纠缠在一起。
环境问题直接影响人们的生活质量。
1970年，成立了一个联邦机构以协调政府的环保行为。
许多环保诉讼都涉及与政府机构的争端。
污染受法律控制，并由联邦和州各种法规强制执行。
联邦政府颁布了《水清洁法》和《空气清洁法》。
法律规定要对拟订项目对环境的潜在影响作详尽的分析。
婚姻和家庭
包办、买卖婚姻和其他任何干涉婚姻自由的行为都是被禁止的。
儿童的监护权已判给母亲。
她以婚姻关系破裂为由申请离婚。
基于丈夫的无理行为，她被允许离婚。
收养人只能收养一名子女。
法院推定扶养费是按时支付的。
按法院扶养令进行了付款。
他们的婚姻破裂，两人分居。
他们去找婚姻指导顾问。
Part 21 Shipping & maritime law
1.If the carrier issues a bill of lading for which there are no goods,
the carrier is likely to be liable to the holder.
2.In case of quarantine the property may be discharged
at the risk and expense of woners into quarantine depot or elsewhere.
3.Nothing in this section shall limit the right of the carrier
to require the prepayment or guarantee of the charges.
4.The adjustment of general average
is govemed by the rules agreed by the parties to it.
5.The owner or consigner shall pay the freight and average
and all other lawful charges accruing on said property.
6.The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay
of shipment of non-delivery of the goods due to force majeure.
7.The shipment came wiht fake documentation.
8.The shipper shall hold the carriers harmless from any expense they may incur.
9.The warehouse claims a lien for all lawful charges
for storage and preservation of the goods.
10.Where delivery is made by a common carrier
by water the foregoing provisions of this Act shall apply.
Part 22 Prosecutor
1.If prosecutorial misconduct results in a mistrial,
a later prosecution may be barred.
2.In Great Britain,
the Attorney General prosecutes for the Grown in certain cases.
3.In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed.
4.Not every violation of law can be prosecuted,
and prosecutors have wide discretion in deciding which to prosecute
and which to drop.
5.Please call your first witness,Mr.Prosecutor.
6.The district attorney was appointed to represent the state
in criminal cases.
7.The independent counsel is in charge of the investigation
of the political scandal.
8.The prosecuting attorney represents the government in instituting
and proceeding with criminal actions.
9.The prosecutor decided to pursue the case to the end.
10.The public prosecutor must prove the defendant's act
was the proximate cause of the injury. Part 23 Traffic
1.He was booked for driving on the wrong side of the road.
2.Driving under the influence of alcohol is severely forbidden.
3.Every one should observe the traffic regulations.
4.Homicide by automobile is a special category of homicide
recognized in some states.
5.Mary was fined $10 for speeding.
6.The driver had an excessive amount of alcohol in his blood.
7.The guidelines lay down rules for dealing with traffic offences.
8.The tribunal's terms of reference do not cover traffice offences.
9.The traffic court has jurisdiction over violation of statutes
governing the use of roads and motor vehicles.
10.Traffic police is a section of the police
concerned with problems on the roads.
Part 24 Loan &lease
1.Before the lessor signs the lease,
the lessee must receive a copy of the contract.
2.Do you have sufficient cover for this loan?
3.For the loan,he could have a lien placed on your home.
4.Legitimate loan relationships are protected by law.
5.She wanted to use a loan to buy a new home.
6.The term of the loan is fifteen years.
7.We have a short lease on our current premises.
8.They were granted the lease on condition the they paid the legal costs.
9.The leases are coterminous.
10.The interest on a loan may not be deducted from the principal in advance.
Part 25 Police
1.After six hours' questioning by the police the accused man confessed.
2.At this point the police interfered.
3.He is wanted by the police.
4.The chief Constable applied for an order of mandamus
directing the justices to rehear the case.
5.The confession was extracted under torture by the police.
6.The police are close to solving the crime.
7.The police were accused of tampering with the evidence.
8.The post mortem was carried out or was conducted by the police pathologist.
9.The thief surrendered himself to the police.
10.When he offered to give information to the police,
he was granted immunity from prosecution.
货运和海商法
如果承运人签发空头提单，承运人有可能要对持票人承担责任。
因检疫之故可在检疫地或其他地方卸货，风险和费用由货主承担。
本条款之任何规定不得限制承运人提出支付预付费或费用担保之要求。
共同海损理算，适用当事人约定的理算规则。
货主或收货人应当支付运费、海损费以及就上述货物所发生的一切其他费用。
因不可抗力致使卖方不能或推迟次货，卖方不负责任。
装运发来的货物用的是伪造单据。
发货人应赔偿承运人所发生的任何费用。
仓库主张对拖欠合法仓储保管费的货物享有留置权。
如果交货人是水运公共承运人，应当适用本法律上述各项规定。
检察官
如果检察官的不轨行为导致审判无效,再行起诉可能会被除数禁止.
在英国,检察总长在某些案件中代表王室进行公诉.
在有些地方,检察官是经选举而非任命产生的.
并非所有的违法行为都要被起诉,
在决定是否起诉时检察官具有很大的自由栽量权.
检察官先生,请传你的第一位证人.
州地方检察官被任命在刑事案件中代表州政府进行公诉.
独立检察官负责调查该政治丑闻事件.
检察官代表政府提起并参与刑事诉讼.
检察官决定对此案穷追不舍.
检察官必须证明被告的行为是造成伤害的近因.
交通
他被指控占道驾驶.
严禁洒后驾车.
人人都应遵守交通规则.
汽车肇事杀人罪是一些州所规定的特定类别的非预谋杀人罪.
玛丽因超速驾车被罚款10美元.
该司机血液里的酒精过量.
基本原则规定了处理交通肇事规则.
法庭的授权调查事项不包括交通肇事罪.
交通法庭有权管辖违反道路和车辆法规的事件.
交通警察是处理道路交通问题的那部分警察.
借贷和租赁
在出租人签署租赁合同之前,承租人必须要收到合同副本.
你有这笔贷款的足够担保吗?
因为此笔贷款,他对你的住房享有留置权.
合法的借贷关系受法律保护.
她想用贷款购买新房.
贷款期限为15年.
我们有一个短期租赁现有房屋的合同.
在支付法定费用的条件下他们可获得租赁权.
这些租赁合同同时终止.
借款的利息不得预先在本金中扣除.
警察
经过警方六个小时的审问,被告供认了犯罪.
此时警方介入进来.
他是被除警方通缉者.
警察局申请获得履行职务令,以命令法官重新审理该案.
供认是警方严刑逼供得到的.
警方即将破案.
警察被指控篡改证词.
由警察病理学家进行验尸.
小偷向警方自首.
当他主动给警察提供信息时,他被免于起诉.
Part 26 Remedy
1.If the contract is null and void,
the remedy is to rescind and to put the parties in the position
in which they were prior to the attempted agreement.
2.If the statute of limitations has run,the plaintiff is without redress.
3.In pleading,a party may request alternative relief.
4.Penal redress requires full compensation of the injured person
as an instrument for punishing the offender.
5.The act expressly provides for injunctive relief.
6.The classic remedy for copyright infringement is equitable relief.
7.The judge deemed it sufficient to compensate the plaintitt,
making a dquitable remedy unneccessary.
8.The lender has a remedy either in court
or through repossession of the car.
9.The most common of legal remedy is damages.
10.We have to consider specific performance and other equitable remedies.
Part 27 Legislation
1.A law should be amended or repealed only by the same procedures
that were used to enact it.
2.A legislature has many of the same poweres
as a court to support a legislative inquiry.
3.Courts often look to legislative intent
for guidance in interpreting and applying a law.
4.it is the business of the judiciary to interpret the laws,
not scan the authority of the lawgiver.
5.Such legislation is unconstitutional.
6.The greatest happiness of the greatest number
is the foundation of morals and legislation.
7.The legislative cannot transfer the power
of making laws to any other hands.
8.The legislative history and the language of the law
may provide indications of the legislative intent.
9.The legislative power is the supreme power in every commonwealth.
10.To carry out an objective review of current legislation is important.
Part 28 Lawyer
1.A barrister has right of audience in any court in England and Wales.
2.A lawyer shall not represent both parties involved in the same case.
3.A lawyer should assist in maintaining the integrity
and competence of the legal profession.
4.A lawyer should assist in preventing the unauthorized practice of law.
5.A lawyer should assist the legal profession
in fulfilling its duty to make legal counsel available.
6.A lawyer should avoid even the appearance of professional impropriety.
7.A lawyer should exercise independent professional judgment
on behalf of a client.
8.A lawyer should preserve the confidences and secrets of client.
9.A lawyer should represent a client competently.
10.A lawyer should represent a client zealously
within the bounds of the law.
11.Can you contact the solicitors representing the vendors?
12.Counsel is instructed to settle the defense.
13.Counsel for the plaintiff opposed the defendant's application
for an adjournment.
14.Cousel for the prosecution opened with a description
of the accused's family.
15.Counsel must not lead the witness.
16.Counsel pleaded the accused's age in extenuation of his actions.
17.Cousel prevailed upon the judge to arant an adjournmet.
18.Counsel questioned the reliability of the witness evidence.
19.Counsel raised a point of law.
20.Counsel stated that there was no case to answers,
but the judge demurred.
21.Defense counsel made a speech in mitigation.
22.Defense counsel put his case.
23.He has set up in practice as a solecitor.
24.He is a partner in a law firm.
25.He was denied the right to see his lawyer.
26.Sould legal advice depends upon the lawyer
being fully informed by the client.
27.The accused decided to dispense with the services of a lawyer.
28.The solicitor attempted to have the charge dropped.
29.The solicitor paid the fine on behalf of his client.
30.The solicitor sent an extract of the deeds.
Part 29 Contempt of court
1.At common law,
conduct tending to interfere
with the couse of justice in particular legal
proceedings constitutes criminal contempt.
2.Because contemptuous conduct interferes with the administration of justice,
it is punishable,usually by fine or imprisonment.
3.Criminal contempt is crime that is punishable by fine or imprisonment or both.
4.He is in danger of being in contempt of court.
5.He refused to obey the court order and was sent to prison for contempt.
6.His conduct tending to disregard the judge's order
constituted contempt of court.
7.The judge imposed an instant fine upon the contemnor.
8.The judge's decision sets a precedent for future cases of contempt of court.
9.The lawyer was fined $500 for contempt of court.
10.The sanctions for civil contempt end upon compliance with order.
Part 30 Jury
1.Every defendant charged with a felony
has a right to be charged by the Grand Jury.
2.He chose to stand trial by jury.
3.The accused made his election for jury trial.
4.The judge directed the jury to acquit all the defendants.
5.The jury brought in a verdict of not guilty.
6.The jury found him guilty and did not recommend mercy.
7.The jury has to decide whom to believe
among a mass of conflicting evidence.
8.The jury reached a unanimous verdict of not guilty.
9.The jury returned a verdict of guilty,
and the judge will pass sentence next week.
10.The jury was unable to reach a unanimous decision.
救济
如果合同无效,救济方法是撤销合同,
使双方当事人回复到协议签署之前的地位.
如果过了法定诉讼时效,原告将无法得到救济.
在诉辩状中,当事人可提出替换救济要求.
刑事救济规定对受害人进行充分补偿,
由此作为对罪犯的一种惩罚机制.
该法律明文规定了强制令救济.
传统的侵犯版权的救济是衡平法上的救济.
贷方有诉诸法庭或重新占有汽车两种救济方法.
贷方有诉诸法庭或重新占有汽车两种救济方法.
最常见的普通法上的救济是损害赔偿金.
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