高中语法---动词时态（一）
[p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]第[/font][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]章[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]动词的时态[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]概念[/font][font=Times New Roman]:[/font][font=宋体]时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态[/font][font=Times New Roman].[/font][font=宋体]英语中的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的[/font][font=Times New Roman].[/font][font=宋体]英语有[/font][font=Times New Roman]16[/font][font=宋体]种时态[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]但中学阶段较常用的有十种[/font][font=Times New Roman]:[/font][font=宋体]一般现在时[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]一般过去时[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]一般将来时[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]过去将来时[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]现在进行时[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]过去进行时[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]将来进行时[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]过去完成时[/font][font=Times New Roman],[/font][font=宋体]英在完成时和现在完成进行时[/font][font=Times New Roman]. [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]二[/font][font=Times New Roman].[/font][font=宋体]相关知识点精讲[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]1.[/font][font=宋体]一般现在时的用法[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：[/font][font=Times New Roman] every[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman], sometimes,[/font][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]at[/font][font=宋体]…[/font][font=Times New Roman], on Sunday[/font][font=宋体]。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] I leave home for school at 7 every morning. [/font][font=宋体]每天早上我七点离开家。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]The earth moves around the sun. [/font][font=宋体]地球绕太阳转动。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Shanghai lies in the east of China. [/font][font=宋体]上海位于中国东部。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]表示格言或警句。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Pride goes before a fall.[/font][font=宋体] 骄者必败。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]例：[/font][font=Times New Roman]Columbus proved that the earth is round. [/font][font=宋体]哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]4[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
I don[/font][font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]t want so much. [/font][font=宋体]我不要那么多。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. [/font][font=宋体]安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]比较：[/font][font=Times New Roman]Now I put the sugar in the cup. [/font][font=宋体]把糖放入杯子。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] I am doing my homework now. [/font][font=宋体]我正在做功课。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的[/font][font=Times New Roman]now[/font][font=宋体]是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]2. [/font][font=宋体]一般过去时的用法[/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：[/font][font=Times New Roman]yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982[/font][font=宋体]等。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Where did you go just now? [/font][font=宋体]刚才你上哪儿去了？[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. [/font][font=宋体]我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。 [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][font=宋体]）句型：[/font][font=Times New Roman]It is time for sb. to do sth[/font][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] "[/font][font=宋体]到……时间了[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] "[/font][font=宋体]该……了[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman]It is time for you to go to bed.[/font][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]你该睡觉了。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
It is time that sb. did sth. "[/font][font=宋体]时间已迟了[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] "[/font][font=宋体]早该……了[/font][font=Times New Roman]" [/font][font=宋体]，例如[/font][font=Times New Roman]It is time you went to bed.[/font][font=宋体] 你早该睡觉了。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
would [/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]had[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] rather sb. did sth.[/font][font=宋体] 表示’宁愿某人做某事’。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman]I[/font][font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]d rather you came tomorrow.[/font][font=宋体]还是明天来吧。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]4[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] wish, wonder, think, hope [/font][font=宋体]等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman]I thought you might have some. [/font][font=宋体]我以为你想要一些。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]比较：[/font][font=Times New Roman]Christine was an invalid all her life.[/font][font=宋体]（含义：她已不在人间。）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Christine has been an invalid all her life.[/font][font=宋体]（含义：她现在还活着）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. [/font][font=宋体]（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. [/font][font=宋体]（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]注意：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]）动词[/font][font=Times New Roman]want, hope, wonder, think, intend [/font][font=宋体]等。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] Did you want anything else? [/font][font=宋体]您还要些什么吗？[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] I wondered if you could help me. [/font][font=宋体]能不能帮我一下。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]）情态动词[/font][font=Times New Roman] could, would[/font][font=宋体]。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] Could you lend me your bike? [/font][font=宋体]你的自行车，能借用一些吗？[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]3.[/font][font=宋体]一般将来时[/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]） [/font][font=Times New Roman]shall[/font][font=宋体]用于第一人称，常被[/font][font=Times New Roman]will [/font][font=宋体]所代替。[/font][font=Times New Roman]will [/font][font=宋体]在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Which paragraph shall I read first[/font][font=宋体]？[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]我先读哪一段呢？[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Will you be at home at seven this evening? [/font][font=宋体]今晚七点回家好吗？[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]） [/font][font=Times New Roman]be going to +[/font][font=宋体]不定式，表示将来。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
a. [/font][font=宋体]主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman]What are you going to do tomorrow? [/font][font=宋体]明天打算作什么呢？[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
b. [/font][font=宋体]计划，安排要发生的事。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman]The play is going to be produced next month[/font][font=宋体]。这出戏下月开播。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
c. [/font][font=宋体]有迹象要发生的事。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman]Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. [/font][font=宋体]看那乌云，快要下雨了。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][font=宋体]） [/font][font=Times New Roman]be +[/font][font=宋体]不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.[/font][font=宋体]我们下星期六讨论这份报告。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]4[/font][font=宋体]） [/font][font=Times New Roman] be about to +[/font][font=宋体]不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
He is about to leave for Beijing. [/font][font=宋体]他马上要去北京。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]注意：[/font][font=Times New Roman]be about to do [/font][font=宋体]不能与[/font][font=Times New Roman]tomorrow, next week [/font][font=宋体]等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]4. [/font][font=宋体]一般现在时表将来[/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]）下列动词[/font][font=Times New Roman]come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return[/font][font=宋体]的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. [/font][font=宋体]火车明天上午六点开。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. [/font][font=宋体]汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]）以[/font][font=Times New Roman]here, there[/font][font=宋体]等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. [/font][font=宋体]车来了。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. [/font][font=宋体]铃响了。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][font=宋体]）在时间或条件句中。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] When Bill comes [/font][font=宋体]（不是[/font][font=Times New Roman]will come[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman], ask him to wait for me. [/font][font=宋体]比尔来后，让他等我。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] I[/font][font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. [/font][font=宋体]我到了那里，就写信给你。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]4[/font][font=宋体]）在动词[/font][font=Times New Roman]hope, take care that, make sure that[/font][font=宋体]等的宾语从句中。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] I hope they have a nice time next week. [/font][font=宋体]我希望他们下星期玩得开心。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. [/font][font=宋体]离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]5. [/font][font=宋体]用现在进行时表示将来[/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]下列动词[/font][font=Times New Roman]come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return[/font][font=宋体]等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] I[/font][font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]m leaving tomorrow. [/font][font=宋体]明天我要走了。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] Are you staying here till next week? [/font][font=宋体]你会在这儿呆到下周吗？[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]6. [/font][font=宋体]现在完成时[/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：[/font][font=Times New Roman]have [/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]has[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] +[/font][font=宋体]过去分词。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]7. [/font][font=宋体]比较一般过去时与现在完成时[/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。[/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]一般过去时的时间状语：[/font][font=Times New Roman]yesterday, last week[/font][font=宋体]，…[/font][font=Times New Roman]ago, in1980, in October, just now[/font][font=宋体]等，皆为具体的时间状语。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]现在完成时的时间状语：[/font][font=Times New Roman]for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always[/font][font=宋体]等，皆不确定的时间状语。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]共同的时间状语：[/font][font=Times New Roman]this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately [/font][font=宋体]等。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][font=宋体]）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如[/font][font=Times New Roman]live, teach, learn, work, study, know.[/font][font=宋体]。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有[/font][font=Times New Roman]come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married[/font][font=宋体]等。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]I saw this film yesterday. [/font][font=宋体]（强调看的动作发生过了）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]I have seen this film. [/font][font=宋体]（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Why did you get up so early? [/font][font=宋体]（强调起床的动作已发生过了）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Who hasn[/font][font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]t handed in his paper? [/font][font=宋体]（强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]He has been in the League for three years. [/font][font=宋体]（在团内的状态可延续）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]He has been a League member for three years. [/font][font=宋体]（是团员的状态可持续）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如[/font][font=Times New Roman]yesterday, last, week, in 1960[/font][font=宋体]）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]（错）[/font][font=Times New Roman]Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]（对）[/font][font=Times New Roman]Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]8. [/font][font=宋体]用于现在完成时的句型[/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]It is the first / second time.... that[/font][font=宋体]…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]It is the first time that I have visited the city. [/font][font=宋体]这是我第一次访问这城市。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]This is the first time [/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]that[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] I[/font][font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]ve heard him sing.[/font][font=宋体] 这是我第一次听他唱歌。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]注意：[/font][font=Times New Roman]It was the third time that the boy had been late.
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]This is +[/font][font=宋体]形容词最高级[/font][font=Times New Roman]+that[/font][font=宋体]…结构，[/font][font=Times New Roman]that [/font][font=宋体]从句要用现在完成时。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]This is the best film that I[/font][font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]ve [/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]ever[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] seen. [/font][font=宋体]这是我看过的最好的电影。 [/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]9.[/font][font=宋体]过去完成时[/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]概念：表示过去的过去[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]----|----------|--------|----> [/font][font=宋体]其构成是[/font][font=Times New Roman]had +[/font][font=宋体]过去分词构成。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]那时以前 [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]那时 [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]现在 [/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]用法[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
a. [/font][font=宋体]在[/font][font=Times New Roman]told, said, knew, heard, thought[/font][font=宋体]等动词后的宾语从句。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
She said [/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]that[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]she had never been to Paris. [/font][font=宋体]她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
b. [/font][font=宋体]状语从句[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. [/font][font=宋体]警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
c. [/font][font=宋体]表示意向的动词，如[/font][font=Times New Roman]hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose[/font][font=宋体]等，用过去完成时表示[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]原本…，未能…[/font][font=Times New Roman]"[/font][font=宋体]。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn[/font][font=宋体]’[/font][font=Times New Roman]t. [/font][font=宋体]那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][font=宋体]） 过去完成时的时间状语[/font][font=Times New Roman]before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as[/font][font=宋体]。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
He said that he had learned some English before. [/font][font=宋体]他说过他以前学过一些英语。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. [/font][font=宋体]到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]10. [/font][font=宋体]用一般过去时代替过去完成时[/font][font=Times New Roman]
[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用[/font][font=Times New Roman]then[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman]and[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman]but [/font][font=宋体]等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
When she saw the mouse[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman]she screamed. [/font][font=宋体]她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. [/font][font=宋体]姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]2 [/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
When I heard the news, I was very excited. [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]3[/font][font=宋体]） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.[/font][/color][/p]
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