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觉醒ing 发表于 2011-12-4 11:58

语法精讲——定语从句(三)

[p=30, 2, center][size=4][color=black][b]定语从句[/b][/color][/size][/p]
[size=4][color=black][b]第三篇 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句[/b][/color][/size]
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[color=black]     定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的部分,对先行词起限定修饰作用,若去掉主句意思不完整;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加部分,对先行词起补充说明作用,若去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间常用逗号隔开。[/color]
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[color=indigo]<一>如何判断一个句子是限制性的还是非限制性的[/color]
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[color=#000000][size=10.5pt]1) [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]当先行词带有[color=red]表示类别的不定冠词[/color]时,其后的关系分句通常为限制性定语从句,例如:[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]  She was [color=red]a woman[/color] who must be treated decently.(限制性)[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]  He spoke to me in [color=red]a tone[/color] which I don't at all like.(限制性)[/size][/font][/color]
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[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]2)当先行词带有前照应[color=red]定冠词[/color]时,其后的关系分句通常也为限制性的,例如:[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]  He is [color=red]the man[/color] who told me the news.(限制性)[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]  This is [color=red]the car[/color] I bought last year.(限制性)[/size][/font][/color]
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[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]3)当先行词带有[color=red]all,any,some,every,no等不定限定词[/color]时,其后的关系分句也通常是限制性的,例如:[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]  The first flame from Rainbarrow sprang into the sky ,attracting [color=red]all eyes[/color] that had been fixed on the distant conflagration.  (限制性)[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]  [color=red]Any man[/color] who smokes cigarettes is, the doctors say, risking his health.(限制性)[/size][/font][/color]
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[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt]4) [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]当先行词是[color=red]专有名词或物主代词和指示代词[/color]所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:[/size][/font][/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]  [size=10.5pt]Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. [/size][/size][/font][/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt]    [font=宋体][size=10.5pt]查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。(非限制性)[/size][/font][/size][/size][/font][/size][/font][/color]
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[/size][/size][/font]  [size=10.5pt]This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. [/size][/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt]    [font=宋体][size=10.5pt]这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。(非限制性)[/size][/font][/size][/size][/font][/color]
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[font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=indigo]<二>限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别[/color][/size][/font][/size][/size][/font]
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[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=red]1)含义不同([/color]具体见篇首)[/size][/font][/size][/size][/font][/color]
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[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][color=red]2)先行词不同[/color]。限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词;非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、短语或句子,另外当先行词是专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时通常要用非限制性定语从句,例如:[/size][/font][/size][/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [size=10.5pt]Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。[/size][/font][size=10.5pt](which[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]指[/size][/font][size=10.5pt]drive too fast)[/size][/size][/font][/size][/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt]  [size=10.5pt]He changed his mind, which made me very angry. [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]他改变了主意,这使我很生气。[/size][/font][size=10.5pt](which[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]指整个主句[/size][/font][size=10.5pt])[/size][/size][/size][/font][/size][/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt]  [size=10.5pt]Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。[/size][/font][size=10.5pt]([/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰[/size][/font][size=10.5pt]) [/size][/size][/size][/size][/font][/size][/size][/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt]  [size=10.5pt]Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。[/size][/font][size=10.5pt]([/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰[/size][/font][size=10.5pt])[/size][/size][/size][/size][/size][/font][/size][/size][/font][/color]
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[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][color=red]3)关系词不完全相同。[/color]that 和why 一般只能用于限制性定语从句,另外在限制性定语从句中关系词有时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一概不可以省略。[/size][/size][/size][/size][/size][/font][/size][/size][/font][/color]
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[color=#000000][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][font=宋体][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][size=10.5pt][color=red]4)形式不同。[/color]限制性定语从句中,主句和从句一般不用逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句主句和从句需要用逗号隔开[/size][/size][/size][/size][/size][/font][/size][/size][/font][/color]
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