备考指示代词六注意
[p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]英语中常见的指示代词虽然只有[/font]this, that, these, those[font=宋体]这四个，但由于命题者在设题往往将它们与其他的知识点结合起来进行考查，所以这个看似容易的考点也往往令同学们很头痛。本文为大家归纳了备考指示代词的五个注意点，希望对大家的学习和备考有所有帮助。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left]■[color=#000000][font=宋体][b]注意区分指示代词与形式主语（宾语）[/b][/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]对于选项中既有指示代词也有形式主语或形式宾语的考题，同学们可以这样考虑：若要选形式主语或形式宾语，那么一定能从句中找到真正的主语（如动名词、不定式、从句等），否则就考虑选用指示代词。请看下面两道高考题：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]1.[/b][color=#000000] ______ felt funny watching myself on TV. (2007[font=宋体]全国[/font]II)[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]A.[/b][color=#000000] One[/color][b] B.[/b][color=#000000] This[/color][b] C.[/b][color=#000000] It[b] D.[/b] That[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]此题答案选[/font]C[font=宋体]。[/font]it[font=宋体]为形式主语，句子真正的主语是[/font]watching myself on TV[font=宋体]。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]2.[/b][color=#000000] He didn’t make ______ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (2007[font=宋体]天津卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]A.[/b][color=#000000] this [b] B.[/b] that [/color][b] C.[/b][color=#000000] it [b] D.[/b] these[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]此题答案选[/font]C[font=宋体]。[/font]it[font=宋体]为形式宾语，句子真正的宾语是[/font]when and where the meeting would be held[font=宋体]。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left]■[font=宋体][color=#000000][b]注意区分指示代词与关系代词[/b][/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]对于选项中既有指示代词又有关系代词的考题，同学们可以这样考虑：若两个句子间有连词（尤其是并列连词[/font]and[font=宋体]或[/font]but[font=宋体]）连接，则应考试用指示代词，否则就应考虑使用关系代词。请看以下高考题：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]1.[/b][color=#000000] He is always really rude, ______ is why people tend to avoid him.[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]A.[/b][color=#000000] that[/color][b] B.[/b][color=#000000] it[/color][b] C.[/b][color=#000000] this[/color][b] D.[/b][color=#000000] which[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]此题容易误选[/font] A[font=宋体]，因为[/font] that’s why…[font=宋体]是一个常用结构，同学们极易受此影响而选错，当然若此句的空格前有连词[/font] and [font=宋体]或其前的逗号改为分号，则完全可选[/font]that[font=宋体]（分别构成并列句或两个独立的简单句）。此题的最佳答案是[/font] D[font=宋体]，句子后半部为一个非限制性定语从句，[/font]which [font=宋体]指[/font] He is always really rude. [font=宋体]另外请比较以下两题（注意连词的有无）：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]2.[/b][color=#000000] Tom’s mother always told him not to smoke again, but _____ didn’t help.[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]A.[/b][color=#000000] he[/color][b] B.[/b][color=#000000] it[/color][b] C.[/b][color=#000000] which[/color][b] D.[/b][color=#000000] as [/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]此题答案要选[/font]B[font=宋体]，[/font]it[font=宋体]指前面提到的情况。由于句中用了并列连词[/font] but[font=宋体]，所以不能选[/font]C[font=宋体]。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left]■[color=#000000][b][font=宋体]注意[/font][/b][b]those who[/b][font=宋体][b]的用法[/b][/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]those who[font=宋体]中的[/font]who[font=宋体]为关系代词，用以引导定语从句，其意为[/font]“……[font=宋体]的那些人[/font]”[font=宋体]。如：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]Those who do not wish to go need not go. [font=宋体]不愿去的人不需要去。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]We kept seats for those who might arrive late. [font=宋体]我们给可能来晚的人留了座位。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]Let us spend a few moments in silence so that we remember those who died to preserve our freedom. [font=宋体]让我们默哀片刻，以缅怀那些为维护我们的自由而牺牲了的人们。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]At the beginning the whole party kept together but by the end of the day those who were less fit had fallen behind. [font=宋体]起初全体人员都在一起，但到了晚间身体不够强壮的人就落后了。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left]■[color=#000000][b][font=宋体]注意[/font][/b][b]that which[/b][font=宋体][b]的用法[/b][/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]that which[font=宋体]中的[/font]which[font=宋体]为关系代词，用以引导定语从句，其意为“……的事或物”，这是一种比较正式的用法，它通常可以用[/font]what[font=宋体]代之。如：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]That which (=What) many people say is not always true. [font=宋体]很多人说的话并不表示一定是真的。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]That which (=What) I say and do is my own affair. [font=宋体]我说什么做什么是我自己的事。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. [font=宋体]据说唯一真实的知识是可以检验的知识。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left]■[color=#000000][b][font=宋体]注意[/font][/b][b]that[/b][font=宋体][b]的替代词用法[/b][/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]指示代词[/font]that[font=宋体]有时可用作替代词，用来代表前已提过的事物，以避免重复，如：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. [font=宋体]祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A dog’s intelligence is much greater than that of a cat. [font=宋体]狗的智慧比猫的高得多。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]The dialect in one town may he quite different from that of the next town. [font=宋体]一个城镇的方言可能与另一个城镇很不相同。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]The weather of Beijing is just as cold as that of Lanzhou, but colder than that of Shanghai. [font=宋体]北京的气候和兰州一样冷，但比上海冷。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left]■[color=#000000][b]注意[/b][font=宋体][b]that, this[/b][b]用作副词[/b][/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]指示代词有时可用作副词，其用法与[/font]so[font=宋体]相似。如：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]It isn’t all that cold. [font=宋体]还没冷到那种程度。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]It’s about this high. [font=宋体]约摸这样高。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]Is it this hot every day? [font=宋体]每天都这样热吗[/font]?[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]I didn’t think it would be this easy. [font=宋体]我没想到会这样容易。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]I didn’t realize she was that ill. [font=宋体]我没想到她病得那么重。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]The book is about this thick. [font=宋体]那本书大约有这么厚。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]When you pay that much for a meal you expect the best. [font=宋体]一顿饭花那么多钱是想吃到最好的东西。[/font][/color][/p] Success awaits those who work hard.:qq63] [b]回复 [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=534509&ptid=270467]2#[/url] [i]觉醒ing[/i] [/b]Maybe we are the one!:qq62]
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