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小尾巴猪 发表于 2012-1-14 09:59

2012高考词语辨析第一轮复习 ——形容词(1)

形容词1.actual / real / true
actual:实际的,现实的。例如:
例575:Could you offer us the actual figures? (您能否为我们提供实际的数字?)
real:真的。与“假的”相对。指物品的外表与实质一致,不是仿造或模型之类的东西。例如:
例576:Give your real name.
例577:Was it a real man you saw or a ghost? (你看到的是真的人还是鬼魂?)
true:真实的,真诚的,真正的。指现实中存在的而不是想象或虚构的东西,多用来修饰抽象名词。例如:
例578:I don’t think what he has said is true.
例579:They are true friends.
例580:He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
例581:Is it true that the plastic model in your shop is as big as a real girl?
(你商店里的塑料模特与真实的女孩一样大是真的吗?)
例582:It’s a true story, based on actual events.  (这是个基于现实的真实故事。)
2.afraid / fearful
afraid:害怕,担心。是形容词;be afraid to do表示“害怕”,be afraid of doing表示“担心”,be afraid (that) …表示“恐怕,担心”。例如:
例583:Don’t be afraid.
例584:The boy was afraid to get close to the dog, for he was afraid of being bitten.
例585:I’m afraid we shall be late for school.
fearful:害怕的,担心的。fear是动词或名词;动词与be afraid往往可以通用,但不如be afraid常用。例如:
例586:We fear no difficulty.
例587:He feared to speak his mind. (他不敢说出他的想法。)
例588:Fearing that he would catch cold, I went out to see him.(担心他会着凉,我出去看他。)
例589:I fear it’s not so. (恐怕不是这样。)
例590:She stood there in fear.
3.alike / similar
alike:意指“几乎同样”,常用作表语,不可直接放在名词前面。例如:
例591:Mary and Ann are alike in many ways.
例592:All music is alike to Tom. (各种音乐在汤姆听来都一样。暗指没有鉴赏力。)
similar:指在很多方面相似,但不是全部;be similar to与……相似。例如:
例593:We have similar tastes in music. (我们对音乐有类似的鉴赏力。)
例594:Tom’s voice is very similar to his brother’s.
4.alive / living / live
alive:还活着的。只当表语或后置定语。例如:
例595:The driver remained alive after the terrible accident.
例596:Is he the only person alive after the crash?
living:有生命的。例如:
例597:There are all kinds of living things on the earth.
live:活的(相对于已死的,常用来修饰动物);现场的。例如:
例598:Look! There lies a live fish in the basin.
例599:It was a live broadcast. (这是现场直播。)
5.all / whole / total
all:所有的。常用于the,that,物主代词或数词之前。修饰可数名词时,指“三个或三个以上都……”;也可用来修饰可数名词的单数形式或不可数名词,指“整个的”。例如:
例600:Will all the girls please stand over there?
例601:All the apples were eaten. (所有的苹果都给吃了。)
例602:All the apple was eaten. (整个苹果都给吃了。)
例603:All the milk was drunk. (全部的牛奶都给喝了。)
例604:Not all the food was shipped from the south. (并非所有的食物都是从南方运来的。)
whole:整个的,全体的(其前加the或形容词性的物主代词等,修饰单数名词);整整的(其前常加表示整数的数词,修饰复数名词);完整的,齐全的,无缺的,无损的。例如:
例605:The whole apple was eaten. (整个苹果都给吃了。)
例606:Five whole apples were eaten. (整整五个苹果都给吃了。)
例607:The dish is still whole for all the shocks. (虽然受了很多震动,盘子依然无损。)
total:完全的,总的。例如:
例608:After that, there came a moment of total silence. (随后一片寂静。)
例609:What are your total debts?
6.alone / lonely
alone:单独的(多作表语或状语)。lonely:孤独的,寂寞的;荒凉的(多作定语或表语)。例如:
例610:At that time he lived alone on the lonely island. Though he was alone, he did not feel lonely. In fact, he enjoyed his life there. (当时他孤身一人住在荒岛上。尽管他孤独一人,可他并没有感到寂寞。实际上,他很喜欢那里的生活。)
7.anxious / eager
anxious:渴望的,焦虑的。含有未知结果如何,有些为之担心的意味。例如:
例611:I am anxious about his health; he often works overtime.
例612:The girl is anxious for a new dictionary.
例613:She was anxious to know the result of the exam, as she left at least three questions undone. (她急着想知道考试结果,因为她至少有三道题没做。)
eager:渴望的,热切的。着重指渴望什么或渴望做什么的热情或迫切心情。例如:
例614:They are eager for success.
例615:He is eager to join the Party.
例616:I was eager to get back to work as soon as possible. (我渴望尽早回来工作。)
8.asleep / sleepy / sleeping
asleep:睡着的。表示状态,只当表语或后置定语。fall asleep表动作。例如:
例617:The baby is now asleep.
例618:She did not fall asleep until daybreak. (她到拂晓才入睡。)
sleepy:困的,欲睡的。例如:
例619:The baby is sleepy; its head is nodding.
sleeping:睡觉的。表示正在睡觉的动作。例如:
例620:Don’t shout! You may wake up the sleeping baby.
9.big / great / large
big:大的。常用词语,也较口语化。例如:
例621:I’ve caught a big fish.
例622:He is a big boy now.
large:大的,巨大的。也是常用词语,但不如big口语化。例如:
例623:Our factory is a large one.
例624:A large number of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.
great:大的,伟大的,重要的。常带有感情色彩。例如:
例625:The Chinese people are a great people.
例626:His research has been of great practical value. (他的研究很有实用价值。)
10.bright / clever / wise
bright:聪明的,伶俐的。尤指青少年和小孩。例如:
例627:His teacher said he was not bright and not worth teaching.
clever:聪明的,机敏的。可指人,也可指动物。例如:
例628:What a clever boy / monkey!
wise:聪明的,明智的,英明的。可指人、行为、语言、计划等。例如:
例629:A wise person is one who has much knowledge and the ability to use it well.
(英明的人是指一个知识丰富并有能力运用好这些知识的人。)
例630:Lincoln is considered to be a wise leader.
例631:It’s generally considered not wise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
(通常认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。)

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