有关非谓语动词的11个重要考点
[p=30, 2, left][b]一、考查不定式、现在分词与过去分词的基本区别[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]从时间关系上看，不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成，同时注意不定式和现在分词的完成式也表完成[/font]([font=宋体]尤其是表示有明显的先后关系的完成[/font])[font=宋体]；从主动与被动来看，不定式和现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，同时注意不定式和现在分词的被动式也表被动[/font]([font=宋体]不定式的被动式在表被动的同时还兼表未来，现在分词的被动式表被动的同时还兼表进行[/font])[font=宋体]。如：[/font] [/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _____ in a year. (2005[font=宋体]湖南卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed [/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] C[font=宋体]。动词不定式表示未来的动作。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]2. _____from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. (2005[font=宋体]湖北卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. Being separated B. Having separated [/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]C. Having been separated D. To be separated[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] C[font=宋体]。因为[/font]Australia[font=宋体]与[/font]separate[font=宋体]是被动关系，且[/font]separate[font=宋体]发生在谓语动词[/font]has[font=宋体]之前，所以用现在分词的完成被动式作原因状语。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]二、考查非谓语动词的主动式与被动式[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=宋体][color=#000000]结合句子意思，考察非谓语动词与相应逻辑主语的关系，若为主动关系，用主动式；若为被动关系，用被动式。此时要特别注意，过去分词没有相应的被动式，因为它本身可以表示被动。如：[/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]1. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well_____. (2005[font=宋体]湖北卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font]B[font=宋体]。因[/font]money[font=宋体]与[/font]spend[font=宋体]是被动关系，所以用过去分词。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]2. The prize of the game show is[font=宋体]＄[/font]30000 and an all expenses _____ vacation to China. (2005[font=宋体]北京卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid [/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font]B[font=宋体]。因[/font]all expenses[font=宋体]与[/font]pay[font=宋体]是被动关系，故用过去分词。注意句中的[/font]an [font=宋体]不是修饰[/font] expenses[font=宋体]，而是修饰[/font]vacation[font=宋体]。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]3. When _____help, one often says, “Thank you.” Or “It’s kind of you.” (2005[font=宋体]福建卷[/font]) [/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] D[font=宋体]。因一个人说[/font]“[font=宋体]谢谢[/font]”[font=宋体]，应当是他被提供了帮助，所以要用过去分词，[/font]When offered help… =When he is offered help…[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]三、考查非谓语动词完成式的用法[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]非谓语动词[/font]([font=宋体]不定式、动名词和现在分词[/font])[font=宋体]的完成式主要表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。做题时要注意根据题干所提供的语境来推断这种先后关系。如：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]1. The storm left, _____a lot of damage to this area. (2005[font=宋体]全国卷[/font]I)[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font]D[font=宋体]。因[/font]The storm[font=宋体]与[/font]cause[font=宋体]是主动关系，排除选项[/font]A[font=宋体]；不定式作状语，前面通常不用逗号，排除[/font]B[font=宋体]和[/font]C[font=宋体]；因暴风雨给这个地区[/font]“[font=宋体]造成损失[/font]”[font=宋体]是在[/font]“[font=宋体]结束[/font]”[font=宋体]之前，所以用完成式。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left]2. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____[font=宋体] [/font]advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (2005[font=宋体]上海卷[/font])[/p][p=30, 2, left]A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken[/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] A[/color][font=宋体]。因[/font]people[font=宋体]与[/font]take advantage of[font=宋体]是主动关系，排除选项[/font]B[font=宋体]和[/font]D[font=宋体]；[/font]take[font=宋体]不会发生在谓语[/font]are signing up[font=宋体]之前，不用完成式，排除[/font]C[font=宋体]。[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]四、考查非谓语动词用作伴随状语[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=宋体][color=#000000]在通常情况下，表伴随情况的应用现在分词。如：[/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _____away. (2005[font=宋体]全国卷[/font]III)[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. run B. running C. to run D. ran[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font]B[font=宋体]。现在分词作伴随状语。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left]2. He glanced over at her, ______ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. [color=#000000](2005[font=宋体]广东卷[/font][/color])[/p][p=30, 2, left]A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted[/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] A[/color][font=宋体]。因为[/font]he[font=宋体]与[/font]note[font=宋体]是主谓关系，且[/font]note[font=宋体]与谓语动词[/font]glanced[font=宋体]的动作同时发生，所以用现在分词的一般式作伴随状语。[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]3. Daddy didn’t mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _____fun. (2005[font=宋体]重庆卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. had B. have C. to have D. having[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] D[font=宋体]。用现在分词表伴随情况。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]说明：有时过去分词也可表伴随[/font]([font=宋体]注意过去分词同时还表被动关系[/font])[font=宋体]，但高考很少考查此用法。如：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]He came in, followed by his wife. [font=宋体]他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]五、考查非谓语动词用作目的状语[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=宋体][color=#000000]在通常情况下，用作目的状语只能是不定式。如：[/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]1. “Can the project be finished as planned?” “Sure, _____it completed in time, we’ll work two more hours a day.” (2005[font=宋体]福建卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] B[font=宋体]。作目的状语只能用动词不定式。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]2. ____ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. (2005[font=宋体]浙江卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] A[font=宋体]。作目的状语要用动词不定式。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left]3. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _____a look at the sports stars. (2005[font=宋体]上海卷[/font])[/p][p=30, 2, left]A. had B. having C. to have D. have[/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] C[/color][font=宋体]。[/font]“[font=宋体]看看体育明星[/font]”[font=宋体]是[/font]“[font=宋体]在体育馆外等三个小时[/font]”[font=宋体]的目的，作目的状语只能用动词不定式。[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]六、考查非谓语动词用作结果状语[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]1. [font=宋体]用现在分词表结果。如：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]He fired, killing one of the passers-by. [font=宋体]他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _____a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005[font=宋体]山东卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font]B[font=宋体]。伴随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，用现在分词作结果状语。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]2. [font=宋体]用不定式表结果。如：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]He returned home to find his wife waiting for him. [font=宋体]他回到家发现他的妻子在等他。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left]He hurried to the station only ______ that the train had left.[color=#000000] (2005[font=宋体]广东卷[/font][/color])[/p][p=30, 2, left]A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found[/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] A[/color][font=宋体]。因为[/font]only to do[font=宋体]是习语，意为[/font]“[font=宋体]结果却，不料[/font]”[font=宋体]，[/font]hurried[font=宋体]和[/font]find[font=宋体]是先后发生的两个动作。[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]七、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=宋体][color=#000000]原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。如：[/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]1. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise_____. (2005[font=宋体]北京卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font]A[font=宋体]。作[/font]with[font=宋体]的宾语的补足语要用非谓语动词，排除选项[/font]B[font=宋体]和[/font]C[font=宋体]；与谓语动作同时发生用现在分词作宾语补足语，排除表示将来的不定式选项[/font]D[font=宋体]。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it _____often enough (2005[font=宋体]天津卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained [/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font]D[font=宋体]。宾语[/font]it[font=宋体]与[/font]explain[font=宋体]是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，[/font]have sth done[font=宋体]意为[/font]“[font=宋体]请人做某事[/font]”[font=宋体]。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]八、考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=宋体][color=#000000]按照英语习惯，非谓语动词的逻辑主语应与句子一致，否则就应调整句子结构。如：[/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]While watching television, _____. (2005[font=宋体]全国卷[/font]III)[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. the door bell rang B. the doorbell rings[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font]C[font=宋体]。因为[/font]watching[font=宋体]的逻辑主语一定是[/font]we[font=宋体]，排除选项[/font]A[font=宋体]和[/font]B[font=宋体]；又因在[/font]hear[font=宋体]后作宾语补足语的是省略了[/font]to[font=宋体]的不定式，所以选项[/font]D[font=宋体]中的[/font]rings[font=宋体]是错误的。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]九、考查非谓语动词用作主语的问题[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=宋体][color=#000000]原则上说，动词用作主语，只能是不定式或动名词，不能是分词形式。这类考题命题还往往用动词原形作为干扰项进行考查，同学们做题需引起注意。如：[/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview; _____the answers ready will be of great help. (2005[font=宋体]北京卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font]D[font=宋体]。动名词短语用作主语。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]十、考查[/b][b]“(be +) [/b][b]过去分词[/b][b]+[/b][b]介词[/b][b]”[/b][b]结构[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]有一类[/font]“be+[font=宋体]过去分词[/font]+[font=宋体]介词[/font]”[font=宋体]结构，如[/font]be interested in, be worried about, be lost in, be dressed in [font=宋体]等，也往往是命题的热点。如：[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]1. _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. (2005[font=宋体]江苏卷[/font]) [/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] B[font=宋体]。因表示[/font]“[font=宋体]迷路于[/font]”[font=宋体]是[/font]lose oneself in[font=宋体]，题中没有[/font]oneself, [font=宋体]所以[/font]the two students[font=宋体]与[/font]lose[font=宋体]是被动关系，应该用过去分词作状语。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]2. _____ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. (2005[font=宋体]湖南卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed [/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] A[font=宋体]。由[/font]dress[font=宋体]的宾语一定是人或[/font]oneself[font=宋体]可知，[/font]dress[font=宋体]与[/font]he[font=宋体]是动宾关系，即[/font]he[font=宋体]与[/font]dress[font=宋体]是被动关系，要用过去分词作状语，[/font]Dressed in …=As he is dressed in … [/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][b]十一、非谓语动词的综合考查[/b][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=宋体][color=#000000]有时命题者会将多个知识点综合起来进行考查，如在考查被动式的同时兼考完成式，在考查不定式的同时兼考分词，等等。如：[/color][/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]1. I don’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair. (2005[font=宋体]天津卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] A[font=宋体]。表示[/font]“[font=宋体]想要做某事[/font]”want[font=宋体]后只能接[/font]to do[font=宋体]，排除选项[/font]C[font=宋体]；[/font]sound like[font=宋体]中[/font]sound[font=宋体]是系动词，属不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，排除选项[/font]B[font=宋体]；[/font]sound [font=宋体]发生在[/font]want[font=宋体]后，故不用完成式，排除选项[/font]D[font=宋体]。[/font][/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]2. “Is Bob still performing?” “I’m afraid not. He is said _____ the stage already as he has become an official.” (2005[font=宋体]江苏卷[/font])[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000]A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left[/color][/p][p=30, 2, left][color=#000000][font=宋体]分析：答案选[/font] A[font=宋体]。因[/font]he[font=宋体]与[/font]leave[font=宋体]是主动关系，不用被动式，排除选项[/font]C[font=宋体]和[/font]D[font=宋体]；由[/font]already[font=宋体]可知，要用完成式。[/font][/color][/p] 高考的同学 好好学习吧！ [b]回复 [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=644608&ptid=348326]2#[/url] [i]kobe[/i] [/b]:qq82]
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