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x-ace 发表于 2009-11-26 13:57

刘宗华:短文改错解题技巧点拨及实例分析

[align=center][align=center][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]        NMET[/font][font=宋体]试题中的短文改错对大多数考生来说,难度较大,它不仅要考查考生的阅读理解能力,而且还要考查考生在阅读中识别各种语言错误的能力。但若考生掌握了正确的解题方法,并通过适当的练习,短文改错也会变得容易。下面笔者结合自己的教学实践,谈谈短文改错的解题技巧,以期对同学们备考有所帮助。[/font][/color][/align][/align][font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]1.
[/color][/font][font=宋体][color=#000000]通读全文,掌握其大意[/color][/font]
[font=宋体][color=#000000]语篇是判断正误和改正错误的依据。因此,通读短文,弄清短文的体裁、题材、论点、论据、中心思想以及所述故事发生的时间、地点、原因、结果以及人物关系,是做好短文改错必不可少的第一步。只有弄清这些具体内容,才能领会短文的大意;只有在掌握了短文大意的基础上,结合语法、固定搭配、习惯用语等知识,才能对每句每行作出正确的判断。如果一拿起短文就逐字找错,势必脱离语境,不但错误找不准,改不好,甚至把对当错,把对改错,弄成“改错改错,越改越错”的被动局面。[/color][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]2.
[/color][/font][font=宋体][color=#000000]结合语篇,逐句逐行分析,寻找并改正错误[/color][/font]
[font=宋体][color=#000000]在掌握短文大意的基础上,从语法知识、词的用法及搭配、短文细节、语篇结构、行文逻辑等多方面、多角度来逐句逐行进行分析和推理,看句子结构是否完整,语句是否通畅,语句之间的连接是否恰当,词语搭配是否正确,是否符合习惯用法,然后再运用这些方面的知识对寻找出来的错误予以准确的改正。值得注意的是,在分析、寻找错误时,不能只孤立地推敲某一行,因为有时一个句子可能由两行、三行或更多行组成,只有结合上下文,弄清全句的意思,才能对该行作出符合短文大意的正确判断。[/color][/font]
[font=Times New Roman][color=#000000]3.
[/color][/font][font=宋体][color=#000000]再读全文,仔细复查,验证答案[/color][/font]
[font=宋体][color=#000000]完成第二步之后,还应把所改正的答案带入短文中,通读全文,进一步体会短文的含义,凭借语感和语言知识,认真推敲每一个改正答案,若有不妥之处,还需重新修改所做答案,直到满意为止。[/color][/font]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]下面是[/font][font=Times New Roman]NMET2003[/font][font=宋体]年高考短文改错试题,请大家按照上述三个步骤来做,然后再看解析及参考答案。[/font][/color]
[size=9pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]When I first learned to write in English, I ran into many


76. ________[/font][/color][/size]
[size=9pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]difficulties. The main problem was in that I always thought
77. ______[/font][/color][/size]
[size=9pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.

78. ______[/font][/color][/size]
[size=9pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her

79. ______[/font][/color][/size]
[size=9pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.

80. ______[/font][/color][/size]
[size=9pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was

81.______[/font][/color][/size]
[size=9pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]learning to express me in simple English. One day I wrote
82. _____[/font][/color][/size]
[size=9pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]a little story and showed to my teacher. She liked it

83. _____[/font][/color][/size]
[size=9pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was
84. ______[/font][/color][/size]
[size=9pt][color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me.
85. ______[/font][/color][/size]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]解析:该篇短文改错共有[/font][font=Times New Roman]9[/font][font=宋体]句,现逐句分析如下:[/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]第一句,该句是一含有[/font][font=Times New Roman]when[/font][font=宋体]从句的复合句,比较容易判断[/font][font=Times New Roman]when[/font][font=宋体]从句是没有错误的,考生容易对“[/font][font=Times New Roman]ran into[/font][font=宋体]”,“[/font][font=Times New Roman]many difficulties[/font][font=宋体]”[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]产生怀疑。其实,两者都是正确的。“[/font][font=Times New Roman]ran into[/font][font=宋体]”相当于“[/font][font=Times New Roman]fell into[/font][font=宋体]”,意为“陷入”。[/font][font=Times New Roman]difficulty [/font][font=宋体]表示“难做的事”时,是可数名词。[/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]第二句是“主系表”结构,该句中有两处错误。第一处是介词使用错误,系动词“[/font][font=Times New Roman]was[/font][font=宋体]”后面的介词“[/font][font=Times New Roman]in[/font][font=宋体]”是多余的,因为该句表示的含义是“主要问题是[/font][font=Times New Roman]……[/font][font=宋体]”,而不是“主要问题在于[/font][font=Times New Roman]……[/font][font=宋体]”。第二处是不定代词“[/font][font=Times New Roman]anything[/font][font=宋体]”使用错误,用“[/font][font=Times New Roman]everything[/font][font=宋体]”代替“[/font][font=Times New Roman]anything[/font][font=宋体]”更准确。[/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]第三句中的“[/font][font=Times New Roman]keep my diary[/font][font=宋体]”与全文的语意不符合,应将“[/font][font=Times New Roman]my[/font][font=宋体]”改为“[/font][font=Times New Roman]a[/font][font=宋体]”,“[/font][font=Times New Roman]keep a diary[/font][font=宋体]”的意思才是“写日记”。[/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]第四句中的“[/font][font=Times New Roman]should”[/font][font=宋体]与句意不符合,应去掉。[/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]第五句中有两处错误。[/font][font=Times New Roman]enjoy[/font][font=宋体]后应接[/font][font=Times New Roman]v-ing, [/font][font=宋体]所以应将“[/font][font=Times New Roman]talk[/font][font=宋体]”改为“[/font][font=Times New Roman]talking[/font][font=宋体]”。[/font][font=Times New Roman]express [/font][font=宋体]的宾语是主语本身,应用其反身代词做宾语,所以应将“[/font][font=Times New Roman]me[/font][font=宋体]”改为“[/font][font=Times New Roman]myself[/font][font=宋体]”。[/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]第六句中的谓语动词“[/font][font=Times New Roman]showed[/font][font=宋体]”之后缺少宾语。从句意不难发现“给我老师看的是”前面提到的“我写的一个小故事”,所以应在“[/font][font=Times New Roman]showed[/font][font=宋体]”后添加代词“[/font][font=Times New Roman]it[/font][font=宋体]”,代替其前的“[/font][font=Times New Roman]a little story[/font][font=宋体]”。[/font][/color]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]第七句的谓语是“[/font][font=Times New Roman]A and B[/font][font=宋体]”模式,即并列谓语。所以应将“[/font][font=Times New Roman]reads[/font][font=宋体]”改为“[/font][font=Times New Roman]read[/font][font=宋体]”[/font][font=Times New Roman].[/font][/color]
[font=宋体][color=#000000]第八句没有错。[/color][/font]
[color=#000000][font=宋体]第九句中的“[/font][font=Times New Roman]word[/font][font=宋体]”应改为“[/font][font=Times New Roman]words[/font][font=宋体]”,指大家对“我”所写故事的各种评语。[/font][/color]
[font=宋体][color=#000000]参考答案:[/color][/font]
[color=#000000][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]76. [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]√[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]
77. [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]刪去[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]in
78. anything[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]改为[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]everything
79. my [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]改为[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman] a[/font][/size][/color]
[color=#000000][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]80. [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]刪去[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]should
81. talk[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]改为[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]talking
82. me[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]改为[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]myself[/font][/size][/color]
[color=#000000][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]83. [/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]在[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]showed[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]后加[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]it
84. reads[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]改为[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]read
85. word[/font][/size][font=宋体][size=9pt]改为[/size][/font][size=9pt][font=Times New Roman]words[/font][/size][/color]
[font=Times New Roman][color=#000000] [/color][/font]
[color=#000000][font=Times New Roman]       [/font][font=宋体](作者地址:[/font][font=Times New Roman]621000
[/font][font=宋体]四川绵阳普明中学[/font][font=Times New Roman], email: [email]Glen868@sina.com[/email][/font][font=宋体])[/font][/color]

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