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lkjj 发表于 2009-12-17 09:34

12月17日语法练习:there be

[b]今日语法[/b]:[color=red]there be[/color]结构的分析与理解


■there be结构在英语里是一种常见的特殊句子结构。它以引词there(由副词there变来)开首,后常接动词be的各种形式,再后才是主语,主语之后又常有表地点和时间的状语。它像是一种倒装句,但又非倒装句,因为这种“倒装”已成为一种自然的词序。这种结构中的there本身无词义,其后的动词be具有“存在”之意,所以是一实义动词。
[color=red]■基本用例:[/color]
[color=red]There is a garden behind the house. 房子后面有一座花园。[/color]
[color=red]There is nothing but clothing in this cupboard. 这个柜子里只有衣服。[/color]
[color=red]There is a telephone box on the comer. 在拐弯处有一个电话间。[/color]
[color=red]If there is any problem, let me know. 如果有什么问题可以通知我。[/color]
[color=red]There is only one person I could approach. 只有一个人我可以去找[/color]

注意下面一句:
[color=red]There was a dog there. 那里有一条狗。[/color]
[color=red]There is a bus-stop just there. 那里就有公共汽车站。[/color]
句中第一个there是引词,无词义;第二个there是副词,有词义。

■there be结构表“存在”,have表“所有”,试比较:
[color=red]There are several oak trees in the garden. 花园里有好几株橡树。(主语是oak trees)[/color]
[color=red]They have several oak trees in the garden. 他们在花园里种有好几株橡树。(主语是they)[/color]
[color=red]There’s a telephone in every room. 每一个房间都有一部电话。(强调客观存在)[/color]
[color=red]Every room has a telephone. 每一个房间有电话。(强调电话是每个房间的一固有部分)[/color]

■句首的there如重读,则非引词,而是副词,试比较:
[color=red]There is the book 1 want. 那儿就是我所要的书。(there是副词,有词义)[/color]
[color=red]There are some books 1 want. 有一些我所要的书。(there是引词,无词义)[/color]

■在there be结构中,be之后加上not或no, 即变成否定句,如:
[color=red]There is no great difficulty. 没有大的困难。[/color]
[color=red]There is no need to worry. 没有必要发愁。[/color]
[color=red]There is not much doubt about his guilt. 对他的罪行没有多少怀疑。[/color]
■变为疑问句时,须把be移至there之前,如:
[color=red]Are there any children in the room? 房间里有小孩吗?[/color]
■there be结构中的动词be与主语的数必须一致,但主语如是一系列事物,第一个事物为单形可数名词,谓语动词则可用单数形式,如:
[color=red]There is a textbook, a dictionary and some notebooks on the desk. 桌上有一本教科书、一本字典和几本笔记。[/color]
有时说话人先说出了there is(was),然后才想到要用复形名词,如:
[color=red]There’s some things I can’t resist. 有些事物我是不抗拒的。[/color]
[color=red]There’s hundreds of people on the waiting list. 登记排队的人有好几百。[/color]
■强调主语时,亦可将主语移至句首,如:
[color=red]Men there are yet living who have seen him. 见过他的人有的还活着哩。[/color]

beiju 发表于 2009-12-18 09:06

There is some points I can not understand :qq71] [b] [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=99026&ptid=40578]1#[/url] [i]lkjj[/i] [/b]

tingzi_dark 发表于 2010-1-16 08:52

thank you ~~

SUPPLY 发表于 2010-2-8 12:24

it's ok

gdfsgdg 发表于 2010-2-13 11:22

There’s some things I can’t resist

zxfvivid 发表于 2010-10-7 21:34

I like it,but I don't understand.

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