托福听力技巧指南之一——笔记技巧
[b]笔记技巧：[/b][b] 【技巧一】文章框架[/b]
在听文章的时候，考生应该慢慢梳理出文章的框架和脉络，知道内哪里会出现比较重要的内容，而哪里又一般不是很重要。一般笔记左边为重要内容，右边则是细节内容，而且越是往右记越是细节，当然相对来说通常也越不是很重要。基本结构是：
Main idea
supporting idea
supporting idea
minor points, example, detail, etc.
Main idea
[b] 【技巧二】通过信号词找到重点句[/b]
因为篇章较长，很多考生往往坚持不到听完就放弃了，所以在训练时很重要的一个技巧就是培养将文章变短变小的能力。通过确定信号词我们可以很快确定后面的内容是否重要，是否需要仔细倾听，是否可以不听，从而在避免长时间听力练习的疲劳想象。现将各种信号词分类如下：
[b] 第一：直接提示观点、表递进关系的信号词[/b]
There are reason why
Firs... Second...Third
What I want to talk about is...
And most important,...
A major development...
Why it was so important...
A term for...
It can be defined in this way...
In other words...
In summary...
From this we see that...
We may draw the conclusion...
The thing about...
Remember that...
The important idea is that...
In addition
Moreover/furthermore/what’s more
Equally important...
Next I want to mention...
That brings us to...
We’ll be looking at a couple of ways to ...
[b] 第二：对比转折型信号词，提示转折后面的内容将非常重要[/b]
On the other hand...
On the contrary...
In contrast...
And in fact...
By comparison...
Although this may be true,...
[b] 第三：因果型、总结型信号词，对上文往往是一种总结，后面信息往往非常重要[/b]
As a result,...
For his purpose...
Therefore/ Consequently/Finally
In brief...
On the whole...
To conclude/ in conclusion/ in brief/
To summarize, to sum up
As I have shown/ as has been noted/ as we have seen...
[b] 第四：表强调的信号词[/b]
Definitely/extremely/obviously/infact/indeed/
inanycase/absolutely/ positively/surprisingly/
emphatically/unquestionably/ without a doubt
undeniably/ without reservation...
[b] 第五：表举例的信号词，通常只需要记住举例中描述的对象,以及为什么要举例。至于细节通常可忽略不计[/b]
Fro example/ for instance/ in this case/ in another case/
on this occasion/ in this situation/ take the case of/
to demonstrate/ to illustrate/ as an illustration/ such as...
[b] 【技巧三】在重点句中抓住关键词[/b]
在确定重点句以后，就要尽力记下关键词。经过对大量题目的分析，我们发现名词在其中占大多数，原因很简单：如果我们是命题者，为了准备四个选项或者填充题目，往往倾向于将原文的某些内容改写，名词由于很难可以被其他单词替代，所以很难被改写，可以帮助考生把握最重要的信息，形容词和动词则分列二、三位。
重读、重复、教师花时间较多讲解的内容就一定是出题的题眼。
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