怎么划分这个句子的结构?
The standard has had substantial changes made to its structure and contents.had及made如何理解？ [quote]The standard has had substantial changes made to its structure and contents.
had及made如何理解？
[size=2][color=#999999]carl2009 发表于 2010-5-23 09:29 PM[/color] [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=146142&ptid=61764][img]http://bbs.tingroom.com/images/common/back.gif[/img][/url][/size][/quote]首先这句话的意思是:这个标准在结构和内容上有了真实的变化。
heve something done 是have sth (to) do 的被动语态。 明白了，非常感谢！ feel free to ask for help,there is nothing tingroon can not handle about English...[b] [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=146356&ptid=61764]3#[/url] [i]carl2009[/i] [/b] 今天收到一个邮件，说的关于ISO9001的“操作说明书”的问题，其中有以下几句话：
You may need more detail than that described in the procedures. Many businesses [b]include[/b] work instructions[b] to [/b]aid in training, to reduce mistakes, a point of reference for jobs, etc.（include ... to ...,什么意思？对整个句子好象解释不通。）
Correct application of these items will help keep your QMS running smoothly and[b] allow for easier audits. （更加容易被审核通过？——字面是这样的吗？不懂。） And we all like happy auditors![/b]我们都喜欢快乐的审核员！（有这种说法吗？）
关于黑体部分不太清楚是什么意思，怎么翻译？谢谢指教！ [b] [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=147576&ptid=61764]5#[/url] [i]carl2009[/i] [/b]
可能他在写的时候少了一个逗号，应该是这样的吧
Many businesses include work instructions, to aid in training, to reduce mistakes, a point of reference for jobs, etc. 实际上后面的to是和include没有直接关系的，意思就是包括了后面4个并列关系的词组。（工作须知，帮助培训，减少错误，工作参考）
第二句 help keep your QMS running smoothly and allow for easier audits.
帮助保证你的质量管理体系流畅运作，并且更容易被审核。
we all like happy auditors!
我们都喜欢高高兴兴的审计员（言下之意就是我们不希望审计员们不高兴） [b] [url=http://bbs.tingroom.com/redirect.php?goto=findpost&pid=147995&ptid=61764]6#[/url] [i]星期一[/i] [/b]
谢谢指点！ plause [b][/b]谢谢 呵呵 had 是have 的过去分词，首先have had 是现在完成时态， 然后have sth done 结构是使得某物或某事被做或已经被...的意思made 就是这个结构中的过去分词，句子的意思同意上一位朋友的翻译。
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