2014年6月六级考试真题：阅读理解各版本答案及解析
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本文原文出处：[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]2011[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]年[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]12[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]月[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]15[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]号[/size][/color] [color=black][size=10.5pt]纽约时报[/size][/color]
[url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/15/health/as-doctors-use-more-devices-potential-for-distraction-grows.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&ref=todayspaper]http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/15/health/as-doctors-use-more-devices-potential-for-distraction-grows.html?pagewanted=2&_r=1&ref=todayspaper[/url]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]56[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]、[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]A [/size][/color] [color=black][size=10.5pt]根据四个有规律的选项信息可判断这是不定式问目的的题目。先找到定位点，再在定位点附近找包含信息的不定式。根据题干信息，画出定位词[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“computers, smartphones and other devices”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]可以迅速定位到文章首段首句——“[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]Hospitals, hoping to curb medical error, have invested heavily to put computers, smartphones and other devices into the hands of medical staff…”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]。其中[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“invested…into the hands of medical staff”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]就是题干[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“equip their staff with..”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]所同义改写的部分。定位句中的插入语部分[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“hoping to curb medical error”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]即要找的不定式，对比原文和选项，“[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]curb”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]是抑制的意思，选项中的[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“reduce”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]是对它的同义改写，最后选[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]A[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]——[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]to reduce medical error[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]。[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]57[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]、[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]C [/size][/color] [color=black][size=10.5pt]例证题。按题干定位词[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“distracted doctoring”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]定位在第三段。而[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]distracted doctoring[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]所描述的是第三段首句的[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“this phenomenon”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，讲的是第二段中所例证的[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]phenomenon[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，所以答案往上一段找。第二段首句举例说明了随之而来的[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“side effect”——“doctors and nurses can be focused on the screen and not the patient”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]、[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“admitted texting during a procedure”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，可见作者通过说[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“distracted doctoring”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]是想说明[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]devices[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]的[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“side effect”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，即[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]C[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]选项。[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]58[/size][/color] [color=black][size=10.5pt]、[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]B [/size][/color] [color=black][size=10.5pt]根据题干信息[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“Dr. Peter Papadakos”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]定位在文章第四段和第五段，其中都包含了[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]DPP[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]这个人所说的话。第四段说到把[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]devices[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]带到医院[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“to do medical records”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，同时也可以上网、看脸书，而且这些会更加的[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“tempting”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]；第五段说道自己的[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“fut feeling”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]即[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“worry”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]是[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“lives are in danger”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]。总结两段的表述，[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]devices[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]对医生的吸引以及病人生命危在旦夕，即可选出[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]B[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]选项[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]——Doctors’ interaction with their devices may endanger patients’ lives.[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]59[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]、[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]C [/size][/color] [color=black][size=10.5pt]因果题。根据题干信息问的是“[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]why”——[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]原因，因此要确定找到定位点附近的因果词，判断孰因孰果选出答案。根据题干“[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]increasing pressure”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]定位在文章第七段最后一行最后一句，根据金三句原则[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]——[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]定位句本身以及前句和后句，找到第八段首句[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“The pressure stems from”——“[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]这种压力源自[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]…”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]即答案在这个后面。可选出答案为在根据定位词[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]oil trade[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]以及顺序原则定位到文章最后一段。根据文章主旨和前文内容，或者是根据定位段信息可知[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“United States imports a great of energy”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，让能源输出国有利可图，而同时[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“At the same time”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，[color=#0066cc]美国[/color]本身也有自身利益[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]——“we derive massive economic benefits…when we engage in energy trade around the world.”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，答案选[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]A——“It proves profitable to both sides”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]。[/size][/color]
[/font][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana] 60、B 根据题干信息Peter Carmel以及顺序原则定位到最后一段，而对“doctors”的“advice”应该在末段末句的后半部分“but he added that doctors’ first priority should be with the patient”，即对医生的建议摆在首位的一定是“patient”，四个选项中跟patient相关的只有选项B，其他均未提及。[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]
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[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]仔细阅读第一篇B版本：[/font][/p][font=Verdana][color=black][size=10.5pt]本文原文出处：[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]2013[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]年[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]2[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]月[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]21[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]日[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]华盛顿邮报[/size][/color]
[url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-leadership/why-our-brightest-female-graduates-are-still-at-a-disadvantage/2013/02/21/68cb192a-7c5a-11e2-82e8-61a46c2cde3d_story_1.html][color=#0066cc]http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-leadership/why-our-brightest-female-graduates-are-still-at-a-disadvantage/2013/02/21/68cb192a-7c5a-11e2-82e8-61a46c2cde3d_story_1.html[/color][/url]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]56[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]、[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]C [/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]文章第一段大致说明了[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“women earn less than men”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]的现象，而由题干中的[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“traditionally”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]定位到文章第二段。[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“All the traditional reasons…women fall behind when they leave the workforce to raise kids…”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，由此可选出[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]C[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]选项，核心原因是[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]kids[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]。[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]57[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]、[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]B [/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]由题干信息[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]America’s higher education system[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]定位在第三段落最后一句[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“…higher education system is not designed to focus on the economic consequences of our students’ year on campus”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]。选项中跟[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]economic consequences[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]相关的选项只有[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]B[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]选项，[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“economic impact”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]是对原文[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“economic consequences”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]的同义改写。[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]58[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]、[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]A [/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]由题干的[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“today”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]定位到第四段的[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“now”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]。第四段中[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“… one might think the college campus is a pretty equal place. It is not.”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，继而举例论证[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]campus[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]中男女学生的不同待遇，[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]“They enroll in different kinds of classes…”,[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]因此答案选[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]A[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]。[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]59[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]、[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]D [/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]文中第四段有：[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, they start to trail off during their college years.[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]重点在于动词词组，[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]trail off[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]有渐渐减弱的意思，在这里明显是指女生到了大学后表现开始不如高中，[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]C[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]选项[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]don't perform as well as they did in high school[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]即是表示的这个意思。即使不知道[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]trail off[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]的意思也可以通过句首连词[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]while[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，来判断出下一句为转折关系。从而知道是在大学表现变差。[/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]60[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]、[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]A [/size][/color]
[color=black][size=10.5pt]题干问作者对于男人女人间[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“pay gap”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]的解释，根据顺序原则定位到文章末段，最后一句[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“No wonder they are not negotiation for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]的原因是[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“They are too exhausted, and too scared of failing”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]，由此对比选项，[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]“Women are too worn out to be ambitious”[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]是更为贴近原文主旨的选线，因此选[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]A[/size][/color][color=black][size=10.5pt]。[/size][/color]
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[font=Verdana]阅读二：
[/font][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]原文出自《BUSINESS INSIDER》[url=http://www.businessinsider.com/3-signs-youre-a-true-leader-2013-6?utm_source=feedburner&]http://www.businessinsider.com/3 ... urce=feedburner&[/url];utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+businessinsider+(Business+Insider)[/font][/p][font=Verdana][color=#444444]61.B[/color]
[color=#444444]What does the author think the leaders he knows?[/color]
[/font][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]A. Many of them are used to taking charge.（他们中的很多人习惯于掌控）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]B. Few of them are equal to their positions.（他们中很少有人配得上自己的职位）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]C. Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.（他们中的很多人没有完全开发自己的潜力）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]D. Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.（他们中很少有人熟悉领导手册）[/font][/p][font=Verdana]题目问作者是如何看待他所认识的领导者的。通过顺序原则和定位词[color=#444444]the leaders he knows[/color]可以找到文章第二段的第一句，I see way fewer truly effective leaders[color=#444444] than I see people stuck in positions of leadership who are sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about their own abilities.[/color]注意这句话里的[color=#444444]way[/color]并不是我们所熟知的名词含义“方法”，而是一个程度副词，类似于“相当地”。这句话的大致意思就是“相比于那些真正高效的领导者，我见到更多的是处在领导者的位置却却总是被自己的无能给蒙蔽的人”。[color=#444444]B[/color]选项即为这句话的同义改写。
[color=#444444]62.A[/color]
[color=#444444]Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?[/color]
[/font][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]A. They believe they have the natural gift to lead.（他们认为自己有天生的领导才能）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]B. They believe in what leadership literature says.（他们相信领导手册说的东西）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]C. They have proved competent in many situations.（他们在很多情况下都被证明是无能的）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]D. They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.（他们在做领导时感受到极度的不满）[/font][/p][font=Verdana]题目问为什么很多人总是热衷于领导职位。这道题是因果细节题，常规的解决方法是通过题干路标词定位，再在定位句附近寻找因果逻辑词锁定答案。通过[color=#444444]grab leadership position[/color]定位到第四段第二句[color=#444444]Whether it’s a decision-making session, a basketball game, a family outing, they [/color]can’t help grabbing the lead dog position[color=#444444] and cling to it for dear life. [/color]这句话意思不难理解，说的就是很多人领导欲很强不管是在什么场合之下。往后一句话直接道破了他们这样做的原因。[color=#444444]They believe they are natural born leaders. A[/color]选项同义改写，为正选。
[color=#444444]63.D[/color]
[color=#444444]What characterizes a great leader according to the author?[/color]
[/font][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]A. Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves.（当机会自己出现时能做出及时的反应）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]B. Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.（全身心地奉献给他们神圣的责任）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]C. Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.（对自己的优点和缺点有深刻的理解）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]D. Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.（能在掌控之前仔细评估形势）[/font][/p][font=Verdana]题目问根据作者，什么最能够用来形容一个成功的领导者。通过[color=#444444]great leaders[/color]直接定位到文章第五段第四句。A great leader[color=#444444] will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when their position, the situation, and/or the needs of the moment demand it.[/color]这句话很明显就是作者对于成功领导者的描述，所以答案不言而喻，一个成功的领导者懂得审时度势，再决定是否应该掌控一切。所以[color=#444444]D[/color]为正选。
[color=#444444]64.B[/color]
[color=#444444]How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate action?[/color]
[/font][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]A. They reassess the situation at hand.（他们会重新估计当下的形势）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]B. They become impatient and rude.（他们变的不耐烦和粗鲁）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]C. They resort to any tool available.（他们会使用任何可用的工具）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]D. They blame their team members.（他们会埋怨自己的团队成员）[/font][/p][font=Verdana]题目问当命令没有落实到行动时，很多经理是如何反应的。通过[color=#444444]many business executives [/color]定位到第六段第一句话，[color=#444444]Many business executives confuse leadership with action. [/color]这句话并没有直接体现答案，所以我们可以适当地往后读。第三句话写到[color=#444444]Faced with any situation can’t be solved by the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience.[/color]意思是“当遇到没法全凭行动来解决的问题时，他们就会变得极度不耐烦”。这句话基本对应了[color=#444444]B[/color]选项的[color=#444444]impatient[/color]，但是还不够。再往后一句话，[color=#444444]Their one leadership tool is volume: if they think you are not working as hard as they think you should, their demands become increasingly louder and harsher. [/color]“声音是他们的领导工具之一，如果他们认为你没有像他们期望的那么努力工作，他们的命令就会变得越来越大声和刺耳”。这一句话对应的是[color=#444444]B[/color]里的[color=#444444]rude[/color]。所以[color=#444444]B[/color]为正选。
[color=#444444]65.C[/color]
[color=#444444]What is the author’s advice to leaders?[/color]
[/font][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]A. Concentrate on one specific task at a time.（同时只专注于一个特定的任务）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]B. Use different tools to achieve different goals.（用不同的工具来实现不同的目标）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]C. Build up s strong team to achieve their goals.（建立一个强大的团队来实现他们的目标）[/font][/p][p=30, 2, left][font=Verdana]D. Show determination when faced with tough tasks.（面临艰巨的任务时体现出强烈的决心）[/font][/p][font=Verdana]题目问作者对于领导的建议是什么。做完前面四道题还有最后两段话没有用于定位，所以完全可以把两段话都快速读一遍。本题的答案出自最后一句话。[color=#444444]A true leader is someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achieve their goals. C[/color]选项就是整句话的同义改写，为正选。[color=#444444]ABD[/color]均为无中生有。[/font]
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[/font] 谁这么厉害，原文出处都找到了。牛人！
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