考研英语摘要题型写作思路要点解析
考研英语摘要题型写作是难度非常大的一种写作形式，随着考生英语水平的不断提高，这种题型应引起考生的重视。在2006年考研英语又出现该题型，尽管这种题型真正考到的概率不是很大，但是本人觉得各位网友还是要熟悉这种题型，以背急时之需。1、摘要题型写作要点：
① 动笔之前，考生一定要认真仔细地阅读所给原文，弄懂原文大意，掌握原文要点。
② 摘要的长度一般是原文的四分之一或五分之一，考试时应遵守规定的字数限制。
③ 在做摘要时考生切忌照搬原文。
④ 摘要应与原文的观点保持一致，并且仍按原文的逻辑顺序排列。
⑤ 重点反映主要观点，删除细节。
⑥ 简化从句，用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。
⑦ 检查与修改时，考生应重点检查是否遗漏了原文的要点或包含了细节。
2、摘要题型写作实例
① 试题题目
Directions： Study the following essay carefully and write a summary in about 80 words.
We continue to share with our remotest ancestors the most tangled and evasive attitudes about death,despite the great distance we have come in understanding some of the profound aspects of biology.We have as much distaste for talking about personal death as for thinking about it;it is an indelicacy,like talking in mixed company about venereal disease or abortion in the old days.Death on a grand scale does not bother us in the same special way： we can sit around a dinner table and discuss war,involving 60 billion volatilized human deaths,as though we were talking about bad weather;we can watch abrupt bloody death every day,in color,on films and television,without blinking back a tear.It is when the numbers of dead are very small,and very close,that we begin to think in scurrying circles.At the very center of the problem is the naked cold deadness of one''s own self,the only reality in nature of which we can have absolute certainty,and it is unmentionable,unthinkable.We may be even less willing to face the issue at first hand than our predecessors because of a secret new hope that maybe it will go away.We like to think,hiding the thought,that with all the marvelous ways in which we seem now to lead nature around by the nose,perhaps we can avoid the central problem if we just become,next year,say,a bit smarter.（246 words）
3.talk about death when millions of people die
4.become confused and anxious when each time the dead people are very few and the death rates are almost equal
5.people''s fearfulness
6.seem to control nature
7.avoid death
② 原文要点：
1.continue to have the most confused ideas of death like predecessors
2.avoid talking about death
③ 参考摘要：
People dislike talking about death because they just like their predecessors still have the vaguest ideas of the issue.They talk about death only when million upon millions of people are killed in war.When they find only very few people die each time and the death rates are almost equal,they become very anxious,thinking that next time they themselves will meet their doom.Therefore,they fear very much.However,they have a hope that when they control nature,they can avoid death.（84 words）
用实例讲解考研英语摘要的写作要点
本文谈谈怎样写英语概要（Precis）。要写好一篇文章的概要应考生应具备两种基本能力。首先应具备理解原文，掌握全文中心思想的能力；其次应具有用简练的语言将原文的中心思想表达出来的能力。一般说来，概要的篇幅为原文的1/3至1/4，因此在写概要时务必注意语言的概括和精练。概要写作一般按下列步骤进行：
1.认真仔细地阅读原文两遍，理解和掌握全文的内容。
2.仔细地阅读考题指令，明确了解考题要求，在原文上标出重点，如议论文中的论点 、论据；记叙文中的发展、高潮、结局等。
3.再一次阅读原文，并将所需要采用的要点列出。要点的记录应尽可能简洁明了。
4.根据记录的要点写出概要的初稿，并尽可能不参照原文，除非当你需要核实某个要点。这将十分有益于用自己的语言组织内容，而不是照抄原文中的某些词句。完成初稿后应数一数字数，但千万不可在写完每一句句子即数字数。这样不仅浪费宝贵的时间，而且会搅乱写作的思路。
5.进行一些必要的修改和调整后，誊清完稿，并在最后注明具体字数。
应考生在重读誊清稿时，有两点还应牢记：首先，你写出的概要内容必须忠实于原文，或者说精确（accurate）。概要中所有的内容和信息必须来源于原文，既不可篡改原文内容也不能包括原文未涉及到的内容。其次，概要读起来应是一完整连贯的段落。要取得这一完整连贯，就应该使用一些连接词（link－words），如but，and，however，also等连接要点；同样，也可使用诸如since，though，even if，when，after，before等词。请看下面一例子：
The sentry watched a hawk that hovered overhead,looking for some unsuspecting prey to pounce upon.Then he heard the distant,muffled roar of planes,then silence.For the past week he had been told to take note of everything that happened on the hill within his range of vision,and to report anything suspicious.The hill led to an experimental factory,where new and secret weapons were tested.There was a threat of war and the factory would be invaluable to the enemy.So the approaches to it were watched day in,and day out.
He shifted his position；he felt that he had been crouching in the heather since the beginning of the time,but only a couple of hours of the day''s duty had passed.Suddenly he saw something falling from the sky like snow,only it was not snow.He put out his hand and caught bits of that were drifting near him.They were thin strips of metal to confuse delicate instruments,so that it would not be possible to detect the landing of enemy craf.Next he heard a long,low,continuous roar from the east and saw bundles descending from the sky which looked like umbrellas opening,but which be knew to be parachutes with men hanging from them.He wanted to go at once to give the alarm,but he had to be sure that the parachutes were not his own men out on an exercise.The men were on ground now.One of them pointed in the direction of secret factory and they all began marching toward it.He had no more doubts and set off at once down the hill.He crawled slowly,sometimes on his stomach,sometimes on his side ,weaving decided that he had ample cover and started to run.But he had erred,for bullets were soon whistling past him.He drooped flat on the ground.Nobody came to search for him,so he counted up to a hundred and then began crawling again.He moved tortuously and as silently as he could to his camp at the foot of the hill.
Describe in not more than 80 words what the sentry saw and did from the moment when the strips of metal fell from the sky until he got back to his camp.Use your own words as far as possible.Do not include anything that is not in the passage.
1.Points（Saw and Did）
1）Put out hands；caught strip metal.
2）Saw bundles.
3）Waited.
4）Saw men on ground.
5）One pointed；all marched.
6）Went downhill.
7）Crawled-stomach,side-to stream.
8）Started running.
9）Dropped flat（why？-bullets）。
10）Counted 100；crawled.
11）Silently to camp.
2.Rough Draft （Linking of Points） （写得不好的摘要）
When the sentry held out his hand to catch what was falling out of the sky ,he found that it was strips of metal.The bundles began coming down.The sentry waited until men appeared on the ground.One of them pointed and the sentry saw them march towards the factory.Crawling on his stomach and on his side,the sentry moved downhill.He began running when he came to a stream,but dropped down when he was shot at .After counting up to a hundred to himself,he began crawling silently again downhill.（95 words）
3.Fair Copy （Corrected Draft） （写锝比较的摘要）
After catching hold of metal strips falling out of the sky,the sentry saw bundles descending and,after a time,some men appeared on the ground.One of them pointed and they all began marching towards the factory.The sentry crawled downhill on his stomach and on his side.When he came to a stream,he began running but dropped down when the men shot at him.He counted up to a hundred,then silently started crawling again towards his camp.
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