双语:法国将推最强校园手机禁令 校长学生都不买账
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 法国政府日前宣布,将从2018年9月起禁止所有中小学生在校园使用手机,这本该是让校方和家长称快的消息,但是没想到法国的校长和家长都不买账,原因何在呢?[/size][/font][/color][attach]21412[/attach]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] The French government is to ban students from using mobile phones in the country’s primary, junior and middle schools.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 法国政府将禁止国内的小学生和中学生在校园使用手机。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] Children will be allowed to bring their phones to school, but not allowed to get them out at any time until they leave, even during breaks.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 学生可以把手机带到学校,但一直到放学前都不能动用手机,即使是课间休息时间也不行。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] A proposed ban was included in Emmanuel Macron’s successful presidential election campaign this year.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 这项禁令是赢得2017法国大选的埃马纽埃尔•马克龙竞选时的承诺之一。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] Jean-Michel Blanquer, the French education minister, said the measure would come into effect from the start of the next school year in September 2018. It will apply to all pupils from the time they start school at age of six – up to about 15 when they start secondary school.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 法国教育部长让-米歇尔•布朗凯说,这一措施将从2018年9月新学年开始时生效。下到刚入学的6岁小学生,上到15岁的中学生,都必须遵守这一规定。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] Blanquer said some education establishments already prohibited pupils from using their mobiles.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 布朗凯说,一些教育机构已经禁止学生使用手机。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 早在2010年法国《教育法》就曾出台相关法令:在幼儿园、小学和初中,教学活动期间及校内规定场所内禁用手机。法国教育部长布朗凯不久前接受媒体采访表示,禁用手机是为了保护学生,避免他们被手机和视频分散了学习的注意力。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] “Sometimes you need a mobile for teaching reasons … for urgent situations, but their use has to be somehow controlled,” he told RTL radio.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 他告诉RTL电台说:“有时候,出于教学目的或者在紧急情况下需要用到手机,但是手机的使用应该有度。”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] The minister said the ban was also a “public health message to families”, adding: “It’s good that children are not too often, or even at all, in front of a screen before the age of seven.”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 教育部长表示,这一禁令也是“发给家庭的公共健康讯息”。他补充道:“孩子7岁前不应该经常看屏幕,最好干脆不看。”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 那么,法国人买账吗?你大概以为学校要举双手赞成,但是意见最大的就是校长们。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] The French headteachers’ union was skeptical that the ban could be enforced.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 法国校长联盟对于这一禁令能否顺利推行表示怀疑。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] “This new announcement from the [education] ministry leaves us dubious because we’re having trouble understanding what is the real issue here. In general, we’re used to them being logical and pragmatic about things, and here, we can’t find the logic or the pragmatism in the announcements,” said Philippe Vincent, the union’s deputy general secretary.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 法国校长联盟的副秘书长菲利普•文森特说:“教育部的这则新通知让我们感到疑惑,因为我们难以理解他们到底想干啥。一般来说,我们都习惯于有逻辑性和实用性的文件,但是我们从这则通知中找不到任何逻辑或实用性。”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 法国学生们也对禁令能否推行表示怀疑,有的学生甚至表示,这么做根本毫无意义。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] Outside one middle school in the centre of Paris, pupils asked about the measure seemed unimpressed. “I don’t understand how it will work. Who will take the phones, where will they put them … how will we get them back?” said one 13-year-old boy.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 法国市中心的一所中学外面,受访学生似乎对新措施无动于衷。一个13岁的男孩说:“我搞不懂这个事要怎么开展。谁来收手机,他们要把手机放在哪……我们怎么拿回来?”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] At another school, Mathilde, 12, said: “It’s ridiculous. At my school, we don’t use them in class or during recess, so what’s the problem? If anyone’s caught using one in the toilets or at lunchtime, the phones are confiscated immediately and the person is given detention.”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 在另一所学校,12岁的马蒂尔德说:“太荒谬了。在我的学校,我们在课堂上和课间都不用手机,所以根本就不存在这一问题。如果有人被发现在厕所里或午饭时用手机,手机就会被立即没收,用手机的人还要被罚留校。”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 事实上,法国学生在学校用手机非常普遍。有调查称,拥有手机的法国青少年中,一半人在课堂上使用过手机。法国家长们虽然不赞成在学校用手机,但是对手机禁令也是喜忧参半。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] Parents seemed uncertain too. “It’s probably a good idea when the kids are in school, but they can’t ban them bringing them to school,” said Sabine. “My daughter goes to school and comes home on her own, and at this time of year it’s dark so early, so I want her to have a phone with her. It’s reassuring.”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 家长们似乎也不确定这是不是好事。“孩子在学校不用手机也许是个好主意,但他们不能禁止孩子带手机到学校,”萨宾说,“我女儿独自上学和回家,现在这个季节天黑得很早,所以我希望她带着手机。这样让人放心。”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] She added: “But rather than a ban, wouldn’t it be better to install a signal blocker in schools?”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 她还说:“不过,相比这种禁令,在学校装个信号屏蔽器是不是更好?”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 然而,最大的问题还是,手机寄存柜要放在哪?学校没有地儿啊。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] Blanquer has already suggested schools could install lockers for phones, though many city centre schools have little room for them.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 布朗凯已经建议学校安装手机带锁寄存柜,不过市中心的很多学校都没有空间安放寄存柜。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] “Are we going to transform a school into a giant locker?” said Vincent. “I’ve done a little calculation myself: 5,300 state schools with an average 500 pupils each, that makes around 3 million lockers.”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] “难道我们要把学校变成一个巨大的寄存柜?”文森特说:“我自己粗略计算了一下:全法国5300所公立学校,每所学校平均500名学生,这意味着大约300万个寄存柜。”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 谁来收发和保管手机也是个很麻烦的问题,万一手机丢了呢?时间成本和人力成本也是要考虑的因素。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] Parents’ organisations say any ban would pose a significant logistical problem.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 家长联盟说,任何禁令都会面临严重的后勤问题。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] “How is the school going to stock them? And how are they going to make sure they’re given back to the owner at the end of school?” Gérard Pommier, head of the Federation of Parents in State Schools.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] “学校要怎么储存这些手机?他们要如何确保放学时手机能归还主人?”公立学校家长联盟主席杰拉德•波米叶说。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] Education officials are now studying how the mobile ban can be put into effect.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 教育部官员目前正在研究如何推行手机禁令。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] “In ministerial meetings, we leave our phones in lockers before going in. It seems to me that this as doable for any human group, including a class,” Blanquer said in September.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 布朗凯在九月份时说:“在举行部长会议时,我们在进入会议厅前会将手机放进寄存柜中。在我看来,这种做法对于任何人类团体都是可行的,包括学校课堂。”[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] The minister has also supported the introduction of school uniforms, but has said he is opposed to the measure being obligatory throughout the country.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 布朗凯还支持引进校服,但他反对在全国强制推行。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] He has also announced that each school must set up a choir before January 2019. [/size][/font][/color][i]Le Parisien[/i][color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] newspaper said the government had set aside €20m for the measure. Government officials said joining the choir would be voluntary and a “complement to obligatory music lessons” that exist already.[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 布朗凯还宣布,在2019年1月前,每个学校都必须成立一个合唱团。《巴黎人报》称,政府为此预备拨款2000万欧元(合1.56亿元人民币)。政府官员称,合唱团为自愿参加,是对现有的“音乐必修课的补充”。[/size][/font][/color]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 除了法国,还有很多国家都面临学生用手机的难题,来看看其他国家是怎么处理的。[/size][/font][/color]
[font=Tahoma, "][size=16px]英国:伊顿要求睡前交手机[/size][/font]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 多数英国学校都不同意让学生在校园内使用手机,尤其是智能手机应用。英国教育标准局于2012年宣布,禁止中小学生携带手机进课堂。如果学校未能遏制课堂上学生使用手机发短信、接听电话或上网,学校将被教育督查部门记载并问责。在著名的伊顿公学,校方没有禁止学生使用手机,但校园Wi-Fi屏蔽了Snapchat应用程序,因为有学生用Snapchat发送各种裸照。此外,伊顿公学还要求学生晚上回宿舍睡觉前交出手机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑等,以避免夜间在社交媒体上流连忘返而影响睡眠。校长西蒙•亨德森提认为,社交媒体压力是青少年精神疾病的重要诱因之一,如果因此失眠,会影响学业。[/size][/font][/color]
[font=Tahoma, "][size=16px]德国:提倡使用“学生专用手机”[/size][/font]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 在德国,手机厂商开发“学校手机”,外观充满童趣且带有“酷味”,还分女孩手机和男孩手机。此类手机既寓教于乐,又具备安全性。内部预装有20到30个学生APP程序,可以通过Wi-Fi上网,且网页都是德国教育部门推荐的健康网页。家长可以进行控制。德国学校设有手机管理课程,给孩子们讲解怎么合理使用手机。每个学校还设有网上教育网络。软件企业也会积极参与手机APP程序设计。[/size][/font][/color]
[font=Tahoma, "][size=16px]韩国:学校配备手机存放柜[/size][/font]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 大部分韩国学校实施早会收走手机、放学前归还的方法,由老师或专门的学生负责收发。为防止孩子沉迷于手机娱乐,不少韩国家长会选择给子女买只能拨打电话的“学生手机”,或者办理低流量、慢网速等手机套餐。[/size][/font][/color]
[font=Tahoma, "][size=16px]美国:跟考试成绩挂钩[/size][/font]
[color=#444444][font=Tahoma, "][size=16px] 美国学校基本上都要求学生将手机存在自己的储物柜里,不能带进教室。有些学校允许带入教室,但要求从早上第一堂课到下午最后一堂课,包括课间休息,手机都必须处于静音状态,通常也不能使用耳机。对违规学生的惩罚力度,取决于老师。有些老师发现有人违规,会要求该学生把手机装入纸袋,放在课桌明显位置;有些老师会没收手机,让家长来认领;有些老师比较严格,第一次违规考试成绩降半个字母(比如考A的降为A-),第二次发现则会降一个字母同时要求学生离开教室,如果学生不配合,则会请校警配合强制离开;也有少数老师比较宽松,完全依靠学生的自觉。总体看,课堂上禁止使用手机是绝大部分老师的共识。[/size][/font][/color]
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