Piano
[size=3][color=#29384e][font=Times New Roman]The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries [/font][font=宋体]——[/font][font=Times New Roman] the spinet[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the dulcimer[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the clavichord[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord[/font][font=宋体]‘[/font][font=Times New Roman]s tone was metallic and never powerful[/font][font=宋体]；[/font][font=Times New Roman] nevertheless[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] because of the variety of tone possible to it[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] many composers found the clavichord a sympathetic instrument for intimate chamber music. The harpsichord with its bright[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] vigorous tone was the favorite instrument for supporting the bass of the small orchestra of the period and for concert use[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] but the character of the tone could not be varied save by mechanical or structural devices.[/font][/color][/size][size=3][color=#29384e][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/size]
[color=#29384e][font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font][size=10.5pt]The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth century by a harpsichord maker in Italy [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]（[/size][/font][size=10.5pt]though musicologists point out several previous instances of the instrument[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]）。[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] This instrument was called a piano e forte [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]（[/size][/font][size=10.5pt]sort and loud[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]），[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] to indicate its dynamic versatility[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]；[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavier in the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] the perfection of a metal frame[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] and steel wire of the finest quality[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] from a liquid[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] singing tone to a sharp[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]，[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] percussive brilliance.[/size][/color]
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