Movie Music
[size=3][color=#29384e][font=Times New Roman]Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as[/font][font=宋体]“[/font][font=Times New Roman]silent[/font][font=宋体]”，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the film has never been[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] in the full sense of the word[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] silent. From the very beginning[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] music was regarded as an indispensable accompaniment[/font][font=宋体]；[/font][font=Times New Roman] when the Lumiere films were shown at the first public film exhibition in the United States in February 1896[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] they were accompanied by piano improvisations on popular tunes. At first[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the music played bore no special relationship to the films[/font][font=宋体]；[/font][font=Times New Roman] an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient. Within a very short time[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] however[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.[/font][/color][/size][size=3][color=#29384e][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]As movie theaters grew in number and importance[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] a violinist[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] and perhaps a cellist[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] would be added to the pianist in certain cases[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] and in the larger movie theaters small orchestras were formed. For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] and very often the principal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces. Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown[/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]if indeed[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the conductor was lucky enough to see them then[/font][font=宋体]），[/font][font=Times New Roman] the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]To help meet this difficulty[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical accompaniments. In 1909[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] for example[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the Edison Company began issuing with their films such indications of mood as[/font][font=宋体]“[/font][font=Times New Roman]pleasant[/font][font=宋体]”，“[/font][font=Times New Roman]sad[/font][font=宋体]”，“[/font][font=Times New Roman]lively[/font][font=宋体]”。[/font][font=Times New Roman] The suggestions became more explicit[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the titles of suitable pieces of music[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] and precise directions to show where one piece led into the next.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D.W Griffith[/font][font=宋体]‘[/font][font=Times New Roman]s film Birth of a Nation[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] which was released in 1915.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]Note[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][/color][/size]
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[font=宋体][size=3][color=#29384e] 美国通俗音乐分类：[/color][/size][/font]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]1.Jazz[/font][font=宋体]；[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]1[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] traditional jazz[/font][font=宋体]——[/font][font=Times New Roman] a[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] blues[/font][font=宋体]，代表人物：[/font][font=Times New Roman]Billy Holiday[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]b[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]ragtime[/font][font=宋体]（切分乐曲）：代表人物：[/font][font=Times New Roman]Scott Joplin[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]c[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]New Orleans jazz [/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]= Dixieland jazz[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] eg[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman] Louis Armstron[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]d[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]swing eg[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman] Glenn Miller[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] Duke Ellington[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] etc.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]e[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]bop [/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]=bebop[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] rebop[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] eg[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman] Lester Young[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] Charlie Parker etc.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]2[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]modern jazz [/font][font=宋体]——[/font][font=Times New Roman] a[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] cool jazz[/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]=progressive jazz[/font][font=宋体]）高雅爵士乐。[/font][font=Times New Roman]Eg[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman] Kenny G.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]b[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]third-stream jazz. Eg[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman] Charles Mingus[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] John Lewis.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]c[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] main stream jazz.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]d[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]avant-garde jazz.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]e[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] soul jazz. Eg[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman] Sarah Vaughn[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] Ella Fitzgerald[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]f[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] Latin jazz.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]2.gospel music[/font][font=宋体]福音音乐，主要源于[/font][font=Times New Roman]Nero spirituals. Eg. Dolly Parker[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] Mahalia Jackson[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]3.Country and Western music. Eg. John Denver[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] Tammy Wynette[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] Kenny Rogers[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] etc.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]4. Rock music[/font][font=宋体]——[/font][font=Times New Roman]a[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] rock and roll eg[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman] Elvis Prestley[/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]US[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] [/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the Beatles[/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]UK.[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]b[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]folk rock Eg[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman] Bob Dylon[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] Michael Jackson[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] Mariah Carey[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] Bruce Springsteen[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] Lionel Riche etc.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]c[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]punk rock[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]d[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]acid rock[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]e[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman]rock jazz eg[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman] M.J. McLaughlin[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]f[/font][font=宋体]）[/font][font=Times New Roman] Jurassic rock[/font][/color][/size]
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[color=#29384e][font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font][size=10.5pt]5.Music for easy listening [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]（[/size][/font][size=10.5pt]i.e. light music [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]）[/size][/font][/color]
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