The Salinity of Ocean Waters
[size=3][color=#29384e][font=Times New Roman]If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation[/font][font=宋体]——[/font][font=Times New Roman] conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner the salinity is increased[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] of course[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] white crystals of salt would be left behind.[/font][/color][/size][size=3][color=#29384e][font=Times New Roman] [/font][/color][/size]
[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]The opposite of evaporation is precipitation[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] such as rain[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]Normally[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] in tropical regions where the sun is very strong[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When sea water is frozen[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] sea water directly materials are left behind. In this manner[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] sea water directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] when this ice melts[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]In the Weddell Sea Antarctica[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]NOTE[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]salinity / s[/font][font=宋体]э‘’[/font][font=Times New Roman]lin[/font][font=宋体]э[/font][font=Times New Roman]ti[/font][font=宋体]；[/font][font=Times New Roman] s[/font][font=宋体]э[/font][font=Times New Roman]`lin[/font][font=宋体]э[/font][font=Times New Roman]ti/[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]n [U] the high salinity of sea water[/font][font=宋体]海水的高含盐量。[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]-[/font][font=宋体]à》[/font][font=Times New Roman]saline / [/font][font=宋体]‘’[/font][font=Times New Roman]seilain[/font][font=宋体]；[/font][font=Times New Roman] US -li[/font][font=宋体]：[/font][font=Times New Roman]n[/font][font=宋体]；[/font][font=Times New Roman] `selin/[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]1.adj [attrib[/font][font=宋体]作定语[/font][font=Times New Roman]] [/font][font=宋体]（[/font][font=Times New Roman]fml[/font][font=宋体]文）[/font][font=Times New Roman] containing salt[/font][font=宋体]；[/font][font=Times New Roman] salty[/font][font=宋体]含盐的；咸的：[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]* a saline lake[/font][font=宋体]盐湖[/font][font=Times New Roman]* saline springs[/font][font=宋体]盐泉[/font][/color][/size]
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[size=3][color=#29384e][font=宋体] [/font][font=Times New Roman]* saline solution[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] eg as used for gargling[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] storing contact lenses[/font][font=宋体]，[/font][font=Times New Roman] etc[/font][font=宋体]盐溶液（如用于漱喉、存放隐形眼镜等）。[/font][/color][/size]
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[color=#29384e][font=宋体][size=10.5pt] [/size][/font][size=10.5pt]2. n [U] [/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]（[/size][/font][size=10.5pt]medical[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]医）[/size][/font][size=10.5pt] solution of salt and water[/size][font=宋体][size=10.5pt]盐水[/size][/font][/color]
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