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幽幽草 发表于 2007-4-18 17:32

英语常用的前缀和后缀

[b]1.常用前缀[/b]  aero:concerning the air or aircraft
  plane(飞机)—aeroplane(飞机)
  space(空间,间隔)—aerospace(航空宇宙)
  anti: against;opposite of
  nuclear([核]核子的)—antinuclear(反对使用核武器的)
  matter(物质)—antimatter(反物质)
  war(战争、作战、打仗)—antiwar(反战的,反对战争的)
  auto: of or by oneself
  biography(传记)—autobiography(自传)
  criticism(批评,批判)—autocriticism(自我反省,自我检讨)
  be:to treat as the stated thing
  friend(朋友,助手)—befriend(待人如友,帮助)
  little(很少的,矮小的,很少)—belittle(轻视,使渺小,使……显得渺小)
  bi: two;twice;double
  lingual(语言的)—bilingual(能说两种语言的)
  cycle(自行车)—bicycle(脚踏车,自行车)
  bio:concerning living things
  chemistry(化学)—biochemistry(生物化学)
  sphere(圈子)—biosphere(生物圈)
  by—:less important
  product(产品,产物,)—by-product(副产品,附加产物)
  way(路,道路)—byway(小道)
  centi: hundredth part
  grade(等级)—centigrade(分为百度的,百分度的,摄氏温度的)
  meter(米)—centimeter(厘米)
  co: together, with
  author(作家,创造者)—coauthor(合著者,共同执笔者,合著)
  exist(存在,生存)—coexist(共存)
  col:(used before l) together, with
  location(位置,场所)—collocation(排列,配置)
  com:(used before b, m, p)together, with
  passion(激情,热情)—compassion(同情,怜悯)
  con:together, with
  centric(中心的,中央的)—concentric(同中心的)
  federation(同盟,联邦,联合,联盟)—confederation(联邦)
  contra:opposite
  diction(措辞,用语,言语)—contradiction(反驳,矛盾)
  natural(自然的,自然界的)—contranatural(违背自然的)
  cor:(used before r) together, with
  relate(叙述,讲,使联系,发生关系)—correlate(使相互关联,和……相关)
  respond(回答,响应,作出反应,有反应)—correspond(符合,协调,通信,相当,相应)
  counter:opposite
  act(担当,表现,见效)—counteract(抵消,中和,阻碍)
  attack(攻击)—counterattck(反引力)
  cross:across;going between the stated things and joining them
  country(乡下的,乡村的,[方]祖国的,故乡的)—crosscountry(越野的,横过田野的)
  breed((使)繁殖,教养,抚养,品种,种类)—crossbreed([生物]杂种,异种交配,培育杂种, (使)杂交)
  de:showing an opposite; to remove; to reduce
  code(代码,密码)—decode(解码,译解)
  value(评价,重视)—devalue((=devaluate)减值,贬值)
  dis:not; the opposite of
  advantage(优势,有利条件)—disadvantage(不利,不利条件,缺点,劣势)
  agree(同意)—disagree(不一致,不适宜)
  honest(诚实的,正直的)—dishonest(不诚实的)
  em:(used before b,m, p) to cause to become
  body(赋以形体)—embody(具体表达,使具体化)
  power(权力,激励)—empower(授权与,使能够)
  en:to cause to become; to make
  danger(威胁)—endanger(危及)
  large(大的,巨大的)—enlarge(扩大,放大)
  ex:former(and still living)
  minister(部长,大臣)—exminister(前部长)
  wife(妻子)—exwife(前妻)
  extra:outside;beyond
  curricular(课程的)—extracurricular(课外的,业余的)
  ordinary(平常的,普通的,平凡的)—extraordinary(非常的,特别的,非凡的)
  fore:in advance, before; in or at the front
  arm(臂,武器,装备)—forearm(前臂,准备战斗,预先武装,准备)
  warn(警告)—forewarn(预先警告)
  il:(used before l) not
  legal(法律的,合法)—illegal(违法的,不合规定的)
  literate(学者,有文化的,有阅读和写作能力的)—illiterate(违法的,不合规定的)
  im:(used before b,m,p)not
  moral(道德(上)的,精神的,道德)—immoral(不道德的,邪恶的,放荡的,淫荡的)
  possible(可能的)—impossible(不可能的)
  in:not
  direct(径直的,直接的)—indirect(间接的,迂回的)
  sensitive(敏感的,灵敏的)—insensitive(对……没有感觉的,感觉迟钝的)
  infra:below in a range; beyond
  red(红(色)的)—infrared(红外线的,红外线)
  structure(结构,构造)—infrastructure(下部构造,基础下部组织)
  inter:between;among
  change(改变,变化)—interchange((指两人等)交换,相互交换)
  national(国家的,民族的)—international(国际的,世界的,国际性组织,国际比赛)
  intra:inside, within;into
  city(城市,都市)—intracity(市内的)
  department(部,局,处,科,部门,系,学部)—intradepartment(内部)
  ir:(used before r)not
  regular(规则的,有秩序的)—irregular(不规则的,无规律的)
  responsible(有责任的,可靠的)—irresponsible(不负责任的,不可靠的)
  kilo:thousand
  gram(克,)—kilogram([物]千克,公斤)
  meter(米)—kilometer(公里)
  macro:large, esp.concerning a whole system rather than particular parts of
  particular parts of
  economics(经济学)—macroeconomics(宏观经济学)
  structure(宏观结构)—macrostructure(宏观结构)
  mal:bad or badly
  function(官能,功能,作用)—malfunction(故障)
  treat(宴请,款待)—maltreat(虐待,滥用)
  micro:extremely small
  computer(计算机,电脑)—microcomputer(微进化)
  electronics(电子学)—microelectronics([电子]微电子学)
  mid:middle
  day(天,白天)—midday(正午)
  night(夜,夜晚)—midnight(午夜)
  mini:small;short
  bus(公共汽车)—minibus(小型公共汽车)
  skirt(裙子)—miniskirt
  (迷你短裙,超短裙)
  mis:bad or badly;wrong or wrongly
  fortune(运气,好运)—misfortune(不幸,灾祸)
  understand(懂,了解)—misunderstand(误解,误会)
  mono:one;single
  plane(飞机)—monoplane(单翼机)
  tone(音调,语调)—monotone(单调的,单调)
  multi:more than one;many
  purpose(目的,意图)—multipurpose(多种用途的,多目标的)
  national(国家的,国立[有]的,民族的)—multinational(多民族的,)
  non:not
  resident—non()resident
  sense理性,认识—nonsense(胡说,废话)
  out:outside;eyond
  live(活的,生动的)—outlive(比……长命,比……耐久)
  door(门,通道,家,户)—outdoor(室外的,户外的,野外的)
  over:too much;above; additional
  head(头,头的,主要的)—overhead(在头上的,在头顶上,在空中,在高处)
  time(时间,时侯,时机,)—overtime(超时,加班,延长时间,超时的,加班的,加班地,使超时)
  poly:many
  centric(中心的,中央的)—polycentric(多中心的)
  syllabic([语]音节主音,音节的)—polysyllabic(多音节的)
  post:later than;after
  graduate((大学)毕业生,研究生,(使)(大学)毕业)—postgraduate(研究所学生,研究生,毕业后的)
  war(战争,作战,打仗)—postwar(战后的)
  pre:before;in advance
  pay(薪水,工资,支付)—prepay(预付)
  war(战争,作战,打仗)—prewar(战前的,在战前)
  pro:in favor of, supporting
  America(<美>美国,美洲(包括北美和南美洲))—proAmerica
  abortion—proabortion(流产,堕胎,失败,夭折,中止,早产)
  pseudo:not real;false
  name(姓名)—pseudonym(假名,笔名)
  science(科学,自然科学)—pseudoscience(假科学,伪科学)
  re:again;back to the former state
  unite(联合,团结)—reunite((使)再结合)
  use(使用)—reuse(再使用,重新使用)
  self:by means of oneself or itself;of, to, with, for, or in oneself or itself
  employed(雇用,用,使用)—selfemployed
  taught(teach的过去式和过去分词)—selftaught
  semi:half;partly
  circle(圆周,圆形物)—semicircle(半圆形)
  final(决赛)—semifinal(半决赛)
  step:not by birth but through a parent who has remarried
  mother(母亲,妈妈)—stepmother(继母)
  children(孩子,孩子们)—stepchildren(继子,继女)
  sub:under,below;less imortant;part of the stated bigger whole
  divide(分,划分,分开,隔开)—subdivide(再分,细分)
  section(部分)—subsection(分部,分段)
  super:more, larger, greater than usual
  market(市场)—supermarket(超级市场)
  natural(自然的,自然界的,普通的,正常的)—supernatural(超自然的,神奇的,超自然物,不可思议的事)
  tele:at or over a long distance;by or for television communication—telecommunication
  screen(屏,银幕)—telescreen(电视屏幕,荧光屏)
  therm(o):concerning heat
  chemistry(化学)—thermochemistry(热化学)
  meter(计,表)—thermometer(温度计,体温计)
  trans:across, on or to the other side of; between
  Atlantic(大西洋)—transatlantic(大西洋彼岸的)
  plant(种植,栽培,培养)—transplant(移植,移种)
  tri:three;three times
  angular(有角的)—triangular(三角形的)
  cycle(自行车)—tricycle(三轮车,机器三轮车)
  ultra:beyond;very, extremely
  modern(近代的,现代的)—ultramodern(超现代化的)
  sound(声音,语音)—ultrasound(超频率音响)
  un:not
  certain(确定的,必然的,可靠的)—uncertain(无常的,不确定的,不可预测的,靠不住的)
  fortunate(幸运的,幸福的)—unfortunate(不幸的,使人遗憾的)
  under:too little;below
  develop(发展,显影)—underdevelop((使)发展不完全, (使)显影不足)
  sea(海洋,大浪)—undersea(海面下的)
  uni:one;single
  form(形态,构成)—uniform(统一的,相同的)
  directional(方向的)—unidirectional(单向的,单向性的)
  vice:nextin the rank;below
  chairman(主席,会长)—vicechairman(副主席,副议长)
  president(总统,会长,行长)—vicepresident(副总督,副省长)

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