2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(二)及答案
[b]SectionⅠ Use of English[/b] Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（ 10 points ）
Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally [u]1[/u] person in good physical condition is not [u]2[/u] healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do [u]3[/u] how a person copes with the world as she/he exists. Many of the factors that [u]4[/u] physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.
Having a good self-image means that people have positive [u]5[/u] pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable [u]6[/u], and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are [u]7[/u] like others. Having a good self-image is based [u]8[/u] a realistic [u]9[/u] of one's own worth and value and capabilities.
Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful [u]10[/u] of our society. People of all ages [u]11[/u] stress. Children begin to [u]12[/u] stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress inducing [u]13[/u] in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to [u]14[/u] academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals [u]15[/u] to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well [u]16[/u] another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual's physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.
Satisfying social relations are vital to [u]17[/u] mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to [u]18[/u], develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must [u]19[/u] the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of [u]20[/u] conflicts in a constructive way.
1. A. unstable B. unsure C. imprecise D. impractical
2. A. normally B. generally C. virtually D. necessarily
3. A. on B. at C. to D. with
4. A. signify B. influence C. predict D. mark
5. A. intellectual B. sensual C. spiritual D. mental
6. A. to be doing B. with doing C. to do D. of doing
7. A. able better to B. able to better C. better to able D. better able to
8. A. on B. from C. at D. about
9. A. assessment B. decision C. determination D. assistance
10. A. ideality B. realization C. realism D. reality
11. A. occur B. engage C. confront D. encounter
12. A. tolerate B. sustain C. experience D. undertake
13. A. evidence B. accidents C. adventures D. events
14. A. acquire B. achieve C. obtain D. fulfil
15. A. respond B. return C. retort D. reply
16. A. why B. when C. while D. where
17. A. sound B. allround C. entire D. whole
18. A. illuminate B. enunciate C. enumerate D. initiate
19. A. access B. assess C. process D. possess
20. A. resolving B. saluting C. desolving D. solving
[b]SectionⅡReading Comprehension[/b]
[b] Part A[/b]
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or DMark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1（40 points）
Text 1
As we have seen in earlier chapters, the American definition of success is largely one of acquiring wealth and a higher material standard of living. It is not surprising, therefore, that Americans have valued education for its monetary value. The belief is wide spread in the United States that the more schooling people have, the more money they will earn when they leave school. The belief is strongest regarding the desirability of an undergraduate university degree, or a professional degree such as medicine or law following the undergraduate degree. The money value of graduate degrees in“nonprofessional”fields such as art, history, or philosophy is not as great.
This belief in the monetary value of education is supported by statistics on income. Ben Wattenberg, a social scientist, estimated that in the course of a lifetime a man with a college degree in 1972 would earn about￥380 000 more than a man with just a high school diploma. Perhaps this helps to explain survey findings which showed that Americans who wished they had led their lives differently in some way regretted most of all that they did not get more education.
The regret is shared by those who have made it to the top and by those who have not. Journalist Richard Reeves quotes a black worker in a Ford automobile factory.
When I was in the ninth grade, I was getting bad grades and messing around. My father came home in the kitchen one night with a pair of Ford work pants and he threw them in my face.“Put these on,”he said,“because you're going to be wearing them the rest of your life if you don't get an education.”
Douglas Fraser, the president of the United Auto Workers Union, regretted not finishing high school so much that he occasionally lied about it. He told Richard Reeves about his pride in graduating from high school, but then a few minutes later he said:
I wasn't telling the truth about high school. I never finished. I quit in the twelfth grade to take a job…It's funny after all these years, I still lie about it. Because the fact is, I still think it was a stupid thing to do. I should have finished my education.
Even a man like Fraser, a nationally known and successful leader, was troubled by regrets that he did not climb higher on the educational ladder.
21.What is the main idea of this passage?
A.Americans place a high value on education.
B.Americans believe it is possible, though difficult, to be successful without an advanced degree.
C.Americans believe that the more the education, the higher the salary.
D.A basic American value is acquiring material wealth.
22.Which of the following degrees would probably be most valued by Americans?
A.A master's degree in literature.
B.A master's degree in specialized fields.
C.A master's degree in pure maths.
D.A master's degree in anthropology.
23.The survey conducted by Ben suggested that people regretted most having not got more education.
A.who hoped to teach
B.who were not content with their own way of living
C.who were proud of their social positions
D.who had quit high schools too early
24.When the factory worker in the third paragraph was a teenager, his father .
A.wanted him to start earning a living
B.wanted him to study harder
C.wanted him to work with him at the Ford plant
D.wanted him to stop wearing such messy clothes
25. Which of the following is TRUE about Douglas Fraser?
A.He was proud to have finished high school.
B.He became a successful leader thanks to his education.
C.He wished he hadn't dropped out of school.
D.He was a liar.
Text 2
The main idea of these business-school academics is appealing. In a word where companies must adapt to new technologies and source of competition, it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employees job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder. Yet it is also more necessary than ever for employees to invest in beter skills and sparkle with bright ideas. How can firms get the most out of people if they can no longer offer them protection and promotion?
Many bosses would love to have an answer. Sumantrra Ghoshal of the London Business School and Christopher Bartlett of the Harvard Business school think they have one:“Employability.”If managers offer the right inds of training and guidance, and change their attitude towards their underlings, they will be able to reassure their employees that they will always have the skills and experience to find a good job-even if it is with a different company.
Unfortunately, they promise more than they deliver. Their thoughts on what an ideal organization should accomplish are hard to quarrel with: encourage people to be creative, make sure the gains from creativity are shared with the pains of the business that can make the most of them, keep the organization from getting stale and so forth. The real disappointment comes when they attempt to show how firms might actually create such an environment. At its nub is the notion that companies can attain their elusive goals by changing their implicit contract with individual workers, and treating them as a source of value rather than a cog in a machine.
The authors offer a few inspiring example of companies-they include Motorola, 3M and ABB-that have managed to go some way towards creating such organizations. But they offer little useful guidance on how to go about it, and leave the biggest questions unanswered. How do you continuously train people, without diverting them from their everyday job of making the business more profitable? How do you train people to be successful elsewhere while still encouraging them to make big commitments to your own firm? How do you get your newly liberated employees to spend their time on ideas that create value, and not simply on those they enjoy? Most of their answers are platitudinous, and when they are not they are unconvincing.
26. We can infer from the passage that in the past an employee .
A. had job security and opportunity of promotion
B. had to compete with each other to keep his job
C. had to undergo training all the time
D. had no difficulty climbing the corporate ladder
27What does the writer of this passage think of the ideas of Ghoshal and Bartlett?
A. Very instructive. B. Very inspiring.
C. Hard to implement. D. Quite harsh.
28In their work, Ghoshal and Bartlett discuss .
A. changes in business organizations
B. contracts between employers and employees
C. employment situation
D. management ideas
29This passage seems to be a（n） .
A. book review B. advertisement
C. news report D. research paper
30. According to Chritopher Bartlett what will improve“employability”?
A. Ability to lay out one's talents to employers.
B. Skills and knowledge accumulated from school education.
C. Training opportunity and guidance offered by company.
D. Being creative and ready to share collective wisdom.
Text 3
To understand the failings of existing farm programs, it's important to understand the roots of the current farm crisis. At the heart of the problem is money-how much there is and how much it costs to borrow.
A farmer is a debtor almost by definition. In my own state, it's not unusual for a wheat farmer with 1,000 acres to owe several hundred thousand dollars for land and machinery. In addition to making payments on these loans, it's common for such a farmer to borrow about $ 40,000 each spring to cover fertilizer, diesel fuel, seed, and other operating expenses. The months before the harvest will be anxious ones as the farmer contemplates all the things that could bring: financial hardship, bad weather, crop disease, insects, falling commodity prices. If he has a good year, the farmer can repay his loans and retain some profit; in a bad one, he can lose his whole farm.
Money thus becomes one of the farmer's biggest expenses. Most consumers can find some refuge from high interest rates by postponing large purchases like houses or cars. Farmers have no choice. In 1989, for example, farmers paid $12 billion in interest costs while earning $ 32 billion; last year they paid $ 22 billion in interest costs, while earning only $ 20 billion. In a business in which profit margins are small, $ 4,000 more in interest can mean the difference between profit and loss. Since 1985, 100,000 family farms have disappeared, and while interest rates have fallen recently, they still imperil the nation's farmers.
This is why the most basic part of our nation's farm policy is its money and credit policy-which is set by Paul Voicker and the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board's responsibility for nearly ruining our economy is well-known. What's often overlooked is how the board's policies have taken an especially devastating toil on farmers. While high interest rates have increased farm expenses, they've also undermined the export market farmers have traditionally relied on.High interest rates, by stalling our economic engines, have been a drag on the entire world's economy. Developing and thirdworld nations have been particularly hard hit; struggling just to meet interest payments on their loans from multinational banks, they have had little cash left over to buy our farm products.
Even those countries that could still afford our farm products abandoned us for other producers. Our interest rates were so high that they attracted multinational bankers, corporations, and others who speculate on currencies of different countries. These speculators were willing to pay more for dollars in terms of pesos, yen, or marks because those rates guaranteed them such a substantial return.
31.This passage is intended to .
A.suggest effective means to deal with money crisis
B.satire the existing farm programs
C.argue against the current interest rates policy
D.advocate a modest attitude towards farmers
32.The author believes that .
A.high interest rates have an immediate effect on the farming industry
B.the Federal Reserve Board's policies will stimulate the export market
C.reduction of costs is a sure way to gain longterm profitability to the farmers
D.radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity
33.Nowadays, developing and third world nations rarely buy American farm products mainly because .
A.they rely on their domestic markets and are self-sufficient on the whole
B.there are small profit margins in the business
C.farm products offered by other producers are of higher quality
D.they have financial difficulty
34.Multinational bankers and corporations were willing to pay more for dollars in terms of pesos and other currencies in the hope of .
A.gaining a large profit
B.helping those poor nations
C.decreasing interest rates
D.overcoming financial hardships
35.By“A farmer is a debtor almost by definition.”is meant that .
A.a“farmer”originally means a“debtor”
B.farmers have more to buy than workers or whatsoever
C.farmers have no choice but to pay high interest rates
D.farmers are vulnerable to natural disasters
Text 4
Among the many ways in which people communicate through speech, public speaking has probably received more study and attracted more attention than any other. Politicians campaigning for public office, salespeople presenting products, and preachers delivering sermons all depend upon this form of public communication. Even people who do not make speaking a part of their daily work are often asked to make public speeches: students at graduation, for instance, or members of churches, clubs, or other organizations. Nearly everyone speaks in public at some time or other, and those who perform the task well often become leaders.
There are many reasons for speaking in public. A public speaker may hope to teach an audience about new ideas, for example, or provide information about some topic. Creating a good feeling or entertaining an audience may be another purpose. Public speakers, however, most often seek to persuade an audience to adopt new opinions, to take certain actions, or to see the world in a new way.
Public speakers usually know well in advance when they are scheduled to make an address. Consequently, they are able to prepare their message before they deliver it. Sometimes, though, speakers must deliver the message unprepared, or off the cuff, such as when they are asked to offer a toast at a wedding reception or to participate in a televised debate or interview.
When they do not have to speak unpreparedly, most speakers write their own speeches. Politicians and business executives sometimes employ professional writers who prepare their speeches for them. These professional writers may work alone or in small teams. Although the speaker may have some input into the contents of the speech, the writers sometimes have a great influence over the opinions expressed by their employers. Regardless of how a speech is prepared, the person who delivers it is given credit for its effect upon its hearers.
36.Public speaking is well known to the average people because .
A. most of them have been trained as public speakers
B. such activities is prevalent in the society
C. most of them have to do it when they study at college
D. the passage does not mention the reason
37.Which of the following is rarely the purpose of public speaking?
A. To influence people's ideas and behavior.
B. To enjoy the satisfaction from one's own speech.
C. To persuade the audience to accept an idea.
D. To promote public interest
38.In paragraph 3, the expression“deliver the message off the cuff”means.
A. speak at a large reception
B. speak on television
C. speak according to the schedule
D. speak without preparation
39.Often the speech prepared by a professional writer for a boss .
A. is very professional and tactful
B. expresses the writer's idea of the matter
C. expresses the boss's idea of the matter
D. expresses the ideas of both
40.No matter who writes a speech, the audience .
A.believe it expressed the speaker's idea
B.know very well who the speaker is
C.know whose idea the speech really expresses
D.do not believe what the speaker says
[b]Part B[/b]
Directions:
In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions 41—45,choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.
Lately, your job has taken up much of your time. You've even started bringing work at home and you keep working until the wee hours （凌晨）of the morning. You spend Saturdays and Sundays with your head bent on your work. And you're supposed to spend these days with your family, or friends, or for your relaxation!
No longer do you work in order to live, but you now live in order to work. Work is now the center of your daily life, while the more important things have been relegated（转移,归入）to the trunk of your car; or in the backseat, if things are still not that worse.
A workaholic. This is what you have become. The only time you don't think of work is during the three or four hours a day that you spend sleeping.41）_______________________
But little do you realize that by being too caught up with work, you gradually forget the reasons why you work: your family. Sure, you work to earn lots of money for them, but when was the last time you spent a full hour of quality time with your kids? Or your mom and dad? Or your friends? When was the last time you did something you used to do and enjoy before you mutated into a workaholic?
Here are a few tips to help you, the workaholic, refocus and get the best out of life （and keep you healthy and alive in the long run too!）:
EIGHT HOURS OF SLEEP! Make it a point to get at least eight hours of sleep and plenty of rest. While food has substitutes in the form of natural medicines or artificial foods, there are no substitutes for sleep and rest. 42）____________
STRICTLY FAMILY ON WEEKENDS! Resolve to make Saturdays and Sundays strictly for family time. And stick to this! Mondays until Fridays you make an excuse not to relax and spend time with your family because it's work time, why not make a similar excuse for Saturdays and Sundays? “I can't work today because I'm spending time with my family.”
GET SOME FOOD IN! Make sure you get food in your stomach. Workaholics are known to be foodskippers. If you can't afford to get off your desk or from doing paperwork, have food delivered to you. It's always a good idea if you have crackers on your drawer to ease the hunger pangs.
CONFINE WORK! Resolve to confine（限制,禁闭）work in your office.43）___________.Practice working only within your working hours. If you have an eighttofive working schedule, stick to it.
WORK UP THOSE MUSCLES! Exercise, exercise, exercise! Set aside at least an hour each day or every other day for exercise. You body needs to be conditioned, and working nonstop isn't going to give it the proper physical conditioning it needs. Since most workaholics tend to have their behinds stuck on their chairs, it's even more important that you get some exercise.
MAKE A PLAN! Plan your day. Work on only one or two things at a time. It's much easier to work on something and finish it first and then move on to the next rather than do a number of things all at the same time and never finish or accomplish anything at the end of the day. Make out a list of priorities. Write down things that need to be worked on immediately or are urgent, keeping the least ones at the bottom of your list. After you've done this, be guided by this list. 44）_______________.
WORK TO LIVE! Always keep in mind that you work so you can live and have a comfortable life. 45）_____________________.Don't make work your life.
[A]Don't believe that you can always “catch some sleep or rest later.” Your body cannot make up for lost sleep or rest time because it is not physiologically possible.
[B]Always remember that you don't live to work. Working is just one of the many useful and fruitful activities you do that enables you to live a good life and give your family （or any of your dependents） their needs.
[C]Don't strive for success at the expense of health.
[D]You've gotten too into working that you've forgotten how to enjoy life and the many things it offers.
[E]You devote 16 hours of your day each day to working furiously: making money, reaching goals, working on giving your families the best, planning and mobilizing yourself for success.
[F]Don't bring work to your home! Keep those files in your office desk where they belong. If you work from home, keep your work stuff in the confines of your home office. Keep them there until the next day when you start work.
[G]Turning this activity into a habit will also help you manage your time better, be more organized, and accomplish more.
[b]Part C[/b]
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）
In many developing countries, software piracy has become pandemic. According to Software Publishers Association, 95% of the software in Pakistan is pirated, 89% in Brazil, 88% in Malaysia and 82% in Mexico. 46）Hundreds of tiny gizmo shops in the mazelike streets of Seoul's Yongsan electronics market offer brandname U. S. made programs for a programer for a fraction of the list price, including Lotus 1-2-3 for $ 7.50 （ suggested retail: $ 368）. New Delhi's largest pirate outlet is a backroom operation that offers customers a catalog of nearly 400 titles and facilities for making copies for as little as $ 4 a disk （ $ 2.50 for customers who bring their own floppies）.
How to combat this rampant piracy? 47）The publishers'first approach was to control it through technical means-by putting codes in their programs that prevented users from copying them.
This strategy worked for a while, or at least until determined pirates found ways to get around it.48）But the codes also made it difficult for legitimate users to copy programs onto their hard drives. Copy protection became so unpopular that by 1986 most publishers had abandoned it as their first line of defense. But they didn't give up altogether. Through associations like Software Publishers Association they began picking off pirates one at a time, focusing on the biggest abusers. 49）Software Publishers Association began running spot checks and audits on major corporations, suing for damages when they found firms had bought, say, a single copy of a program and then made numerous unlicensed copies for its employees. Software Publishers Association also opened a hot line on which anybody can report the use of illegal software. The organization now gets 20 to 30 calls a day, mostly from former or disgruntled employees, and collects more than $ 3.5 million a year in fines and penalties.50）The washington based Business Software Alliance is conducting similar operations overseas, putting pressure on foreign governments to enforce the copyright laws already on the books.
[b]SectionⅢ Writing[/b]
[b] Part A[/b]
51.Directions:
Your friend Tom bought a cat some days ago, not knowing how to take good care of it, thus he wrote to you for your advice. Write him back with the following points:
1） express your surprise that he likes cat.
2） give him information concerning cat's living habit （eating, sleeping, etc.）
3）remind him that cat is always a naughty and independent animal so that he needs to be patient .
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Jane” instead. You do not need to write the address. （10 points）
[b]Part B[/b]
52.Directions:
Technology brought great convenience to our lives yet it also created multiple social problems. What do you think about technology? Please write about your opinion. Give two or three examples to illustrate your point.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
SectionⅠUse of English
1. A. unstable
An angry, frustrated, emotionally unstable person in good physical condition is not necessarily healthy. 一个易怒的，情绪沮丧的，感情不稳定但是体格很好的人，未必是健康的。
unstable adj.（情绪）不稳定的。
B项unsure adj.没有自信的，不肯定的，不确定的。C项imprecise adj.不严密的，不精确的。D项impractical adj.不切实际的。
2. D. necessarily
要表达“并不一定”、“未必”的意思，通常用not necessarily的搭配。
3. D. with
Mental health, therefore, has much to do with how a person copes with the world as it exists. 因此，精神健康，和一个人在生活中如何处理身边的事情，有很大的关系。
have…（nothing, little, much, a lot） to do with…：和……（没）有（很大的）关系。例如：
What I'm reading have nothing to do with you. 我在看什么，和你没有关系。
4. B. influence
Many of the factors that influence physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being. 很多影响体格健康的因素，同时也影响精神和感情的健康。
influence影响。例如：
My teacher influenced my decision to study science. 我的老师对我学理科的决定起了影响作用。
influence也可做名词。用法如下：
（常与on连用）影响力；感化力。例如：
My teacher's influence made me study science at college. 由于我老师的影响，我上大学学了理科。
Some women have bad influence upon their husbands. 有些妇女对其丈夫有坏影响。
A项signify
①表示；象征；意味
②用动作表示……意思。例如：
He signified his content with a nod.他以点头表示同意。
③有关系；有重要性
C项predict v.预知，预言，预报。D项mark vt.做标记于，打分数，标志。
5. D. mental
Having a good self-image means that people have positive mental pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable of doing, and about the roles they play.有良好的自我感觉，意味着人们在心目中对自己的形象，能力，以及担任的角色，有积极的，良好的认识。
mental adj.精神的，智力的，心智的。和physical相对。一般“精神病”被称作mental illness.
A项intellectual adj.智力的，有智力的，显示智力的。作名词时意为“知识分子”。
B项sensual adj.肉欲的，色情的，世俗的，强调“通过感官感觉到”的。
C项spiritual adj.非物质的，精神的；灵魂的；宗教的；神圣的。和material相对。
6. D. of doing
capable of doing为固定搭配。大致相当于be able to do.
7. D. better able to
People with good self-images like themselves, and they are better able to like others. 那些对自己的形象有积极认识的人通常很欣赏自己，也更容易欣赏其他人。to be able to的比较级，用to be better able to.其他次序都不对。
8. A. on
Having a good self-image is based on a realistic assessment of one's own worth and value and capabilities.对自己的形象有积极的认识，是建立在对自己的价值和能力的符合实际的评价基础上的。
be based on：建立在……的基础上
9. A. assessment
assessment是动词assess（估计，估算；评估，评价）的名词形式。B项decision、C项determination及D项assistance都没有“评估”的意思。
10. D. reality
Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful reality of our society. 压力是我们社会中无可避免的，而且有潜在的促进社会健康作用的现实存在。
表示“存在的现实状况”用reality（n.真实，事实，本体，逼真）。
A项ideality n.理想。B项realization n.实现；认识；领会。C项realism n.现实主义。
11. D. encounter
People of all ages encounter stress. 各个年龄段的人都会遇到压力。
encounter遭遇；遇到。强调“偶然遇见”。
A项occur vi.发生，出现。
B项engage vt.使忙碌，雇佣，预定，使从事于，使参加。
C项confront①面对；面临；遭遇。例如：
to confront danger（勇敢地）面对危险
②（与with连用）使面对；使面临。例如：
I am confronted with many difficulties.我面临很多困难。
12. C. experience
Children begin to experience stress during prenatal development and during childbirth.儿童在出生之前，以及降临到世界的过程中都有压力的体验。
experience vt.经验，体验，经历，阅历。
A项tolerate vt. （主观上努力去）忍受，容忍。B项sustain vt.支撑，撑住，维持，持续。D项undertake vt.承担，担任（也包含“主观努力”的意思）。
13. D. events
Examples of stress-inducing events in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to achieve academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. 年轻人的生活中，能够带来压力的事件，包括宠物的死亡，学业的压力，父母的离异，或者加入新的年轻人的群体。
event来自拉丁语evenire发生，e出，外+venire来，发生出来的事就是“（比较重大的）事件”。
A项evidence n.明显，显著，明白，迹象，根据，[物]证据，证物。B项accident n.意外事件，（造成一定伤亡或者损失的）事故。C项adventure n.冒险，冒险的经历。
14. B. achieve
“学业上取得成就”用achieve.
A项acquire和C项obtain作“获得”解时，一般后面都应该跟宾语。D项fulfil vt.实践，实行，完成，达到。侧重“履行”之意。
15. A. respond
The different ways in which individuals respond to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results.人们对压力做出的不同的反应方式，可能会带来有益于健康，或者不利于健康的后果。
respond（常与to连用）反应；回报；对……有反应；对……起作用。
B项return vt.归还，回报，报告，获得，回答，返回。C项retort v.反驳，反击。D项reply vi.答复，回击，报复，答辩，回答。
16. C. while
One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well while another may be unable to function at all.在巨大的压力下，有的人可能会应对非常自如，但是另一个人就完全无法正常运转。
while此处是一个表示转折意义的连词，表示“虽然，但是”。例如：
While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。
You like tennis, while I'd rather read. 你爱打网球，但我爱看书。
类似用法的连词还有whereas.例如：
Some people like fat meat, whereas others hate it. 有些人喜欢肥肉，相反有些人讨厌肥肉。
17. A. sound
Satisfying social relations are vital to sound mental and emotional health. 让人满意的社会关系对于良好的精神和情绪健全至关重要。
sound此处意为“完好的、健全的”，类似wholesome。B项 all-round adj.多方面的，多才多艺的。
18. D. initiate
It is believed that in order to initiate, develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must possess the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. 一般认为，要想建立，发展，并且维持有效而给人满足感的社会关系，人们必须拥有了解和信任他人，影响他人，和帮助他人的能力。
initiate vt.创始；发起
A项 illuminate vt.照明，照亮，阐明，说明。B项enunciate v.阐明，清晰发言。C项enumerate v.列举。
19. D. possess
possess：拥有。其他三个选项不具有“拥有”的含义。
20. A. resolving
They must also be capable of resolving conflicts in a constructive way.他们必须有能力以建设性的方法来解决冲突。
“解决冲突”用“resolve”。
solve解决；解答，解释。例如：
solve a problem解决一个问题
[b] Section II Reading Comprehension[/b]
[b] Part A[/b]
Text 1
词语注释
monetary adj.钱的；货币的；金融的quit v.离开；退出；放弃（思想、行动等）
desirability n.值得弄到手的东西statistics n.统计，统计数字
findings n.调查（或研究）的结果pants n.裤子
occasionally adv.偶然地，非经常地mess around[美俚]浪费时间，混日子
文章概要
本文介绍了美国人十分重视教育的金钱价值，这一价值已被收入的统计数字所证实，然后又举例说明处于高位的人和普通人都对没有完成接受理想的教育而后悔。
答案点评
21.A参见首段前3句内容：美国人关于成功的定义就是能获得财富以及较高的物质生活水平。毫不奇怪，美国人重视教育在于它的金钱价值。在美国广为流传的一个观念是人们所受教育愈高，那么他毕业后所挣的薪水就愈高。第2段首句又讲，教育的金钱价值的观念被收入的统计数字所证实，而从第3段开始举出了处于高位的人和普通的人都对没有完成接受理想教育而抱憾。这就是本文的基本思想。C项，美国人确信受的教育越多，工资就越高，是干扰项，这是一个具体问题，文中也提到，但它无法概括全文，故不是key.
22.B参见首段最后两句：人们坚信，获得大学学位或者获得医学和法学这类专业的硕士学位（继获得大学学位获得的学位）是最为理想的事。而那些“非专业”领域，例如艺术、历史、哲学毕业的研究生学位就没有那么高的金钱价值了。由此证明B是key.
23.B由Ben进行的调查表明，那些对自己生活不满意的人，没有能接受更高的教育而最为后悔，这可参见第2段末句：这也许可帮助调查结果，这些结果显示，那些希望他们过去在某方面生活不同的美国人感到最为后悔的事，就是他们没能受到更高的教育。这与题意完全相吻合。
24.B参见第3段一个黑人工人的自述，尤其是第3句（引导）：“穿上这个工作裤，如果你不受教育，你就一辈子穿下去。”这说明父亲要他好好学习。
25.C参见本文倒数第2段Douglas Fraser所说的话：至于高中我没有说实情，我根本没毕业，我在12年级就辍学工作了……让人好笑的是，这么多年过去了，我仍在说谎。原因是我仍然认为，那是件愚蠢的事，我应当完成我的学习。这与题句C意完全吻合，故是key.
Text 2
词语注释
appealing吸引人的
sparkle闪耀
nub要点
elusive难捉摸的
platitudinous平凡的
文章概要
本文主要是对两个学者关于公司应如何在不给雇员工作保证及晋升的条件下发挥他们的最大能力的观点进行了反驳。
Para.1：公司应如何在不给雇员工作保证及晋升的条件下发挥他们的最大能力。
Para.2：伦敦商学院的Sumantrra Ghoshal和哈佛商学院的Christopher Bartlett认为关键在于受雇就业能力。
Paras.3-4：作者认为Sumantrra Ghoshal和Christopher Bartlett的观点是错误的，并且提出论据。
答案点评
26A从第一段的句子“it is much harder than it used to be to offer good employee job security and an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder.”可以看出，过去一个好的职员很容易获得事业保险（job security）和晋升的机会（opportunity to climb the corporate ladder），工作上的竞争并不残酷，所以B“必须和别人竞争”不对，C“必须总是接受培训”过去没有，D故意曲解了句子的意思。因此答案应该是A.
27C从第三段“Unfortunately, they promise more than they deliver.”可以看出作者对Ghoshal和Bartlett的观点是不以为然的，作者认为这两个人许诺的比实际提供的要多，所以作者对这两个人的看法是他们的观点不切实际。
28D根据文中提到的，Ghoshal和Bartlett不仅讨论了企业的组织形式，还讨论了企业应该提供给员工一个创新的环境，以及对企业员工的培训和管理，最后达到企业发展的目的。因此用企业管理来概括他们的观念更合适。
29A这是一篇书评，从最后一段，“The author offers a few example of companies…but they offer little useful guidance…”可知。
30C见文中第二段employabity后面的一句解释，在上下文中特指通过公司培养和引导，而提高雇员的水平。不是获取职位的能力，或者在学校中获取的知识和技能。
Text 3
词语注释
diesel n.柴油机
contemplate vt.注视；沉思vi.冥思苦想
multinational a.多民族的，多国家的
speculator n.思维者；推理者；投机者；投机商
substantial a.物质的；实质的
imperil vt.使处于危险，危害
文章概要
本文主要讲高利率提高了农业成本，给农民带来危害，并进而影响了世界经济，同时给跨国银行和公司带来巨大收益。
答案点评
31.C作者以农业为例，论证了反对高利率政策的理由。A建议处理资金问题的有效方式。本文作者没有提出建议。B讽刺当前的农业计划。作者的语气是批评，而不是讽刺。D鼓吹对待农民采取温和的态度，这一点文内未提。因此，C最符合题意。
32.A作者认为高利率政策对农业有直接影响。参考文章第四段。“While high interest rates have increased farm expenses, they've also undermined the export market farmers have traditionally relied on.”
33.D否定选择项A、B、C.由倒数第二段最后一句：“Developing and third-world nations have been particularly hard hit; struggling just to meet interest payments on their loans from multinational banks, they have had little cash left over to buy our farm products.”可知，越来越少的发展中国家和第三世界国家购买美国的农产品是因为负担不起 could not afford，因此，D最符合题意。
34.A跨国银行和公司的投资旨在投机（speculate）。
35.C该题为推理题。本文主要讲了高利率给农民带来的危害，而对于高利率，“Most consumers can find some refuge from high interest rates by postponing large purchases like houses or cars. Farmers have no choice.”所以，farmers 注定要成为debtors。
Text 4
词语注释
sermon n.[宗]布道，讲道，训诫
cuff n.掌击，一巴掌；袖口；护腕
toast n.祝酒；干杯；祝酒词
文章概要
本文主要阐述了演讲活动的有关内容。
Para.1：演讲被研究的更多更引人注目；
Para.2：在公众面前演讲的目的；
Para.3：演讲者可提前准备，有时则不能；
Para.4：演讲者有时雇人拟稿。
答案点评
36.B第一段和第一句话指出：“演讲比起其他形式的交流活动来被研究的更多、更引人注目。”从下面几个句子来看，人们以这样或那样的方式对演讲这一活动了解不少：“政治家竞选国家官员（public office）、销售员推介产品、传教士传道等，使用的都是这一宣传方式。即使平时不做演讲的人在某些场合下也不得不做演讲，如：即将毕业的学生（论文答辩或毕业典礼）教会、俱乐部或其他组织和机构成员。几乎每个人都在这样或那样的场合做过演讲，而善于演讲的人经常成为领导。”这与B的意思吻合，故应选B.
37.B原文第二段列举了演讲活动通常的目的。A项影响人的观念和行为。第二段最后一句指出，演讲者的目的经常是说服人接受新观念、采取某种行动或改变世界观（see the world in new ways）。C项说服听众接受某种观念；D项增进公益。第二段第二句提到，演讲者也许想教一种新思想或告知一件新事项。综合本段所谈的内容，演讲的目的当然不是演讲者自身得到快乐，这与B的意思吻合，故本题选B.
38.Doff the cuff是一个美国俚语，意为：即兴地；非正式地。D的意思正与此意相符合，故本题选D.
39.D因为原文最后一段指出，演讲者有时雇人拟稿。演讲者虽然对演讲内容有所指示，但有时拟稿的人对演讲所表达的意思有很大影响。故本题选D.
40.A原文最后一句话指出：无论谁写发言稿，听众都会将其影响力归于演讲者。故本题选择A.
[b]Part B[/b]
答案解析
41.E上文说的是工作狂每天只睡三、四个小时，接下来很自然要说他们每天工作长达16小时。
42.A上文提到睡眠和休息是无法替代的，此处应进一步阐述理由，而睡眠是无法事后弥补的。
43.F这一段的中心内容是把工作局限在办公室，而不要让它侵入到家庭中来，即把工作和生活分开，只有F项是相关的。
44.G这一段讲的是制定计划，而各选项中，G的意思是这一习惯会帮助你安排好时间，提高效率，E是顺承上文，总结全段的。
45.B这一段讲的是工作和生活的关系，最大的干扰项是D，但从此段的建议口吻来判断，B更合适，而且内容上更丰富，更有说服力。
[b] Part C[/b]
参考译文
46.汉城永胜电子市场迷宫一样的街道上有数以百计的出售电子产品的小店，它们向任何程序员都提供印有美国商标的程序，其售价仅为标价的很少的一部分，其中包括Lotus l-2-3，售价为7.5美元。
47 .出版商首先采取的手段是通过技术途径来控制；即在其程序中编入密码，以防止用户仿制。
48.但密码也使合法用户难以把程序拷贝到硬盘驱动器上。
49.软件出版商联盟开始对一些主要公司进行随机审查，当他们发现该公司如只买了一张程序盘，而后非法给其雇员翻制了很多的话，他们就会起诉要求赔偿损失。
50.以华盛顿为基地的商业软件联盟正对海外采取同样的措施，给外国政府施加压力，敦促它们对已有的书籍版权法加强执法力度。
[b]SectionⅢ Writing[/b]
参考作文
51.
Dear Tom,
It was a good surprise to hear that you were beginning to raise a cat. I hear somebody said you didn't like pets. Clearly the words are proved to be wrong now.
Since your cat is only two months' old, you'd better buy the food which is special for kitten. And you need to feed it four times a day. Place its food plate and water bowl in a fixed place, and do remember to provide it fresh and clean water. It is cat's nature to be active at night, so don't be surprised that your kitten has slept for a whole afternoon and chasing everywhere when you are asleep at night.
And something to remind you. Cat is not so quiet as a dog. Please try not to let your telephone wire or electric wire draw his attention, or he would play with it all the time and make trouble.
I don't know whether you are clear. If any questions, don't bother to come to ask me.
[align=right] Yours sincerely,[/align][align=right] Jane[/align][align=right] November 12th, 2004[/align] 52.
The 20th century saw many great inventions, such as airplanes, motion pictures, television, telephone, computer, the Internet, to list just a few. Each of these inventions bears witness to the amazing advancements in technology in the past century. These inventions made our lives much easier and much more enjoyable.
However, progress in technology is always a double-edged sword. People invented pesticides to kill pests but pesticides can pollute the environment by entering the water supplies and harming birds that eat the dead insects. Cell phone has greatly facilitated communication yet it has been proved that it poses danger to users' health. What's more, cell phones often go off during movies, concerts, classes, meetings, and libraries and create public nuisance. Automobiles have become an indispensable tool to the modern man but they consume great amounts of fuel, and create enormous environmental problems. Also, many people are killed in car accidents every year. Internet links tens of millions of people around the world but people are so addicted to the Internet today that they don't go out and do exercises.
In a word, technology can be put to good use only when it's used properly. People often find it hard to balance the convenience brought by modern technology and its potentially harmful effects. I believe the average people should be educated about the potential harm of technology and should always use it with a mind to promoting the teamwork spirit.
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