托业考试综合辅导(21)
wardrobe n. a tall cabinet, closet, or small room built to hold clothes; the costumes belonging to a theater or theatrical troupewarehouse n. depot; wholesale store; large retail store
warehouse v. to store in a large building
warrant n. authorization or certification; sanction, as given by a superior; justification for an action or a belief; grounds
warranty n. guarantee; certificate indicating responsibility; authority; justification
waver v. to sway; to oscillate; to vacillate; to fluctuate; to blink; to flicker (as of light); to wobble; to tremble; to collapse; to begin to fail; to hesitate; to falter
whereasconj. since; inasmuch as; while; while on the contrary
whereas conj. this being the case; since (used in formal documents)
widespread adj. common; popular; extensive; prevalent
width n. breadth; thickness
willingness n. readiness; agreeableness; state or condition of being willing
wipe v. to subject to light rubbing or friction, as with a cloth or paper, in order to clean or dry; to clean or dry by rubbing
withdraw v. to pull back; to remove from; to take money from the bank; to take back; to retire; to depart; to remove; to take out
wither v. to dry up or shrivel from or as if from loss of moisture; to lose freshness; droop
withhold v. to keep in check; restrain; to refrain from giving, granting, or permitting; to deduct (withholding tax) from an employee's salary
withstand v. to bear; to endure
witness n. testifier; onlooker; bystander; testimony
witness v. to look on; to see; to observe; to testify; to vouch for; to corroborate; to be an eye-witness; to note; to notice
woeful adj. affected by or full of woe; mournful; deplorably bad or wretched
wool n. fleece from some animals; clothing made from wool; thread made from wool; (nickname for) frizzy hair
workshop n. seminar; brief intensive educational program; discussion group
wrench n. violent twist; violent ripping; tool for gripping or turning bolts
wrench v. to pull by force; to bend forcefully; to twist; to hurt by twisting; to cut off; to distort; to pervert
write off v. to disregard an outstanding debt (as of a customer); to consider worthless; to make a reduction in a value for accounting purposes
wry adj. distorted; crooked; twisted; askew; contorted; ironic; dry
yearly adj. occurring once within 12 months
yearly adv. annually
yet adv. still; already; in addition; nevertheless; but; in spite of; although
yetconj. but; in spite of; despite
yield n. crop; harvest; return; produce; income; profit
yield v. to produce; to supply; to bear (profit, harvest, fruit, etc.); to give; to relinquish; to surrender; to comply; to withdraw
ZIP n. extension ZIP (Computers); extension of an archived file compressed with the ZIP program; ZIP drive; type of drive using removable disks
托业考试综合辅导(20)
vacancy n. emptiness; available space; room; available position; job openingvacant adj. empty; unfilled; unoccupied; not in us e; lacking expression; not claimed (e.g. an inheritance)
vacate v. to cease to occupy or hold; give up; to empty of occupants or incumbents
vacation n. holiday; fixed time in which public establishments (government offices, schools, etc.) and regular businesses cease their regular activities; period of time away from work devoted to rest and relaxation; act of vacating
vacation v. to go on holiday
vaccinate v. to render unsusceptible to a disease by inoculating
vaccination n. act or instance of rendering unsusceptible to disease by inoculating
vaccine n. a preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen; a preparation from the cowpox virus that protects against smallpox
vacillate v. to sway to and fro; to fluctuate; to hesitate; to waver
valid adj. legitimate; legally acceptable; not expired; based; logical; well-founded
validate v. to confirm; to sanction; to legalize
valuable adj. of great worth; costly; cherished; dear; important
valuable n. something of great worth
van n. large closed vehicle used for transporting goods or people; railroad car (British)
variation n. degree of diversity; change; modified version (as of a musical piece); deviation
variety n. assortment; kind; sort
various adj. assorted; different; individual; several
vary v. to change something; to alter; to change; to fluctuate; to give variety to
vast adj. large; enormous; huge
vegetarian n. one who does not eat meat; herbivore
vehement adj. characterized by forcefulness of expression or intensity of emotion or conviction; fervid; marked by or full of vigor or energy; strong
vehicle n. means of transport (car, bus, etc.); instrument; means; medium
veil n. length of cloth worn by women as a face covering; netting attached to a woman's hat; something which hides or conceals (such as a curtain); nun's headdress; vow's of a nun; membrane which covers an immature mushroom
veil v. to cover; to hide
vending machine n. automated device used for selling items
vendor n. salesman; supplier; equipment salesman (for example in the field of computers, etc.); automatic machine for selling goods
venture n. risky undertaking; enterprise whose results are not certain; business undertaking which promises to bring great profit but involves a good deal of risk; amount invested or wagered
venture v. to take a risk in order to achieve a goal; to dare to express something (even in the face of possible opposition); to chance investing money in a risky but possibly lucrative business venture
veracity n. truthfulness; something that is a truth
verdict n. the finding of a jury in a trial; an expressed conclusion; a judgment or opinion
verify v. to confirm the truth of something; to ascertain the truth of something (as by investigation); to witness or swear to the truth of something (Law)
versatile adj. fulfilling many functions; multi-purpose; skilled to do many things; changeable
version n. particular form of something; variant; rendering; translation
vessel n. large craft made for navigation on water; boat; ship; container; receptacle (especially for holding liquids); tubular duct through which bodily fluids flow (e.g. blood vessel)
viable adj. capable of living; having a reasonable chance of succeeding; practical; having the ability to survive outside the uterus (of a fetus)
vicinity n. the state of being near in space or relationship; proximity; a nearby, surrounding, or adjoining region; a neighborhood; an approximate degree or amount
victim n. person who falls prey (to an attack, deception, etc.)
viewpoint n. attitude; stance; opinion
vigor n. physical or mental strength, energy, or force; strong feeling; enthusiasm or intensity
vilify v. to slander; to defame
violation n. transgression; desecration; attack or disruption; rape
virtual adj. being such in power or effect though not formally recognized; imaginary; hypothetical; computer simulated
virtual n. computerized representation of an actual object (Computers)
visibility n. quality of being clearly seen; distance to which one can see clearly (Meteorology); state or quality of providing an unobstructed view
visible adj. can be clearly seen; in view; observable; obvious; apparent
vital adj. lively; living; animated; vigorous; crucial; critical; necessary
vivid adj. lively; lifelike; bright; dazzling; clear; distinct; graphic
void adj. containing no matter; empty; not occupied; unfilled; completely lacking; devoid; having no legal force or validity; null
void n. an empty space; an open space or a break in continuity; a gap; a feeling or state of emptiness, loneliness, or loss
volunteer n. one who offers his services of his own free will or without pay
volunteer v. to offer to do or give something for free; to propose; to put forward (without being invited to do so); to offer that someone else will do or give something freely
voucher n. certificate that bears monetary value; coupon; receipt; authorizer; endorser
voyage n. trip; journey; travel; cruise; story of a journey
voyage v. to take a cruise; to travel; to make a journey
vulnerable adj. susceptible to physical or emotional injury; susceptible to attack; liable to succumb, as to persuasion or temptation
托业考试综合辅导(19)
ultimate adj. being last in a series, process, or progression; fundamental; elemental; eventualultimately adv. in the end; eventually
unanimous adj. sharing the same opinions or views; being in complete harmony or accord; based on or characterized by complete assent or agreement
unauthorized adj. unlicensed; forbidden; unlawful
unbiased adj. impartial; equitable
uncertainty n. doubtfulness
unconventional adj. not standard; not ordinary
undercut v. to offer at lower prices than the competition; to cut off the under part; to slice the ball from underneath (Golf, Tennis); to weaken; to undermine
underestimate v. to assign too low a value to
underlie v. to be located under or below; to be the support or basis of; account for; to constitute a prior financial claim over
underline n. caption beneath an illustration
underline v. to emphasize
undermine v.to weaken by wearing away a base or foundation; to weaken, injure, or impair, often by degrees or imperceptibly; sap;
understatement n. representing something less strongly than what the facts would justify; statement expressing something in a restrained manner
underway adj. having begun a journey (especially of a sea vessel); initiated; in progress; under construction
unfair adj. biased; dishonest
unforeseen adj. not anticipated; not expected
unfortunately adv. regrettably
uniform adj. always the same, as in character or degree; unvarying; conforming to one principle, standard, or rule; consistent; being the same as or consonant with another or others
uniform n. a distinctive outfit intended to identify those who wear it as members of a specific group
unify v. to join; to cause to become one
union n. workers' association; federation; amalgamation; marriage; reproductive coupling; device which fits two pieces together
unique adj. singular; matchless; rare
uniqueness n. singularity; individuality; incomparability
unit n. specific quantity regarded as a standard; combination which acts a whole; piece; furniture; device; apparatus
unlessconj. not before; precluding; barring; except; aside from
unlimited adj. infinite; boundless
unlock v. to open; to free from restraints; to release
unnecessary adj. excessive; redundant; superfluous
unsanitary adj. not healthful; not clean
unsatisfactory adj. inadequate; disappointing; not good enough
unveil v. to reveal; to uncover; to disclose
upcoming adj. about to happen; imminent
upgrade n. update; installation of a newer version of a program or the replacing of a system component with a newer component (Computers); hill; acclivity
upgrade v. to improve; to raise the quality of; to exchange something for another of better quality
upholstery n. materials that are used to cushion and cover furniture (i.e. fabric, lining, padding, etc.); process of cushioning and covering furniture
upwards adv. to a higher level; more than; higher than
urban adj. pertaining to or characteristic of a city; living in a city; municipal
urbanize v. to change from rural to urban; to make into a city; to impart urban characteristics
urge v. to force or drive forward or onward; impel; to entreat earnestly and often repeatedly; exhort; to advocate earnestly the doing, consideration, or approval of; press for; to move or impel to action, effort, or speed; spur
urgent adj. pressing; compelling; immediate; prompt
utilization n. employment; use of; putting to practical use
utilize v. to put to practical use; to take advantage of
utmost adj. being or situated at the most distant limit or point; farthest; of the highest or greatest degree, amount, or intensity; most extreme
utmost n. the greatest possible amount, degree, or extent; the maximum
托业考试综合辅导(18b)
token n. symbol; sign; mark; remembrance; memento; keepsake; coin that has no true value except in particular instances (i.e. token for one subway ride)toll n. tax; charge; levy; grievous price; act or sound of ringing a bell
topic n. theme; subject of conversation
total v. to add up; amount
tow n. act of dragging or pulling with a rope or chain
tow v. to pull; to drag
traffic v. to deal in; to sell (especially illegal drugs)
trail n. track; footprints; path; way
trail v. to follow; to drag; to tow
transact v. to carry out; to conduct; to perform
transaction n. negotiation; settlement; business deal
transcend v. to excel; to rise above
transcendent adj. sublime; exalted; superior
transfer n. exchange; conveying something from one person to another
transfer v. to move from one place to another; to convey; to relocate; to hand over; to pass on
transform v. to change markedly the appearance or form of; to change the nature, function, or condition of; convert
transfuse v. to pour (something) out of one vessel into another; to cause to be instilled or imparted; To diffuse through; permeate; to administer a transfusion of or to (medicine)
transgress v. to go beyond or over (a limit or boundary); exceed or overstep; to act in violation of (the law, for example)
transmit v. to send from one person, thing, or place to another; convey; to cause to spread; pass on; to impart or convey to others by heredity or inheritance; hand down
trash n. something discarded; something of no value; rubbish; garbage; refuse; nonsense
tray n. flat receptacle used to hold other items; platter
treasure v. to put away for future use
treatment n. medical care; therapy; care; relation; attitude; behavior; handling; usage; artistic or stylistic handling
treaty n. formal agreement between two states; compact; covenant; contract
tremendous adj. very great in numbers; huge; powerful
trespass v. to commit an offense or a sin; transgress or err; to commit an unlawful injury to the person, property, or rights of another, with actual or implied force or violence, especially to enter onto another's land wrongfully; to infringe on the privacy, time, or attention of another
trespasser n. one who damages a person or his property or rights; one who errs or sins; one who unlawfully enters another's territory; person who crosses a border; one who enters into forbidden territory
trial adj. experimental; exploratory; test; used as a sample
trial n. examination of facts by a judicial tribunal (Law); test; subjection to suffering or difficulty; attempt; experiment; annoyance
triangle n. shape having three sides and three corners; three-sided polygon; group of three
trivial adj. trifling; unimportant; insignificant; minor
trustee n. person granted legal custodianship over property not belonging to him; one who is appointed to administer an institution (Law)
trustee v. to grant a person or persons legal custodianship over property not belonging to them; to appoint a person or persons to administer an institution (Law)
tumble n. an act of tumbling; a fall; confusion; disorder
tumble v. to fall or roll end over end; to topple, as from power or a high position; fall; to drop; to collapse
turnabout n. the act of turning about and facing or moving in the opposite direction; a shift or change in opinion, loyalty, or allegiance
turnover n. number of people coming in and leaving (e.g. employees and customers); gross revenues; total business done; rate of selling or producing; change; reversal
托业考试综合辅导(18a)
tackle n. equipment; gear (especially for fishing); device for lifting and lowering objects; tools; implements; instance of wrestling another player to the ground (Football)tackle v. to deal with; to stop; to bring down (as in football); to undertake; to set about
tailor n. one who makes or alters garments
tailor v. to make or alter a garment; to create or adapt for a particular need or desire
take over v. to capture; to assume control
takeover n. act of assuming control of something (as in a government or business)
talkative adj. having a tendency to talk a lot; loquacious
tantalize v. to tempt or tease by presenting something as available and then withholding it
tantamount adj. equivalent to; equal to
tantrum n. a fit of bad temper
tariff n. a list or system of duties imposed by a government on imported or exported goods; a duty or duties so imposed
technician n. specialist in repairs of machinery and appliances
technique n. method of performance; technical skill; manner in which technical details are treated
technology n. sciences of the industrial arts; applied sciences; technical methods and processes
temporary adj. passing; brief
tempt n. to try to get (someone) to do wrong, especially by a promise of reward; to be inviting or attractive to; to cause to be strongly disposed
tenant n. lodger; occupant; resident; renter; one who possesses lands or property; landlord
tenant v. to rent; to inhabit; to occupy
tender adj. gentle; soft; delicate
tender n. bid; offer; overseer; supervisor; car attached to a locomotive for carrying fuel and water
tension n. tautness; strain; nervousness; agitation; apprehension; excitement
tentative adj. experimental; trial; temporary; hesitant
tenure n. strength; act of holding; period; permanence (especially as referring to one's status as an employee)
terminal adj. end; extremity; closing; concluding; final; mortal; incurable
terminal n. either end of a passenger line; bus or train station; point of connection to a current (Electricity)
terminate v. to bring to an end or halt; to discontinue the employment of; dismiss
terminology n. nomenclature; specific vocabulary
territory n. area under the jurisdiction of a state; region; district; zone; area; domain
testify v. to bear witness; to declare under oath; to attest
testimonial n. letter of recommendation; expression of esteem or admiration; statement of support or belief in something (especially espousing its benefits)
thorough adj. comprehensive; complete; finished
thoroughness n. diligence; neatness
thrive v. to prosper; to flourish; to succeed
throughout adv. in every; during
throughoutprep. in every part; at every point or moment
thus adv. therefore; so
timeliness n. punctuality
token adj. nominal; symbolic; perfunctory
托业考试综合辅导(17e)
subscribe v. to purchase a subscription (to a magazine, concert hall, etc.); to endorse; to sign; to donate; to contribute; to promise; to pledge; to support; to approvesubscription n. payment given for regularly scheduled performances or publications (i.e. magazine, concert series, etc.); endorsement; signing of one's name
subside v. to sink lower; to descend; to decline; to settle to the bottom; to abate; to dwindle; to lessen; to decrease
subsidiary adj. supplementary; auxiliary; secondary; lesser in importance; of or pertaining to a subsidy
subsidiary n. company that is owned or controlled by another company
subsidize v. to provide financial assistance
subsidy n. financial assistance
substantial adj. firm; solid; real; wealthy; influential; important; considerable; sizeable; ample
substantiate v. to prove; to verify; to confirm; to actualize; to make real; to strengthen; to solidify
substantive adj. existing independently; real; tangible; of or pertaining to the essence of something; functioning as a noun (Grammar); expressing existence (Grammar)
substantive n. (Grammar) noun; word or phrase functioning as a noun
substitute adj. acting as a replacement
substitute n. replacement; person or thing that takes the place of another
subtract v. to take away part of a whole; to remove; to deduct; to deduct one number from another (Mathematics)
succeed v. to prosper; to achieve; to attain; to come after; to follow; to take the place of; to inherit
succinct adj. stated briefly but clearly; clear and concise; short and to the point
sue v. to institute proceedings against (a person) for redress of grievances; to petition (a court) for redress of grievances or recovery of a right
sufficient adj. enough; adequate
suit n. matching outfit consisting of a jacket and trousers or a skirt; lawsuit; request; courtship; set; any of the four sets of playing cards in a standard deck
suit v. to fit; to match; to satisfy; to please; to provide with a suit; to clothe; to be suitable; to be satisfactory
suitcase n. rectangular traveling bag; valise
suite n. group of things that together form a set; group of connected rooms meant to be used together (as in a hotel, etc.); set of furniture; retinue; group of attendants
sum n. amount that is determined by adding two or more numbers; whole amount;
summarize v. to present in a condensed form; to list the main points in a brief and comprehensive manner; to sum up
superb adj. excellent; wonderful; splendid; magnificent
superfluous adj. being more than is needed; excessive; unnecessary
superior adj. higher in rank or position; above average; exceptional; better or greater than; supercilious; conceited
superior n. one who is higher than another in rank or position; one who is the head of a monastery or convent
supervise v. to oversee; to administer; to direct; to manage; to watch over
supervisor n. overseer; director; manager
supervisory adj. managerial; overseeing
supplement n. something which makes up for a deficiency; addition; extra added part
supplement v. to make up for a deficiency; to add on to
supplementary adj. additional; extra
supplier n. provider
suburb n. a usually residential area or community outlying a city; (suburbs) the usually residential region around a major city; the environs
suburban adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of a suburb; located or residing in a suburb; of, relating to, or characteristic of the culture, customs, and manners typical of life in the suburbs
surface adj. external
surface n. exterior or upper boundary of a thing; external part or layer; outward appearance
surmise v. to infer; to conjecture; to guess; to presume
surmount v. to overcome (an obstacle, for example); conquer; to ascend to the top of; climb
surplus n. profit; amount of assets that is higher than liabilities
surveillance n. careful observation of a person or group
survey n. act of measuring and recording the characteristics of a plot of land; land survey report (often in the form of a map); review; overview; statistical study
survey v. to look over; to observe; to examine carefully; to study; to measure and record the characteristics of a plot of land; to map
survive v. to continue to live after another has died; to outlive; to remain in use; to continue in existence; to outlast; to endure; to withstand
susceptible adj. vulnerable; prone; liable to be affected by illness; emotionally sensitive; impressionable
suspect adj. doubtful; dubious
suspend v. to hang; to cause to stop for a period of time; to postpone; to defer; to cause to be temporarily ineffective; to debar from an office or privilege temporarily; to expel
sustain v. to support; to provide for; to finance; to support from below; to nourish; to assist; to encourage; to comfort; to endure; to withstand; to prolong; to maintain; to preserve; to experience; to undergo; to uphold; to affirm; to confirm
swap n. exchange; trade
swap v. to exchange one thing for another; to trade; to barter; to make an exchange or trade
sway n. moving back and forth; influence; control; authority
sway v. to move back and forth; to swing to and fro; to lean in a certain direction; to be inclined toward; to be sympathetic to; to hesitate; to cause to swing; to influence; to affect the opinion or actions of
sweater n. pullover; warm long-sleeve knit shirt; one that sweats; something that induces sweating; employer who underpays his employees
swift adj. fast; quick; immediate; hasty; prompt; smart; clever (Informal)
switch n. exchange; transfer; slender flexible rod; hairpiece; whipping; device which opens or breaks an electric current; device that opens or closes circuits or selects paths (Computers)
switch v. to change; to shift; to exchange; to trade; to turn on or off
switchboard n. panel containing buttons for connecting and disconnecting telephone or electrical circuits
sympathy n. affinity; understanding; compassion; pity; concern; commiseration; empathy; approval
symposium n. meeting or conference at which a specific topic is discussed; collection of essays or writings on a given subject
symptom n. a characteristic sign or indication of the existence of something else; a sign or an indication of disorder or disease, especially when experienced by an individual as a change from normal function, sensation, or appearance
synthesis n. combining of separate elements into a complete whole; formation of a compound through the combination of simpler components (Chemistry); deductive logic
systematically adv. methodically; in an organized fashion
托业考试综合辅导(17d)
speculate v. to meditate on a subject; reflect; to engage in a course of reasoning often based on inconclusive evidence; to engage in the buying or selling of a commodity with an element of risk on the chance of profitspoil v. to impair the value or quality of; to damage irreparably; ruin; to impair the completeness, perfection, or unity of; flaw grievously; to do harm to the character, nature, or attitude of by over-solicitude, overindulgence, or excessive praise
sponsor n. one who donates money; person or organization that promotes or supports (an event, program, candidate, etc.); godparent
sponsor v. to back; to support; to finance; to subsidize; to promote
sporadic adj. irregular; fitful; occasional; infrequent
sprinkle n. the act of sprinkling; a light rainfall; a small amount; a sprinkling
sprinkle v. to scatter in drops or particles; to scatter drops or particles on; to distribute or intersperse at random
square adj. having four equal sides enclosing four equal angles; shaped like a square; perpendicular; aligned; sturdy; fair; honest; settled; even
square n. geometric figure having four equal sides; something shaped like a square; open area in a town or city; plaza; exponent of 2; tool with straight edges and a right angle
stable adj. steady; firm; fixed; lasting; dependable; faithful; not susceptible to change
stack n. heap; tall bookshelf; chimney; (Computers) area in memory where information can be stored and then retrieved in the reverse order; (Internet) layers of the open system interconnection used to transfer information
stack v. to place one thing on top of another in a heap; to pile
staff v. to employ a group of workers; to provide with employees; to man
stagnant adj. not moving or flowing; motionless; showing little or no sign of activity or advancement; not developing or progressing; inactive; lacking vitality or briskness; sluggish or dull
stake v. to risk; to gamble; to finance; to underwrite; to mark off a boundary using stakes; to tie to a stake
stall n. stand; booth; pen; compartment in a stable for an animal; pretext to delay; protective covering for a finger; (Airplanes) loss of control; loss of lift; (British) orchestra seats
stall v. to put into a stable; to delay; to check the progress of; to cause to stop; to cause to turn off (of a motor)
stance n. physical position or bearing; opinion; attitude
stand out v. to be conspicuous; to be noticeable; to project; to protrude; to persist in one's opposition to something; to maintain an offshore course (Nautical)
standard adj. serving as a model; normal; regular; typical; widely accepted
standard n. model; criterion; norm; average; flag; banner; commodity which backs a monetary system
standpoint n. outlook; perspective; view; opinion; attitude
staple adj. essential; regularly used; primary; principal; main (of goods or products)
staple n. metal clip for binding papers; basic food item; essential element; main crop or product of a region; trade item that is constantly in demand; fiber (of wool, cotton, etc.)
startle v. to cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start; to alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly
statement n. declaration; allegation; official account; printed record of account activity; instruction written in a high-level programming language (Computers)
stationary adj. not moving; still; fixed in place; not movable; static; unchanging; settled; tending to stay in one place
stationery n. writing implements; paper used for writing letters
statistical adj. of, relating to, or employing statistics or the principles of statistics
statistics n. branch of mathematics that deals with the collection and interpretation of numerical information
status n. individual's social or professional standing; position; rank; state of things; present situation
steadfast adj. loyal; faithful; unchanging
stingy adj. giving or spending reluctantly; scanty or meager
stipendiary adj. receiving of a regular or fixed payment; of or pertaining to a stipend
stipulate v. to require that certain conditions be met before the signing of a contract; to specify; to require; to promise; to guarantee (regarding a contract)
straightforward adj. frank; candid; sincere; honest; simple; uncomplicated; traveling in a straight course
strap v. to fasten with a strap; to tie with a narrow piece of leather; to beat with a strap; to lash
strategy n. plans or methods created for the purpose of achieving a goal; science of preparing long-term battle plans (Military)
streamline n. path along which a fluid flows; direction in which a particle flows (i.e. in a fluid); aerodynamic shape
streamline v. to design or build in a form which offers minimum resistance to a current of air or fluid; to make more efficient; to organize; to simplify
strengthen v. to make strong; to fortify; to reinforce; to toughen; to become strong
stretch v. to draw out to the full length; to extend; to elongate; to be extended; to reach out; to pull; to make taut; to strain; to be pulled; to be elongated; to lie down; to extend over a certain period of time; to span
strike n. hit; blow; temporary work stoppage; military assault; good luck; discovery of natural resources; knocking down of all pins at one time (Bowling); failure to hit a ball (Baseball)
strike v. to hit; to collide with; to attack; to assault; to afflict with a disease; to injure by biting; to impress; to produce a spark; to stamp; to eliminate; to arrive at; to reach; to instill; to temporarily cease working as a protest; to make
striped adj. marked with narrow bands of contrasting color or texture
strive v. to endeavor; to try hard; to compete; to struggle; to resist
stuffy adj. lacking sufficient ventilation; close; having the respiratory passages blocked; dull and boring
stumble n. the act of stumbling; a mistake or blunder
stumble v. to miss one's step in walking or running; trip and almost fall; to proceed unsteadily or falteringly; flounder; to make a mistake; blunder
subconscious adj. not wholly conscious; partially or imperfectly conscious
subdue v.to conquer and subjugate; vanquish; to quiet or bring under control by physical force or persuasion; make tractable; to make less intense or prominent; tone down
subjectively adv. based on individual thoughts and feelings
submission n. the act of submitting to the power of another; the state of being submissive or compliant; meekness
submissive adj. inclined or willing to submit
subordinate adj. inferior; of secondary importance; under the authority of another
subordinate n. one who is subservient; someone under the authority of another; one that is subjugated
托业考试综合辅导(17c)
slip n. slide; skid; trip; stumble; mistake; blunder; error; type of woman's undergarment; small piece of material (esp. paper); twig that is cut and used to grow a new plant; mixture of clay and water (used to decorate pottery); fabric coveringslip v. to glide; to move smoothly and easily; to sneak; to move quietly; to slide; to move slowly from one position to another; to decline; to deteriorate; to make a mistake; to err; to remove or put on quickly (of clothes); to escape; to avoid
slogan n. motto; phrase which summarizes the principles of a group or organization; catchword; attention getting phrase used in advertising; Scottish battle cry
slope n. side of a hill; incline; upward or downward slant; degree to which a surface deviates from the vertical
slope v. to incline; to slant upward or downward; to cause to tilt
sloppy adj. of, resembling, or covered with slop; muddy or slushy; marked by a lack of neatness or order; untidy; marked by a lack of care or precision; slipshod
slot n. notch; narrow opening; place; position (within a system, etc.)
slot v. to notch; to groove; to assign to a place or position (in an organization, system, etc.)
slump n. recession; sudden decrease; drooping posture; slouch; collapse; period of time in which performance is poor
slump v. to fall; to collapse; to droop; to slouch; to decline; to decrease; to deteriorate; to sink down; to settle
smash n. to break (something) into pieces suddenly, noisily, and violently; shatter; to strike with a heavy blow; batter; to crush or destroy completely
smash v. the act or sound of smashing; total defeat or destruction; ruin; financial failure; bankruptcy
smoothly adv. gently; without roughness or projections; evenly; without obstructions; without problems or difficulty; calmly; suavely
smudge n. a blotch or smear; a smoky fire used as a protection against insects or frost
smudge v. to make dirty, especially in one small area; to smear or blur (something)
snag n. a rough, sharp, or jagged protuberance; an unforeseen or hidden obstacle
snag v. to tear, break, hinder, or destroy by or as if by a snag
snap adj. made or done suddenly, with little or no preparation
snap n. a sudden sharp cracking sound or the action producing such a sound; a sudden breaking; a sudden attempt to bite, snatch, or grasp
snap v. to make a brisk sharp cracking sound; to break suddenly with a brisk, sharp, cracking sound; to speak abruptly or sharply; to move swiftly and smartly
snatch n. a quick grasp or grab; a brief period of time; a small amount; a bit or fragment
snatch v. to grasp or seize hastily, eagerly, or suddenly; to grasp or seize illicitly
sneakers n. sports shoe; one who moves about stealthily; one who acts furtively
soar v. to fly at a great height; to glide; to fly upward; to ascend; to increase; to rise
software n. programs which control the functions of a computer's hardware
solace n. consolation; relief from distress; source of comfort
solace v. to comfort; to console; to encourage; to relieve; to appease
solely adv. only; exclusively; merely
solicit v. to try and obtain something through persuasion or earnest requests; to attempt to convince someone to give or do something; to try to influence another to commit an illegal act; to offer sex in exchange for money
solitary adj. existing, living, or going without others; alone; happening, done, or made alone; having no companions; lonesome or lonely
solve v. to find the answer to; to explain
somber adj. gloomy; dark; depressing; sad; glum; mournful; very serious
sophisticated adj. seasoned; worldly-wise; refined; cultured; complex; intricate; complicated
sound adj. whole; healthy; in good condition; sane; firm; having a solid foundation; secure; valid; reasonable; thorough; moral; trustworthy; having common sense; conservative
sound n. vibrations that can be detected by the human ear; noise; vocal utterance; range in which something can be heard; implication; meaningless noise
souvenir n. a token of remembrance; a memento
spa n. a resort providing therapeutic baths; a resort area having mineral springs
spacious adj. generous or large in area or extent; roomy; vast in range or scope
span n. length; distance; duration; period of time; section between two bridge supports; wing span; distance between the tip of an outstretched thumb and little finger; unit of length equal to the space between thumb and little finger
span v. to extend across; to stretch from one point another; to bridge; to measure with an extended hand; to surround with the hand or hands
specialize v. to devote oneself to a particular profession or field of study; to adapt to a particular environment (Biology); to limit; to restrict; to make special
specialty n. distinguishing mark; unique ability; field in which one specializes; area of expertise; something having special qualities or worth
specification n. item or detail included in a description of requirements or plans; detailed written description of an invention submitted in a patent request
specify v. to describe clearly; to indicate; to itemize; to mark; to designate; to stipulate
托业考试综合辅导(17b)
seminar n. educational meeting devoted to a particular topic; advanced academic course requiring a large amount of independent research; meeting of an advanced academic course which requires a large amount of independent researchsenior adj. older; elder; having a higher rank; elderly; aged; pertaining to students in their final year at a school or university
senior n. student in his final year at a school or university; person of higher rank; older person; elder; senior citizen
sensible adj. rational; reasonable; wise; judicious; cognizant; aware; able to be perceived; perceptive; able to perceive; considerable; appreciable
sensitive adj. having the capacity for feeling; susceptible to external influences or agents; responsive; reactive; delicate; requiring special care or treatment; touchy; responding acutely to emotional stimuli; temperamental
sequence n. progression; succession; series of things in succession; order; arrangement; chain of events; series of scenes which make up one episode of a film (Cinema); consequence; outcome; order of monomers within a polymer chain (Genetics)
series n. sequence; succession; television program broadcast in installments; (Mathematics) sequence of numbers which are added together in succession (often an infinite sequence)
session n. meeting; assembly; period of time during which a meeting takes place; term; semester; period of time that a school is open and holding classes
set out v. to display; to begin to pursue a certain goal or direction; to undertake; to attempt; to begin a journey; to lay out in a systematical fashion; to arrange; to plant
set up v. to establish; to start; to found; to being; to raise
setback n. obstacle; misfortune; something which hinders progress; instance of hindering progress
setup n. arrangement; structure; organization; hoax; staged event with a predetermined outcome; configuration of hardware or software (Computers)
severely adv. seriously; gravely; acutely; critically
shabby adj. showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-out; dilapidated or deteriorated in condition, especially through neglect; seedy; despicable; mean
shareholder n. person or organization that owns part of a company
shelf n. flat board attached horizontally to a wall or frame and used for storing or displaying items; something which resembles a shelf; projection; rock ledge; sandbank; sand bar
shipment n. sending of cargo or freight; cargo or freight that is transported
shipping n. business of sending or transporting cargo; sea voyage (Archaic)
shipyard n. place where vessels are built and repaired
shortage n. lack; scarcity; deficit; deficiency
shredder n. device used to destroy documents by cutting them into small strips or pieces
shrewdness n. intelligence; ability to think in a clever manner
significance n. meaning; sense; quality of having meaning
significant adj. important; consequential; meaningful; having meaning; of a considerable amount
signification n. meaning; sense; importance; consequence; act of pointing out
signify v. to represent; to indicate; to communicate; to express; to convey; to have importance; to have significance
simmer v. to be cooked gently or remain just at or below the boiling point; to be filled with pent-up emotion
simulate v. to copy; to pretend; to fake
simulation n. act of pretending; counterfeit; imitation of the operation or features of one system using an other system (i.e. computer simulation)
sincere adj. honest; truthful; frank; straightforward; genuine; earnest
sincerely adv. honestly; genuinely; earnestly; faithfully; sincerely yours (used at the end of a letter)
skim v. to remove matter floating on the surface of a liquid; to glide on or just above a surface; to glance through quickly; to cause an object to skip across the surface of a liquid
skirting n. act of going around; avoidance; evasion
slam v. to shut with force and loud noise; to put, throw, or otherwise forcefully move so as to produce a loud noise; to hit or strike with great force
slander n. false and injurious statements made about another; defamation; calumny
slander v. to make false and injurious statements about another; to defame; to vilify; to malign
slantwise adj. sloping; inclined
slantwise adv. at an angle; obliquely; in a slanting direction
slap n. a sharp blow made with the open hand or with a flat object; a smack; a sharp insult
slap v. to strike with a flat object, such as the palm of the hand; to cause to strike sharply and loudly; to put or place quickly or carelessly; to criticize or insult sharply
sleeve n. a part of a garment that covers all or part of an arm
slice n. thin piece cut from a larger object; portion; share
slice v. to cut into portions; to cut off from; to make a cut in; to cut into; to cleave; to move quickly through
托业考试综合辅导(17a)
safety n. freedom from danger; quality of not causing injury or losssalient adj. conspicuous; bulging outward; protruding; remarkable; noticeable
salient n. angle that points outward; narrow piece of land that projects outward from the surrounding surface (Geology)
salvage n. act of rescuing; rescued items
salvage v. to save from destruction; to rescue
sanitary adj. hygienic; clean; healthy; promoting hygiene or cleanliness; pertaining to cleanliness; pertaining to sanitation
satisfaction n. appeasement of a desire; gratification of a need; feeling of gratification; pleasure; contentment; compensation; remuneration; placation; appeasement; fulfillment
satisfy v. to fulfill; to meet a request or requirement; to compensate; to remunerate
savvy n. understanding; wisdom; intelligence (Slang)
saw n. tool for cutting consisting of a toothed blade; saying; maxim; proverb
saw v. to cut with a toothed blade
scale n. progression of steps; table of graduated rates; system of marks used for measuring; flake; one of many thin plates forming a protective covering; weighing device
scale v. to climb; to ascend; to weigh; to do according to a particular ratio; to remove flakes or scales; to become covered in timescale; to change the size of something; to adjust the size of a picture; to resize a picture (Computers)
scan n. close examination; scrutinizing look; computerized images created by an optical scanner (Computers); computerized image of the human body created through the use of medical imaging techniques (Medicine)
scan v. to convert an object or image into a digital image using an optical scanner (Computers); to browse; to glance at quickly; to examine a body part through the use of medical imaging techniques (Medicine); to determine the meter of a verse
scanner n. peripheral device used to convert objects or images into digital images (Computers)
scatterbrained adj. unable to think in a clear and orderly manner; giddy or frivolous
scene n. place where an event occurs; vista; view; outburst of excited emotion; division in a play; scenery; backdrop; setting; locale; episode of a story; sphere of activity; situation;
scenery n. view; vista; panorama; set; backdrop used onstage to portray a particular setting or locale
schedule n. timetable; agenda; itinerary; plan
schedule v. to create a timetable; to enter into a timetable; to plan for a certain date
scope n. range; extent; sphere; area; space; expanse; opportunity or room for action and thought
scramble n. climb over rough terrain; struggle for possession; disorderly or chaotic proceeding
scramble v. to mix while cooking (usually about eggs); to jumble; to mix together confusedly; to clamber; to climb on all fours; to struggle; to bustle; to hasten; to collect in a disorderly fashion
scrap n. a small piece or bit; a fragment; discarded waste material, especially metal suitable for reprocessing; (scraps) leftover bits of food
scrap v. to break down into parts for disposal or salvage; to discard as worthless or sell to be reused as parts; junk
scratch n. abrasion; cut; small laceration; score of zero; starting line for a race; cash;
scratch v. to rub; to make a small cut or laceration; to scrape with the fingernails to relieve an itch; to make a grating sound; to achieve or obtain with difficulty; to delete; to cross out
screen v. to cover with a curtain; to filter; to sift; to hide; to conceal; to separate; to divide; to protect; to shield; to project a film; to show a movie
scribble n. careless hurried writing; meaningless marks and lines
scribble v. to write hurriedly without heed to legibility or style; to cover with scribbles, doodles, or meaningless marks
scrupulous adj. moral; adhering to ethical principles; precise; strict; exact
scrutinize v. to examine; to investigate; to check closely; to inspect (also scrutinize)
seamlessly adv. smoothly; continuously; inconspicuously
season v. to spice; to flavor; to accustom; to acclimatize; to cause another person to become experienced; to become experienced; to dry wood in preparation for use
seclude v. to set or keep apart, as from social contact with others; to screen from view; make private
security n. safety; protection; defense; act of making safe; pledge; guarantee; stock; bond; freedom from danger; serenity; tranquility
segment n. part; portion; slice; piece
segment v. to partition; to be partitioned
segregate v. to separate or isolate from others or from a main body or group; to impose the separation of (a race or class) from the rest of society
self-employed adj. independent; independent contractor; business owner; person who is not a hired laborer
semester n. one of the two periods of an academic year (usually 15-18 weeks)
托业考试综合辅导(16d)
resource n. supply; stock; means of accomplishing a goal; expedient; ability to deal effectively with various situationsrespective adj.relating to two or more persons or things regarded individually; particular
respond v. to answer; to reply; to react
response n. reply; answer; reaction
responsible adj. dependable; reliable; accountable; liable
responsive adj. answering; reacting (esp. positively or sympathetically); characterized by singing or reading in alternation
restitution n.the act of restoring to the rightful owner something that has been taken away, lost, or surrendered; the act of making good or compensating for loss, damage, or injury; indemnification
restore v. to bring back into existence or use; reestablish; to bring back to an original condition; to make restitution of; give back
restriction n. limitation; limit
resume n. summary, synopsis; abstract; CV; curriculum vitae
resume v. to recommence; to begin again; to retake; to take back; to continue; to go on
retail adj. pertaining to the sale of goods to final consumers; of the sale of merchandise to end users
retail n. sale of products to final consumers, sale of goods to end users
retailer n. person or business that sells goods to final consumers; person or company that sells merchandise to end users (consumers)
retain v. to maintain possession of; to keep or hold in a particular place, condition, or position; to keep in mind; remember
reticent adj. keeping quiet; reserved; showing self-restraint
retire v. to withdraw from a position (usually due to old age); go into seclusion; to withdraw; to remove oneself from a particular situation; to go to bed
retirement n. withdrawal from one's job or occupation
retreat n. the act or process of withdrawing, especially from something hazardous, formidable, or unpleasant; the process of going backward or receding from a position or condition gained; withdrawal of a military force from a dangerous position or from an enemy attack
retreat v. to fall or draw back; withdraw or retire
retrench v. to cut down; reduce; to remove, delete, or omit
retrieval n. act of bringing back; restoration; act of finding information and sending it to the user as output
retrieve v. to recover; to regain; to bring back; to fetch; to find and bring back; to rescue; to save; to find information and display it as output (Computers)
reveal v. to show; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to disclose; to make public
revenue n. income; return; gains; government income earned through taxation; government agency that collects tax monies; source of income
revere v. to respect deeply; to honor greatly
reverse adj. having the back side exposed to view; opposite; contrary; moving or behaving in a manner opposite to the norm
reverse n. opposite; contrary; back side; rear; setback; misfortune; defeat; gear or mechanism that drives movement in a direction opposite to the normal direction; area printed with a light design on a dark background (Printing)
revise n. act of making changes; alteration; proof sheet made to verify changes made and check for additional errors
revise v. to make changes in order to improve something; to edit; to correct; to produce an updated or corrected version
revive v. to resuscitate; to bring back to life; to put into action again
revolve v. to rotate; to turn; to spin; to encircle; to move in a circle around a central point; to think about; to contemplate
ribbon n.a narrow strip or band of fine fabric, such as satin or velvet, finished at the edges and used for trimming, tying, or finishing
rigorous adj. harsh; strict; severe; exact; precise; strictly accurate
rival adj. being in competition, contending
rival n. competitor, opponent, contender
rivalry n. competition; contention; act of competing
roast v. to cook with dry heat, as in an oven or near hot coals; to dry, brown, or parch by exposing to heat; to expose to great or excessive heat
robe n. a long loose flowing outer garment
robust adj. strong; healthy
rotten adj. decayed; decomposed; putrid; spoiled; extremely bad; very unpleasant; despicable
route n. track, path; customary series of stops during a trip; path taken by a data package sent from one point on the Internet to another (Computers)
route v. to direct along a particular path; to mark a route; to chart a course
routine adj. commonplace; ordinary; usual; customary; habitual
routine n. commonplace activity; everyday task; habit; custom; practice; procedure that is always the same; part of a computer program containing instructions for a particular task (Computers)
royalties n. sovereignty; royal status or power; kingdom; domain; realm; member of a royal family; percentage of profits paid to an artist for each copy of his work that is sold
rural adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of the country; of or relating to people who live in the country; of or relating to farming; agricultural
托业考试综合辅导(16c)
remote adj. distant, located far away; secluded; isolated; distant in time or relation; aloof; standoffish; operated by remote control; slight; unlikelyremoval n. act of taking off; act of shedding; act of taking away; elimination; ejection; dismissal
remove n. degree of difference; step or degree in a graduated scale; (British) promotion of a student to a higher grade
remove v. to take off; to shed; to take away; to eliminate; to get rid of; to eject; to dismiss; to discharge
render v. to give; to submit; to do; to transform; to bring to a particular condition; to represent; to depict; to translate; to automatically create a three-dimensional picture according to a model within a computer (Computers)
renege n. the act of reneging
renege v.to fail to carry out a promise or commitment
renew v. to restore to good condition; to restart; to resume; to refresh; to extend for an additional period of time
renewal n. the act of renewing or the state of having been renewed
renovate v. to restore to an earlier condition, as by repairing or remodeling; to impart new vigor to; revive
renovation n. act of repairing; renewal; act of restoring to good condition
renowned adj. famous; prominent
rental adj. available to lease or rent
rental n. money paid for the use of property; property that is leased; act of leasing
repeal n. the act or process of repealing
repeal v.to revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act
repetition n. reiteration; act of redoing something
replace v. to substitute for; to provide a substitute item; to return something to a particular position or location
replacement n. substitution; substitute
repo n. agreement in which the seller of securities agrees to buy them back at a specified time and price
represent v. to act as an agent on behalf of a person or organization; to symbolize; to stand for; to depict; to represent; to portray
representative adj. typical; characteristic; serving to portray or depict; acting on behalf of another person or organization
representative n. delegate; agent; person who acts on behalf of another person or organization
reprove v. to accuse; to admonish
reputation n. regard; esteem; renown
request n. petition; instance of asking for something; something that is asked for; object of a petition
request v. to ask for; to petition for
require v. to demand; to claim; to need; to call for; to have need for; to order; to command; to necessitate; to compel
requirement n. something that is demanded; necessity; something that is needed
reschedule v. to set a new time and date
resemble v. to be similar to; to be akin to; to look like; to have a similar appearance to
reservation n. park; land set aside for a specific use; doubt; misgiving; act of ordering in advance (hotel room, airline ticket, etc.)
reserve requirement n. minimum amount of money and liquid assets set by the central banking system of the U.S.
residence n. dwelling place; abode; home; domicile; act of living; act of residing; period of time that one lives in a particular place; headquarters of a business
resident adj. staying in a particular place; not migratory; intrinsic; existing (about characteristics); permanently stored in memory (Computers)
resident n. inhabitant; one who lives in a particular location; doctor who is training in a medical specialty; diplomat who lives in a foreign court
residential adj. intended for inhabitation; occupied with homes
residual adj. enduring; lasting; continuing; leftover; remaining; left as a residue
resign v. to quit an office or position; to relinquish; to give up; to abdicate; to submit to; to quietly accept
resignation n. act of quitting a position; letter stating that one quits a position; relinquishment; abdication; act of giving up; submission; quiet acceptance
resilience n. elasticity; ability to return to the original shape; cheerfulness; quality of quickly recovering from sadness or failure; buoyancy
resist v. to oppose; to fight against; to challenge; to withstand; to be immune to the effects of; to refrain from; to desist
resistance n. opposition; act of fighting against; act of withstanding the effects of; quality of a conductor which resists an electrical current (Electricity); underground organization in an occupied country which fights against the occupying forces
resolute adj. determined; firm; steadfast
resolve n. firm decision, ruling; decisiveness; determination
resolve v. to determine; to decide; to separate into constituent parts
resonate v. to echo
托业考试综合辅导(16b)
reference n. comment; remark; ascription; relation; mention; allusion; regard; note that directs a reader to another source of information; supporting evidence taken from another book or publicationreference v. to add a footnote; to place a note that directs readers to another source of information (in a book, journal, etc.)
reflect v. to mirror; to send back a mirror image; to send back energy from a surface; to send back; to cause to return; to express; to give a particular impression; to contemplate; to think
reflection n. act of casting back a mirror image; act of sending back energy from a surface; state of being reflected; image that is reflected; idea, concept; thought, notion; act of placing blame, accusation
refrain from v. to hold oneself back; forbear
refund n. return of money; repayment; reimbursement
refund v. to return money; to reimburse; to repay; to provide new funds; to finance again
refurbish v. to make new again; to renovate; to restore to good condition
refusal n. denial; rejection
refuse n. garbage; trash; waste
refuse v. to decline; to deny; to reject
refute v. to prove to be false or erroneous; overthrow by argument or proof; to deny the accuracy or truth of
regard n. esteem; respect; thought; consideration; look; glance; outward appearance; reference; relation; care; attention
regard v. to gaze at; to look at; to concern; to relate to; to esteem; to appreciate; to consider; to pay heed to; to take notice; to pay attention
regardingprep. with relation to
regardless adj. inattentive; unmindful
regardless adv. without consideration for possible problems; without regard to potential difficulties; anyway; in any case
regress v. to move backward; to go back; to go back to a former state; to return to a previous condition
regular adj. occurring at fixed intervals; normal; usual; ordinary; common
regularly adv. at fixed intervals; at evenly-spaced intervals; usually; customarily
regulate v. to control; to govern; to manage; to adjust to a specific level or condition
regulations n. statute; law; act of controlling; management; direction; state of being controlled; state of being managed
rehearsal n. practice session for a performance
rehearse v. to drill; to practice an action repeatedly in order to perfect it
reimburse v. to repay; to refund; to compensate for a loss; to repay for an expense
reimbursement n. act of paying back; repayment; compensation for a loss; repayment for an expense
reinforce v. to strengthen; to fortify; to support; to increase; to provide a reward or punishment in order to encourage or discourage a particular response (Psychology)
reinforcement n. act of strengthening, reward or punishment designed to encourage or discourage a particular response
reiterate v. to repeat; to say again; to restate
reject n. something or someone that does not match up to standards; object of lower quality
reject v. to decline; to deny; to turn down
relate v. to narrate; to tell; to make a connection between; to have a connection with; to have a good relationship with
relation n. narration; act of telling; kinsman; family member; connection; association; connection between two persons; relationship
relationship n. emotional connection that exists between two people; connection; association; closeness; kinship
release n. freedom; liberation; newly distributed film (or record, book, etc.); press release; statement provided to the media
release v. to set free; to liberate; to emancipate; to loosen a hold; to unfasten; to make available to the general public; to surrender; to give up (Law)
relevant adj. pertinent; related; connected to the current subject
reliable adj. credible; trustworthy; dependable
relief n. easement; alleviation; liberation; support provided to the needy; embossment; sculpture in which the forms project outward from the surface; aid; assistance
relieve v. to cause a lessening or alleviation of; to free from pain, anxiety, or distress; to furnish assistance or aid to; to rescue from siege
relinquish v. to cede; to surrender; to give up; to forsake; to abandon
relocate v. to move to a different apartment; to move to a different place; to change the location of something
reluctant adj. unwilling; disinclined; exhibiting or marked by unwillingness; offering resistance; opposing
rely v. to depend on; to trust in
remain v. to stay; to abide; to continue; to go on
remark n. comment; observation; notice
remark v. to notice; to observe; to comment; to state; to say
remarkable adj. striking; noteworthy; extraordinary; exceptional
remind v. to cause to remember
remit n. act of forgiving; discharging; dispatching
remit v. to forgive; to absolve; to release; to discharge; to abate; to relax; to slacken; to send; to dispatch
托业考试综合辅导(16a)
&Dabbr. department in a company that develops new productsradiate v. to send out rays or waves; to issue or emerge in rays or waves
raise n. increase in salary; wage increase
raise v. to elevate; to lift; to excite; to arouse; to cause; to bring about; to grow; to cultivate
ranches n. farm with large pastureland for raising livestock
randomly adv. accidentally; by chance
range n. mountain chain; meadow; pasture; scope; extent; shooting gallery; field; domain; assortment
range v. to determine the scope of a target; to extend; to stretch; to vary; to fluctuate within certain boundaries
rank v. to arrange in a line; to arrange in a row; to grade; to classify; to assign a rank
rarely adv. infrequently; not often; seldom
rate n. proportion between two things; price, cost; speed, pace; tax, assessment
rate v. to assess, to appraise, to determine value; to grade, to classify, to sort
rational adj. logical; reasonable; intelligent; prudent; expressible as a whole number (Mathematics)
razor n. a sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or other body parts; an electric instrument with vibrating or rotating blades used for shaving
razor v. to shave, cut, or remove with or as with a razor
readership n. total number of people who subscribe to a particular publication
readiness n. preparedness; willingness; promptness; quickness
rear adj. back; hind
rear n. back end; hindmost unit of an army (or fleet, etc.)
reasonable adj. rational; logical; intelligent; wise; plausible; likely; credible
rebound n. backlash
rebound v. to spring back
rebuild v. to reconstruct; to erect again
recant v. to give up; to renounce; to deny; to disavow; to retract
recap v. to reclose with a cap; to replace a cap; to put new treads onto a tire; to recapitulate; to summarize; to review with a short summary
receipt n. bill of sale; written statement of purchases
reception n. acceptance; event in which guests are formally welcomed by their host; check-in
receptionist n. person who greets visitors or clients on the telephone and upon their arrival
recession n. slow economy, period characterized by a decline in the gross domestic product during two or more consecutive quarters; ebb, decline; withdrawal; act of receding
recipe n. a set of directions with a list of ingredients for making or preparing something, especially food; a formula for or means to a desired end
recipient n. person who accepts; person who takes or gets
reclaim v. to demand the return of property; to regain possession; to repossess
recognition n. acknowledgment; identification
recognizable adj. identifiable; determinable; able to be distinguished; can be recognized
recognize v. to identify; to acknowledge; to know; to admit; to acknowledge as true
recommend v. to advocate; to endorse; to speak well of; to advise; to suggest
recommendation n. endorsement; approval; letter of reference; suggestion; advice
recompense v. to award compensation to; to award compensation for; make a return for
reconsider v. to contemplate again
reconstruct v. to construct again; rebuild; to assemble or build again mentally; re-create; to cause to adopt a new attitude or outlook
recover v. to get well; to get back; to regain; to obtain again
recovery n. recuperation; getting well; return
recruit n. new member of a group; one who is newly enlisted or drafted into the armed forces
recruit v. to enlist or draft new members (esp. for the armed forces); to gain; to obtain; to procure
recruitment n. act of enlisting or drafting new members (esp. into the armed forces)
rectangle n. parallelogram
rectify v. to fix; to repair; to correct; to calibrate; to adjust
redemption n. the act of redeeming or the condition of having been redeemed; recovery of something pawned or mortgaged; the payment of an obligation, as a government's payment of the value of its bonds
refer v. to send; to direct; to ascribe to; to relate to; to pertain to; to apply to; to call attention to; to allude to
托业考试综合辅导(15)
qualification n. fitness; suitability; act of making suitable; restrictive modification; limitation; diploma or certificate stating one's abilitiesqualify v. to train; to certify; to meet the minimum standards; to limit; to restrict; to attribute a quality or characteristic; to moderate; to modify
quality adj. excellent; having superior characteristics; fine
quality n. degree of excellence; characteristic; attribute; nature; character; excellence
quantity n. amount; extent; measure; degree; large amount; size; magnitude (Mathematics)
quarantine n. a period of time during which a vehicle, person, or material suspected of carrying a contagious disease is detained at a port of entry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country; enforced isolation or restriction of free movement imposed to prevent the spread of contagious disease
quarantine v. to isolate in or as if in quarantine; to isolate politically or economically
quarter adj. being one fourth; being one forth; having four equal parts
quarter n. one fourth; neighborhood; coin worth 25 cents (used in USA and Canada); quadrant; period of three months; place, location; district, region; mercy; clemency
quarterly adj. occurring every three months, taking place four times a year
quarterly adv. four times a year, once every three months
queue v. to stand in line; to make a row, to form a line (British)
queue n. line, file (British); row; braid, plait
quotation n. act of repeating the words of another person; citation, passage taken from another source; reference; commercial offer; statement of price, offer of a price; price that has been stated or offered
quote n. citation, passage taken from another source; commercial offer; quotation mark, punctuation mark used to enclose a direct citation
quote v. to cite, to repeat the words of another person; to offer as evidence to support a claim; to state a price, to offer a price; to enclose in quotation marks
托业考试综合辅导(14b)
potent adj. possessing inner or physical strength; powerful; exerting or capable of exerting strong influence; cogentpotential adj. possible; capable of becoming; able to be
potential n. possibility; ability; capability of being; possible energy (Electricity)
powerful adj. exerting great force; effective; potent; producing the desired effect; mighty; authoritative; influential
praiseworthy adj. meriting praise; highly commendable
precede v. to go before; to come before; to be in front; to be ahead of; to predate; to happen before
precept n. a rule or principle prescribing a particular course of action or conduct
precise adj. exact; not more and not less; meticulous; exacting; strict
precisely adv. exactly; accurately; definitely; certainly; surely
precondition n. advance stipulation; preliminary terms
precondition v. to train in advance; to put in the necessary condition ahead of time; to condition beforehand
predestination n. the act of predestining or the condition of being predestined; destiny; fate
predict v. to prophesy; to foretell; to announce in advance
predictable adj. can be prophesied; can be foretold
predisposition n. sensitivity; susceptibility (to disease, etc.)
predominate v. to control to rule over; to be superior; to be of higher rank or authority; to comprise a majority; to prevail; to preponderate; to be wide-spread
preempt v. to occupy a place; to take a place; to obtain at an advance opportunity; to acquire by preemptive right
preface n. introduction; foreword; opening statement
preface v. to use as an introduction; to use as a foreword; to write an introduction; to write a foreword
prefer v. to hold superior; to appoint; to nominate; to like better; to promote; to advance; to bring before (a judge, governor, etc.)
preference n. favor; liking; fondness; priority; superior status; something that is preferred; favorite; option within a menu that can be individually adjusted and determines the appearance or function of a program or operation system (Computers)
pregnant adj. carrying developing offspring within the body; weighty or significant; full of meaning; having a profusion of ideas
prejudice n. preconceived opinion; bias; sentence passed before proper examination of the circumstances
prejudice v. to express a preconceived opinion; to express one's biases; to infringe on someone's rights; to injure the rights of another
premises n. property; site; area; grounds; lands; office or building with the grounds belonging to it
premium n. supplementary charge; additional charge; amount paid for insurance; prize; reward; tuition
premonition n. a presentiment of the future; a foreboding; a warning in advance; a forewarning
prepaid adj. paid in advance; remunerated ahead of time; settled beforehand via payment
prerogative n. right; special privilege
prescribe v. to set down as a rule or guide; enjoin; to order the use of (a medicine or other treatment)
prescription n. written order for a medication; instruction; directive; order; command
preserve n. area of land set aside to protect natural resources and wildlife
preserve v. to guard; to keep safe; to keep; to defend; to protect; to make everlasting
president n. head; leader; chairman; chief
pressure n. exertion of force; application of weight; weight; burden; encumbrance
presume v. to take for granted; to dare; to venture; to take liberties; to permit oneself
pretend adj. simulated, feigned, make-believe
pretend v. to impersonate; to act in a role; to claim; to assert
pretense n. feigning; pretending; impersonation; false show; false appearance; claim; assertion
pretentious adj. impersonating; putting on a false appearance; pretending; feigning; arrogant; haughty
prevail v. to win; to succeed; to overcome; to surpass; to prove superior; to predominate; to rule; to reign
prevalent adj. common; widespread; current
prevent v. to cause not to happen; to avert; to delay; to impede; to hinder
preventive adj. averting; avoiding; delaying; inhibiting; hindering; designed to avert unwanted circumstances
preventive n. safeguard; something used to avert an unwanted situation
previous adj. earlier; antecedent; hasty; premature
previously adv. before; at an earlier time; in the past; antecedently
primarily adv. chiefly; principally; mainly; in the first place; initially
principal adj. chief; head; leading; primary; main; major; first in rank; of the highest importance or priority
principal n. school director, school master; capital sum (Finance)
principle n. doctrine; tenet; precept; fundamental law; primary law on which other laws are based
prior adj. earlier; antecedent; former
prior n. officer of a monastery, high-ranking member of a religious order
prioritize v. to set priorities; to organize according to importance
priority n. preference; precedence; higher rank; privileged position; seniority; precedence
privacy n. seclusion, solitude, reclusion; state of being private, secrecy, confidentiality; freedom from harassment or disturbance
privatize v. to transfer control from governmental to individual powers
privilege n. special individual right not enjoyed by others; benefit; right; advantage; prerogative; benefits given only to people of a particular group; immunity from legal prosecution
privilege v. to grant special rights; to give special advantages or benefits; to provide immunity from legal prosecution; to exempt; to release from a particular obligation
probably adv. almost certainly; very likely; apparently; in all likelihood
procedure n. routine; protocol; course of action; subroutine; sequence of instructions (Computers)
proceed v. to continue; to carry on; to advance; to progress; to move forward
process n. routine; course of action; advance; summons to court; program which uses some of a multitasking computer's system resources (Computers); projecting part in an organism
process v. to treat; to adapt; to prepare; to make ready
procrastinatev. to put off doing something; postpone doing what one should be doing
procure v. to obtain; to acquire; to get; to buy; to purchase
procurement n. purchase; sale; acquisition
production n. manufacture; assembly; output;, yield; process of publicizing a motion picture (or play, television program, etc.)
productivity n. generativeness, creativeness; fruitfulness, prolificness, state of accomplishing a large amount of work
profession n. vocation; skilled occupation; total people engaged in a profession; declaration; proclamation; avowal; acknowledgement
professional adj. of a skilled occupation; working in one of the skilled occupations
professional n. person who works in a skilled occupation, specialist
proficiency n. expertise; state of having expert skills; skillfulness; adeptness; masterfulness
profit n. earnings; financial gain; benefit; avail; financial income; advantage; privilege
profit v. to earn income; to make financial gains; to be of service; to be beneficial; to be advantageous
profitable adj. lucrative; paying; rewarding; beneficial; producing income
profuse adj. plentiful; abundant; generous; giving freely; extravagant; wasteful
profusion n. plentifulness; abundance; numerousness;, plurality; wasteful spending; squandering; lavishness; excess
programmer n. person who creates sets of instructions for a computer or other device
progress n. headway; forward movement; development; advancement
progress v. to advance; to move forward; to gain
prohibit v. to outlaw; to forbid by law; to interdict; to enjoin; to ban; to prevent; to hinder
proliferate v. to reproduce quickly; to multiply rapidly; to thrive; to grow quickly
proliferation n. rapid multiplication; rapid reproduction; prosperity; rapid growth; instance of thriving
prolific adj. fruitful, productive; abundant, plentiful; reproducing, multiplying; producing fruit
prolong v. to extend; to lengthen
promise n. pledge; vow; declaration of intention; source of hope; basis for expectations
promise v. to pledge; to give one's word; to vow; to commit oneself to a certain course of action
promote v. to further; to advance; to advance in rank or position; to foster sales through advertising; to encourage sales; to aid; to help; to assist; to obtain through trickery
promotional adj. of publicizing; of advancement; of encouragement; of fostering; of an enterprise; of an initiative
promulgate v. to make known (a decree, for example) by public declaration; announce officially; to put (a law) into effect by formal public announcement
proof adj. resistant; invulnerable; impervious; sealed; durable; capable of withstanding; used in proofreading; serving as a trial print
proof v. to make resistant; to make impervious; to make a trial print for proofreading; to proofread, to edit
propensity n. inclination; tendency; disposition; aptitude; special trait; distinct trait
property n. possessions; belongings; estate; assets; ownership; characteristic; attribute; prop used on-stage during a performance (Theater)
propitious adj. presenting favorable circumstances; auspicious; kindly; gracious
proposal n. suggestion; tender; plan; offer of marriage
propose v. to suggest; to recommend; to tender; to make an offer of marriage
proposition n. offer; plan; theory; theorem (Mathematics); problem
prosaic adj. common; regular; boring; tedious; unimaginative; dull; resembling prose; similar to the writing style for prose
proscribe v. to denounce or condemn; to prohibit; forbid; to banish or outlaw (a person)
prospect n. chance; probability of advancement or success; hope; promise; view; vista; scene; outlook; perspective; potential customer (Economics)
prospect v. to search for valuable materials (such as gold, oil, etc.); to examine an area for the presence of valuable materials
prospectus n. document or brochure providing a brief description of a project or enterprise (provided to potential clients or investors)
protection n. defense; shelter; safety; act of safeguarding; act of defending
protocol n. method of dealing with a certain subject; draft of a treaty; rules of behavior; standard for dealing with data transfer (Computers)
provision n. supply; stock; act of supplying or furnishing; measure; means; food; condition; stipulation
provision v. to supply with stock; to equip with supplies (esp. food)
proximity n. adjacency; nearness; closeness; vicinity
prudent adj. characterized by, arising from, or showing prudence
publication n. process of producing and distributing printed material; any printed material that has been produced and distributed (such as journals, pamphlets, etc.); act of publicizing, act of advertising
publicize v. to advertise; to bring to the attention of a large audience
pull out v. to remove; to withdraw; to abandon; to exit; to depart
purchase n. something which has been bought; act of buying
purchase v. to buy; to acquire in exchange for money; to procure; to obtain
pursue v. to chase after; to follow; to aspire to; to strive for; to continue; to carry on; to persist in; to work at
pursuit n. chase; hunt; quest;, search; occupation; pastime
pushy adj. bossy; domineering; controlling; aggressive; extremely self-assertive
put in v. to make an application; to enter; to let something or someone enter
put off v. to postpone; to disgust; to repulse; to deter
put up with v. to tolerate; to be patient
puzzle n. enigma; riddle; problem; game composed of differently shaped pieces which fit together to form a picture; jigsaw
puzzle v. to mystify; to baffle; to confound; to confuse; to perplex; to bewilder
托业考试综合辅导(14a)
pallet n. straw-filled mattress; hard and simple bed; platform used to stack items during moving or storage; potter's tool; board where ceramics are place while drying; board for holding and mixing paintspamper v. to treat with excessive indulgence; to give in to; gratify
panel n. group of judges; board, flat piece of wood; band; strip; crew; team; staff
paradigm n. model; ideal; mold; form; example; pattern
parameter n. variable which determines the form of a function; value which is transferred to a function or program and affects its operation (Computers)
paramount adj. superior, supreme; above all; of the highest rank; most important
parentheses n. the characters ( ); text enclosed in parentheses; act of isolating by parentheses (Syntax)
participate v. to be involved; to join in
particular adj. special; unusual; uncommon; detailed; meticulous; precise; pedantic; strict
particular n. detail; individual characteristic; item; article; specific proposition (Logic)
particularly adv. especially; specifically
partition n. the act or process of dividing something into parts; the state of being so divided; a part or section into which something has been divided
part-time n. system used to place one event in relation to another (such as past vs. present, yesterday vs. today); period; era; hour; rate
passport n. official document issued by a given country that identifies one's citizenship and personal details and allows passage into foreign countries
patch n. area of fabric used to repair a hole; stain; bandage; lot; plot of land; small repair to a program which adds or changes only a small part of the program (Computers)
patch v. to cover a hole with a piece of material; to use as a patch; to use to cover a hole
path n. track; lane; route; search route; list of libraries where the operating system DOS will search for a file that the user tries to activate (Computers)
patience n. tolerance; forbearance
patron n. one that supports, protects, or champions someone or something; a customer, especially a regular customer
payable adj. may be settled
payment n. wage; salary; compensation; bonus; punishment
payroll n. financial sheet listing salaries; list of workers who receive wages and salaries
peculiar adj. exceptional; special; strange; odd; curious; unique; singular
peddle v. to hawk; to vend; to deal; to distribute; to sell
pedestrian adj. of, relating to, or made for pedestrians
pedestrian n. a person traveling on foot; a walker
pedicure n. cosmetic foot treatment
penalize v. to punish
penalty n. punishment; fine; punishment in the form of a financial payment
perceive v. to feel; to sense; to be aware of; to distinguish; to discern; to see; to behold
percent n. one part of a hundred
percentile n. one of a set of points on a scale arrived at by dividing a group into parts in order of magnitude
peremptory adj. putting an end to all debate or action; not allowing contradiction or refusal; imperative; offensively self-assured; dictatorial
perennial adj. lasting throughout the whole year; continuing for many years; perpetual; everlasting
perennial n. something that continues for many years
perfect adj. flawless; complete; undamaged
perfect v. to refine; to improve; to complete; to make faultless
perform v. to do; to carry out; to execute; to act; to fulfill a role in a show; to present; to arrange; to direct; to manage
performance n. show; presentation; execution; act; deed; act of presenting an artistic work to an audience
periodical adj. occurring at regular intervals; recurrent; cyclic; seasonal; periodic
periodical n. magazine; journal
perishable adj. expendable; spoils rapidly; likely to spoil; mortal
perishable n. product which can rot or spoil (fruit, food etc.)
permanent adj. lasting; enduring; perpetual; regular; fixed; invariable
permeate v. to enter; to penetrate; to infiltrate; to pervade; to suffuse
perpetuate v. to eternalize; to make everlasting; to preserve from extinction
persistence n. diligence; tenacity; stubbornness; continuation
persistent adj. tenacious; stubborn; persevering; constant; continual; diligent
personnel n. staff; work force; team; crew
perspective n. viewpoint; outlook; vista; view
perspiration n. the fluid, consisting of water with small amounts of urea and salts, that is excreted through the pores of the skin by the sweat glands; sweat; the act or process of perspiring
perspire v. to excrete perspiration through the pores of the skin
persuade v. to convince; to induce; to sway
persuasion n. inducement; act of convincing
pertain v. to belong to; to be connected to; to relate; to refer
pertinent adj. relevant; related; appropriate; fitting
pervasive adj. penetrating; infiltrating; spreading; extending; permeating; suffusing
petition n. a solemn supplication or request to a superior authority; an entreaty; a formal written document requesting a right or benefit from a person or group in authority
petrol n. type of fuel; gasoline (British)
pharmacist n. druggist; apothecary
pick up v. to choose; to select; to pluck; to pull out; to tear out; to peck; to strike with a sharp instrument
pioneer n. pathfinder; forerunner; person who paves the way; member of a military engineering corps
pioneer v. to pave the way; to create a path; to guide; to lead the way; to initiate; to originate
pipe n. tube; tube used for smoking tobacco; windpipe; trachea; flute; whistle; whistling sound; toot; character which instructs an operating system to direct output of one program to the input of another program (Computers)
pipe v. to convey a fluid; to transport a liquid; to make a high-pitched sound
pitch n. relative highness or lowness of a sound; tar; asphalt; throw; toss; slant; inclination; place of business
pitch v. to establish; to erect; to throw; to toss; to cover with tar; to spread with tar
place v. to put; to lay; to lodge; to house; to nominate; to appoint; to charge with
placid adj. serene; quiet; peaceful; tranquil; relaxed; calm
plaid n. colorful fabric with a pattern of square s and crossbars
plain adj. clear; evident; simple; unembellished; ugly; unattractive; flat; smooth
plausible adj. seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible; giving a deceptive impression of truth or reliability
plug n. cork; stopper; electrical connector; obstruction; block; fire hydrant; advertisement
plug v. to cap; to cork; to stop up; to block; to publicize; to advertise
plumber n. person who works with pipe and water systems
plummet v. to fall straight down; plunge; to decline suddenly and steeply
pointer n. indicator; something used to point; hand on a clock; clue; advice; hunting dog
poll n. voting, electing; list of voters; counting of votes; number of votes; referendum
poll v. to receive votes; to vote; to elect; to count votes; to make a survey; to trim tree branches; to prune a tree; to cut off the horns of an animal
ponder v. to reflect; to think; to consider; to meditate
portable adj. mobile; moveable; can be transported from one place to another
portfolio n. briefcase; attache case; list of securities and stocks; position of a government minister
portion n. a section or quantity within a larger thing; a part of a whole; a part separated from a whole; a part that is allotted to a person or group
portrait n. a likeness of a person, especially one showing the face, that is created by a painter or photographer; a verbal picture or description, especially of a person
pose n. stance
pose v. to stance
possess v. to control; to dominate; to hold; to have as a quality; to own; to have as property
possession n. custody; tenure; property; asset; control; ownership
possibility n. probability; feasibility; chance; likelihood
postage n. money paid for postal services; fee for sending letters or packages by mail
postpone v. to put off to a later time; to delay; to defer; to put off until later; to stay
posture n. viewpoint; standpoint; stance; condition; state; mood; attitude
posture v. to pretend; to feign
potency n. power; strength; force; capacity to be
托业考试综合辅导(13)
obesity n. the condition of being obese; increased body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fatobjection n. opposition; appeal; denial; protest
objective adj. impartial; unbiased; existing outside of the mind; relating to or characteristic of a direct object (Grammar); expressing or dealing with facts
objective n. aim; purpose, goal; objective case (Grammar)
obligation n. duty responsibility; indebtedness; agreement
obligatory adj. binding; compelling; must be done; necessary
oblivious adj. lacking all memory; forgetful; lacking conscious awareness; unmindful
observe v. to watch; to study; to monitor; to supervise; to discern; to keep; to honor; to fulfill religious commandments; to follow; to abide by; to remark; to comment
obsolete adj. ancient; archaic; no longer in use; outdated; disappearing; useless
obtain v. to acquire; to come by; to procure; to secure; to earn; to achieve
obviate v. to anticipate and dispose of effectively; render unnecessary
obvious adj. clear; unmistakable; apparent; evident; plain
obviously adv. clearly; unmistakably; plainly; apparently
occasion n. opportunity; occurrence, event; incident; reason; cause; justification
occupancy n. period of residence; act of taking possession (Law); right of possession
occupation n. act of forcefully taking possession of an area; seizure; conquest; possession or settlement of land
occupied adj. conquered; seized; filled; taken up; in use (about a bathroom); inhabited; populated; absorbed, engrossed
occur v. to happen; to take place; to transpire; to come to mind; to suggest itself
occurrence n. happening; event; incident
offence n. attack; (Sports) side that pursues (rather than defends); misdeed; insult; state of being offended; transgression (also offense)
offender n. transgressor; person who breaks the law; one who insults
offense n. attack; (Sports) side that pursues (rather than defends); misdeed; insult; state of being offended; transgression (also offence)
offensive n. attack; act of aggression; position of pursuit or aggression
official n. person who holds public position; authority
offset n. outcome; compensation; counterbalance; printing method in which a printing plate transfers ink to a blanket which in turn transfers the ink to the paper (the plate does not directly touch the paper)
offset v. to compensate; to balance; to print with an offset printing press
omission n. deletion; negligence; failure; default
omit v. to delete; to skip over; to neglect
onus n. responsibility; duty; burden; impediment; blame
operate v. to act; to function; to manage; to use; to activate; to perform surgery
operation n. working, performance, handling; venture, undertaking; series of actions, procedure (e.g. mathematical operations); campaign; series of activities to achieve a goal (e.g. military operations); surgery
operational adj. working; functional; ready for use
operator n. one who activates; worker of a telephone switchboard; worker; operation symbol; character which signifies a logical or mathematical operation between several numbers (Computers)
opinion n. attitude; outlook; formal judgment or estimation
opportune adj. appropriate; fitting; well-timed; timely; proper; expedient
opportunity n. chance; occasion; favorable time to act
oppose v. to be in contention or conflict with; to be resistant to; to place opposite in contrast or counterbalance
opposite adj. facing, across from; contrary; reverse; different; antithetical
opposite adv. on or towards an opposite side; contrarily
opposite n. contrast; something contrary
oppositeprep. across from; facing
optimal adj. most favorable or desirable; optimum
option n. choice; alternative; possibility; selection; election
ordinary adj. regular; common
organize v. to arrange; to order; to systematize; to establish; to set up; to unite; to compile; to structure
origin n. source; beginning; birth; parentage; nationality
original adj. first; primary; innovative; creative; novel
original n. source from which something arises; originator; prototype; model; original work (as opposed to an imitation)
originality n. state of not being a derivative of anything else
originally adv. at first; in the first place; in a unique manner
originate v. to begin; to be created; to result from; to develop; to be born; to be produced
ostensible adj. apparent; seeming
ostentatious adj. showy; pretentious; bombastic; pompous; garish
outbound adj. leaving; sailing; traveling to another country
outdoor adj. of nature
outlet n. exit; means of relief (emotional, physical, etc.); electrical source for connecting appliances; store that sells products directly from the manufacturer (often at a discount); shop; joint; store
output n. yield; product; manufacture; information sent out from a computer (Computers)
outside adj. external; of the outdoors; from the outdoors; maximal
outstanding adj. excellent; conspicuous; prominent; notable; owing, due; unsettled (about a payment); unresolved
overall n. one piece garment made of trousers and a piece of cloth that covers the chest and has shoulder straps (originally worn to protect clothes while working)
overcome v. to subdue; to solve
overdraft n. limit to which money may be withdrawn from the bank on credit
overhaul n. an act of overhauling; a repair job
overhaul v. to examine or go over carefully for needed repairs; to dismantle in order to make repairs; to make extensive renovations or revisions on; renovate; to catch up with; overtake
overhead adj. of general expenses; general; positioned or directed over the head
overhead adv. from above; above; in the sky
overhead n. general expenses; manufacturing and business expenses; information which is attached to a message on a network in order to ensure error-free transmission to the correct destination (Computers)
overhear v. to hear (speech or someone speaking) without the speaker's awareness or intent
overlap v. to cover a part of; to have something in common
overlook v. to inspect; to supervise; to miss; to omit; to ignore; to excuse
overseas adj. beyond or across the sea; foreign
overseas adv. across the sea; from beyond the sea; over the sea
oversee v. to supervise; to manage; to inspect
overt adj. plain; clear; visible; public; intentional; undisguised (Law)
overtime adv. exceeding regular working hours; additional time (as in a sports game in order to break a tie score)
overtime n. work beyond regular working hours; pay for such work; extra time, additional time (as in a sports game in order to break a tie score)
overview n. synopsis; general survey; introduction
overwhelm v. to defeat; to master; to crush; to stagger; to stun; to daze; to flood; to engulf
owe v. to be indebted to; to be under obligation to pay or repay; to feel that a certain thing is deserved; to have an emotion or attitude toward someone or something
ownership n. legal right of possession
托业考试综合辅导(12)
name v. to appoint; to specify; to identify; to designatenarrow adj. tight; strait; reduced; not wide
narrow v. to limit; to restrict; to contract; to lessen in width; to taper
nationality n. citizenship; quality of being part of a particular nation; patriotism; national ownership (of property)
nearby adj. close at hand
nearby adv. next to; alongside
necessarily adv. as a logical result; unavoidably
necessary adj. vital; essential; indispensable; unavoidable
necessary n. something that is essential or imperative; essentials of life (food, clothing, and shelter)
necessity n. obligation; need; requirement
neglect n. disregard; inattention; forgetfulness; abandonment
neglect v. to disregard; to ignore; to forget to perform (a duty); to shirk; to abandon
negligence n. neglect; disregard, carelessness; failure to provide the necessary provision for (Law)
negligible adj. not significant or important enough to be worth considering; trifling
negotiable adj. describing an assets or item which can easily be sold or transferred
negotiate v. to bargain; to deal; to arrange; to work out; to compromise; to clear or pass an obstacle
negotiator n. person who participates in a bargaining session; person who negotiates
nevertheless adv. anyway; anyhow; still; all the same
newsletter n. short informational periodical that is usually distributed to the members of an interest group
nexus n. means of connection; link; joint; connected group
nominate v. to appoint someone (for a position, office, or honor); to designate; to select
nomination n. appointment; proposal of a candidate (for an office or an honor)
nominee n. person who has been appointed; candidate
notebook n. portable personal computer; laptop computer
notice n. announcement; poster, sign; notification (often of termination of employment or a living situation); warning; attention; consideration
notify v. to give notice to; inform
novel adj. new; strange
novelty n. innovation; something new; discovery
nuance n. slight difference; subtle distinction
nurse v. to breast-feed; to suckle; to provide medical care; to take care of; to work as a nurse; to use up slowly; to dwell on; to harbor (especially of jealousy or anger)
托业考试综合辅导(11)
magnificent adj. splendid; majestic; superb; glorious; impressivemaintain v. to keep in existence; to keep in good condition; to preserve; to support; to provide for; to affirm; to declare; to assert; to insist
maintenance n. upkeep; repairs; livelihood; means of support
majority n. greater number or part; number greater than half of the total
malevolence n. the quality or state of being malevolent; malicious behavior
malevolent adj. having or exhibiting ill will; wishing harm to others; malicious; having an evil or harmful influence
malfunction n. failure to function; faulty or abnormal functioning
malfunction v. to fail to function; to function improperly
mall n. shopping center; variety of stores and businesses housed within a series of connected buildings or within a single building; pedestrian walkway; promenade
maltreat v. to treat in a rough or cruel way; abuse
managerial adj. relating to supervision and responsibility
mandate n. command; order; authorization granted from one body to a subordinate body
mandate v. to grant a country the right to administer a territory; to issue a command; to make an official order
mandatory adj. required or commanded by authority; obligatory; of, having the nature of, or containing a mandate; holding a League of Nations mandate over a territory
manifest adj. clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious
manifest n. a list of cargo or passengers carried on a ship or plane; an invoice of goods carried on a truck or train; a list of railroad cars according to owner and location
manifest v. to show or demonstrate plainly; reveal; to be evidence of; prove
manifold adj. many and varied; of many kinds; multiple; having many features or forms
manifold n. a whole composed of diverse elements; one of several copies
manifold v. to make several copies of, as with carbon paper; to make manifold; multiply
manual adj. physical; done using human skill or force
manual n. instructional booklet; handbook
manually adv. by hand; physically
manufacture n. product made by hand or by machine
manufacture v. to make by machine; to produce; to crate; to make; to fabricate; to invent
margin n. profit from the difference between costs and net sales
margin v. to set apart an additional amount of space or money for security
maternal adj. motherly; related through a mother; relating to or characteristic of a mother or motherhood
maximum adj. greatest; most; utmost; highest
maximum n. greatest quantity or amount possible; highest capacity; most possible; height; peak; limit
mayor n. elected official acting as executive head of a town or city
meaning n. definition; significance; intention; explanation
means n. method; way; medium; resources; funds
measurable adj. estimable; determinable; assessable
measure n. action; step; unit of size or capacity; criterion; amount; degree; extent; meter
measure v. to weigh; to gauge; to quantify; to assess; to evaluate; to estimate; to allocate
measurement n. calculation of size or extent; assessment of capacity or dimension
meddle v. to intrude into other people's affairs or business; interfere; to handle something idly or ignorantly; tamper
mediocre adj. regular; ordinary; neither; good nor bad; low-grade; poor
meditation n. the act or process of meditating; a devotional exercise of or leading to contemplation
meditate v. to reflect on; contemplate; to plan in the mind; intend
medium n. means by which something is accomplished; means of expression; channel of communication; middle man; intermediary; broker
membership n. state of belonging to an organization or group; fellowship
memo n. reminder; internal document
mental adj. of or relating to the mind; intellectual; psychological
mentor n. adviser; counselor; person who guides and teaches; spiritual instructor
merchandise n. goods; ware; stock; articles or items to be sold
merchandise v. to trade; to plan for and promote for sales of; to market goods
merge v. to blend; to be blended; to combine or unite into a single body; to be assimilated
merger n. fusion; agglomeration; result of the collaboration of two or more corporations into a single corporation
meter n. instrument that automatically measures quantities of substances (gas, water or electricity)
meticulous adj. pedantic; cautious concerning minute details; scrupulous
metropolitan adj. characteristic of a capital city; sophisticated
metropolitan n. resident of a capital city; sophisticated big-city person
microphone n. an instrument that converts sound waves into an electric current, usually fed into an amplifier, a recorder, or a broadcast transmitter
migrant n. one that moves from one region to another by chance, instinct, or plan; an itinerant worker who travels from one area to another in search of work
millennium n. unit of time equal to one thousand years; thousandth year anniversary
mingle v. to mix or bring together in combination, usually without loss of individual characteristics; to mix so that the components become united; merge
minimum adj. pertaining to the smallest; indicating the least
minimum n. least possible amount; smallest possible size; lowest degree
minority n. part of a population differing in some characteristic (race, language, religion, etc.); state of being under legal age
miserably adv. without pleasure or happiness; wretchedly; poorly
misgiving n. apprehension; worry; doubt; hesitation; reservation
misplace v. to put into a wrong place; to mislay; to bestow (confidence, for example) on an improper, unsuitable, or unworthy person or idea
mission n. task; assignment; delegation; errand; religious delegation; building used by a religious delegation
mistreatment n. abuse; molestation
misunderstand v. to interpret incorrectly; to comprehend incorrectly
misunderstanding n. incorrect understanding; incorrect interpretation
misuse n. improper, unlawful, or incorrect use; misapplication
misuse v. to use incorrectly; to mistreat or abuse
mitigate v. to soften in force or severity; to lessen the impact or intensity of; to appease; to make easier; to sweeten; to be assuaged; to become less severe (about punishments, circumstances, emotions, etc.)
mobilize v. to move; to circulate; to draft; to assemble for action (especially armed reserves)
moderately adv. mildly; deliberatively; in a temperate manner; not excessively; in a manner that is not extreme; reasonably
modest adj. humble; unpretentious; unassuming; moderate; simple; limited; decent or appropriate in thought or dress; not provocatively dressed
modification n. change; adjustment, agreement; adaptation; restriction; qualification (Grammar); moderation; process of being modified
mollify v. to calm; to soften; to pacify; to relieve
momentum n. force of movement; product of the mass of a body of matter multiplied by its velocity (Physics, Mechanics); strength or motivation derived from an initial effort
money supply n. the total amount of funds in circulation in a given country's economy
monitor n. supervisor; device for regulating (esp. the transmission quality of radio and television broadcasts); screen, device that produces the visual display (Computers); one who oversees; inspector; that which warns or cautions
monitor v. to supervise; to observe; to follow up on; to check up on; to regulate the quality of radio or television broadcasts; to keep track of; to regulate
mood n. state of mind; predominant emotion; type of verb inflection (Grammar)
moral adj. ethical; virtuous; righteous; principled; conforming to accepted standards; having integrity
moral n. ethic; lesson; principle
mortgage n. conditional conveyance of property as for security on a loan; pledging, lien
mortgage v. to sign over property to a creditor as security for money that is owed; to obligate
motivate v. to prompt; to spur; to provide inspiration; to stir to action; to induce; to cause
motivation n. incentive; drive; inspiration; state of being stirred to action
motive adj. of reason or cause; inspiring to action
motive n. something that causes a person to act; cause; incentive; purpose; intention
muddle n. a disordered condition; a mess or jumble; mental confusion
muddle v. to make turbid or muddy; to mix confusedly; jumble; to confuse or befuddle (the mind), as with alcohol; to mismanage or bungle
mug n. a heavy cylindrical drinking cup usually having a handle; the amount that such a cup can hold
mull v. to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to heat and spice for drinking (usually wine or cider)
multitude n. the condition or quality of being numerous; a very great number; the masses; the populace
murmur n. a low, indistinct, continuous sound; an indistinct, whispered, or confidential complaint; a mutter
murmur v. to make a low, continuous, indistinct sound or succession of sounds; to complain in low mumbling tones; grumble
myriad n. great number of persons or things; many; a lot; composed of a countless number of items
托业考试综合辅导(10)
jeopardize v. to endanger; to place in danger; to imperil; to put at riskjeopardy n. danger; peril; hazard; risk; endangerment; imperilment
junction n. intersection; crossing; connection; point of convergence; meeting point; place where two things meet and cross (roads, rivers, etc.)
justify v. to vindicate; to defend; to support; to excuse
kit n. set; equipment; furnishings; outfit; clothing; wash basin
landlord n. one that owns and rents land, buildings, or dwelling units
landscape n. view; scenery; photograph of scenery; painting or drawing of scenery; horizontal page orientation
landscaper n. person who designs gardens or large areas
lasting adj. continuing; enduring; remaining for a long time; durable
launch n. act of launching; act of sending out; act of starting or initiating; commencement; inauguration
launch v. to start; to run; to activate; to inaugurate; to throw; to break into
lawsuit n. case in a court of law brought by one party against another; legal claim
lay off v. to postpone; to dismiss from a job; to fire
layer n. thickness of some material that covers a surface; covering; bed; stratum
layman n. inexperienced person; person who is not a member of the clergy; member of the laity; person who does not belong to a particular profession
layout n. arrangement; plan; sketch; drawing; something which has been arranged
leaflet n. sheet of paper on which information has been printed; flyer
leakage n. something which escapes or passes through a hole or opening (i.e. liquid, gas, etc.); act of leaking; leak
lease n. contract which gives another the right to use or inhabit a property for a period of time in exchange for rent; period of time during which a lease is valid; property which is contracted to another
lease v. to rent out property for a specific period of time; to let; to possess or occupy under the terms of a lease
leather n. tanned and preserved animal skin from which the hair or fur has been removed; item made of tanned and preserved animal skin
legacy n. inheritance; bequest; something handed down from one's ancestors
legible adj. possible to read or decipher; plainly discernible; apparent
legislation n. the act or process of legislating; lawmaking; a proposed or enacted law or group of laws
legitimate adj. lawful; acceptable; justified; reasonable; logical; correct; sound; authorized
legitimate v. to make valid; to make lawful; to justify; to make permissible
leisure n. time free from work other demands and duties; free time; rest; recreation
letterhead n. line printed at the top of a piece of stationary (usually containing a name, address, etc.); stationary printed with a heading
leverage n. influence; ability to affect or alter people or circumstance; use of borrowed money to increase the return on an investment
leverage v. to use one's influence to affect people or circumstances; to increase return on an investment by using borrowed money
levy n. act or process of collecting or conscripting (money, property, etc.) by a government or other authority; something which is collected through a levy
levy v. to impose a tax or fine; to conscript troops
liability n. financial obligation; debt; responsibility; obligation; disadvantage; handicap; likelihood
liable adj. under legal obligation; responsible; likely; prone; susceptible; subject to
liberal adj. in favor of reform; supporting a progressive philosophy; tolerant; open-minded; generous; abundant
liberal n. person who favors political and social reform; person who supports a progressive political philosophy
license n. permit; official permission; authorization; document which shows proof of authorization; certificate
license v. to issue a license; to grant a permit; to authorize; to permit; to allow
lifestyle n. way of life
likelihood n. probability; chance; feasibility; possibility
limited adj. confined within a boundary; restricted; narrow; mediocre
linger v. to be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance; tarry; to persist; to be tardy in acting; procrastinate
linkage n. a connection or relation; an association
literate adj. able to read and write; knowledgeable or educated in a particular field or fields
litter n. refuse; trash; disorder
litter v. to toss or dump garbage in an unauthorized place; to scatter objects in disorder
loan v. to lend a sum of money for a period of time; to give temporarily
locate v. to situate; to place; to identify; to find; to settle
located adj. situated; placed; identified; found; existing; standing
location n. place; position; situation; site; spot
locksmith n. person who makes and fixes keys and fasting mechanisms
logistics n. planning and execution; management of a business or other operation; department of a company which oversees and maintains material and other recourses
logo n. graphic symbol which represents a company or organization
look forward to v. to anticipate gladly
look into v. to investigate
look over v. to examine
loom v. to appear as a large and indistinct form; to appear as larger than life; to impend; to weave fabric on a loom
loop n. rope which has curved and doubled over itself leaving a circular opening; something which has a curved or circular shape
loop v. to form a loop; to make circular shape
lounge n. sofa; couch; large public waiting room; lobby; room in which cocktails are served; living room; slow walk; stroll
lounge v. to lie down; to recline; to move in a relaxed manner; to walk lazily
loyal adj. faithful; true to one's obligations
loyalty n. faithfulness; devotion; constancy
lucid adj. comprehensible; intelligible; rational; sane; transparent; bright; radiant; shining
lucrative adj. profitable; yielding monetary rewards; gainful
luggage n. suitcases; cases and bags carried by travelers
luncheon n. afternoon party where a light meal is served
托业考试综合辅导(9b)
infuse v. to put into or introduce as if by pouring; to fill or cause to be filled with something; to introduce (a solution) into the body through a vein for therapeutic purposesingest v. to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption; to take in and absorb as food
ingratiate v. to bring (oneself, for example) into the favor or good graces of another, especially by deliberate effort
ingratitude n. lack of gratitude; ungratefulness
ingredient n. component; element; factor; one of the substances which comprises a mixture
inhabit v. to occupy; to live in; to dwell in; to reside in; to populate
inhabitant n. person who lives in a particular place; resident; tenant; occupant
inherent adj. intrinsic; existing as a natural and integral part; natural; inborn
inhibit v. to hold back; restrain; to prohibit; forbid
initial n. beginning letter of a person's first name; first letter (as of a word)
initial v. to sign using the first letter or letters of a name
initialed adj. signed with initials; marked with the first letter or letter of a name
initially adv. at first; in the first place; at the beginning
initiate v. to set going; to launch; to begin; to start
initiative adj. beginning; introductory
initiative n. enterprise; drive; ambition; beginning move in a process; first step
inject v. to force or drive (a fluid) into something; to introduce (a drug or vaccine, for example) into a body part, especially by means of a syringe; to introduce into conversation or consideration; to place into an orbit, trajectory, or stream
injection n. the act of injecting; something that is injected, especially a dose of liquid medicine injected into the body
innocent adj. not guilty; free from sin or wrongdoing; pure; simple; naive; unsophisticated; harmless
innocent n. person who is free from sin or wrongdoing; person who is simple or naïve
innovate v. to make changes; to create something new; to invent
innovation n. introduction of something new; change; new method or practice
innovator n. person who makes changes; person who introduces new methods or procedures; creative person
innumerable adj. too numerous to be counted; numberless
inquiry n. formal question; exploration; questioning; investigation
inscribe v. to write, print, carve, or engrave (words or letters) on or in a surface; to enter (a name) on a list or in a register; to sign one's name or write a brief message in or on (a gift book or photograph, for example)
insecticide n. A chemical substance used to kill insects
insist v. to demand; to emphasize firmly; to request firmly; to require; to persevere
inspect v. to check; to look over carefully and critically; to examine officially; to review
inspection n. act of looking over carefully and critically; official examination; audit; review
inspector n. person whose job it is to supervise and examine; police officer ranking below a superintendent
inspiration n. something which stimulates or animates; stimulus; motivation; something inspired; revelation; insight; idea
inspire v. to motivate; to stimulate; to provoke; to influence; to encourage; to cause
inspiring adj. motivating; stimulating; animating; encouraging; provoking; breathing in; inhaling
install v. to set up for use; to put in (i.e. machinery); to establish in an office or position
installment n. one of several separate payments into which a debt has been divided
instance n. occurrence; occasion; example; illustration; prosecution of a case; urgency; pressing importance
instance v. to refer to a case or occurrence to explain or prove a point; to cite; to mention
instant adj. immediate; quick; urgent; pressing; quickly prepared; needing little work or effort to be ready; present; current
instant n. moment; very short space of time; present moment; food or beverage which can be prepared in a very short amount of time
instantaneous adj. immediate; momentary
instill v. to introduce by gradual, persistent efforts; implant; to pour in (medicine, for example) drop by drop
instinctively adv. naturally; spontaneously; intuitively; automatically
institute n. institution; foundation; organization which provides a certain service or supports a particular cause; college which specializes in a particular field or area or instruction (i.e. art)
institute v. to establish; to found; to set up; to begin; to initiate; to start
institution n. organization; custom; convention; law or activity which is accepted in a society
instruct v. to inform; to direct; to guide; to command; to order; to educate; to teach
instructor n. educator; teacher; trainer
instrument n. tool, implement; device; appliance; musical instrument; agent; means; document
instrument v. to equip with devices for measuring, recording, or controlling
insulate v. to separate from others; to segregate
insult n. affront; offense; rude remark or action
insult v. to speak or act in a rude or contemptuous manner; to offend; to affront
insurance n. contract by which property or persons are guaranteed against damage or loss; something which protects or guarantees safety
insure v. to provide a guarantee against possible damage or loss; to make certain
intangible adj. incapable of being perceived by the senses; incapable of being realized or defined
integrate v. To make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify; to join with something else; unite
integrity n. honesty; uprightness; morality; wholeness; unity; unimpaired condition
intellectual adj. rational rather than emotional; appealing to or engaging the intellect
intellectual n. an intellectual person
intelligence n. ability to reason and understand; cleverness; brilliance; knowledge; information; collecting of information
intelligible adj. capable of being understood; capable of being apprehended by the intellect alone
intense adj. extreme; great; powerful; high; strong; profound; deep; acute; severe
intensify v. to increase; to strengthen; to heighten
intensity n. strength; energy; extreme degree; depth; clarity
intensive adj. characterized by a high degree; highly concentrated
intention n. determination to do something in particular; plan; aim; goal; purpose; meaning; import; significance
interact v. to act on each other
intercept v. to stop, deflect, or interrupt the progress or intended course of
interchangeable adj. can be traded; can be substituted by something else
interfere v. to impede; to obstruct; to hinder; to meddle; to intrude in the affairs of other; to collide; to block
interim adj. temporary; provisional
interim adv. meanwhile; in the meantime
interim n. temporary arrangement; in between period
interior adj. inner; inside; of something which is inside; inland; of a country's domestic affairs; of an individual's inner life
interior n. inside; inside a building; inland section of a country
interject v. to place between other things; to throw into the center of; to interpolate; to insert a remark or comment in the middle of a conversation
interminable adj. being or seeming to be without an end; endless; tiresomely long; tedious
intermittent adj. not continuous; sporadic; fitful; alternately stopping and starting
internal adj. inner; inside; located within; of a country's domestic affairs; of an individual's inner life; private; mental
internal n. inner quality; intrinsic characteristic
international adj. between countries; involving or belonging to two or more countries; of relations between two or more countries
internationalize v. to bring under the jurisdiction of two or more nations; to globalize; to make worldwide
interpret v. to explain; to clarify; to elucidate; to translate from one language to another (orally); to understand or explain in a particular way; to translate from one language to another (orally)
interpreter n. person who translates from one language to another (orally); person how clarifies; commentator
interrupt v. to stop; to discontinue; to disturb; to bring a conversation to a halt
interruption n. disturbance; disruption; discontinuance; stoppage; cutting-off
intersection n. the act, process, or result of intersecting; a place where things intersect, especially a place where two or more roads cross
intimidate v. to make timid; fill with fear; to coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats
intricate adj. complex; complicated; involved; entangled
intrigue n. a secret or underhand scheme; a plot
intrigue v. to engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot
introductory adj. preliminary; beginning; serving as an introduction
invade v. to enter by force in order to conquer or pillage; to encroach or intrude on; violate
inventory n. stock; list of assets; act of checking stock
investigate v. to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically
invincible adj. incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable
invisible adj. impossible to see; imperceptible; hidden; concealed
invoke v. to call on (a higher power) for assistance, support, or inspiration; to appeal to or cite in support or justification; to resort to; use or apply
involve v. to cause to be concerned with; to entangle; to engage; to engross; to complicate; to incriminate
involvement n. inclusion; participation; connection; association; complexity; entanglement; relation; participation
irrelevant adj. not relevant; beside the point; unconnected; impertinent; immaterial
irritate v. to annoy; to bother; to aggravate; to anger
irritated adj. annoyed; aggravated; exasperated
irritation n. something which annoys or aggravates
issue n. topic; subject; matter; question; problem; end result; publication (i.e. newspaper, magazine, newsletter, etc.); act of sending out; distribution
issue v. to publish; to distribute; to circulate; to come forth; to put out; to emit; to result from
itemize v. to catalog; to list; to enumerate; to set down in full detail
itinerary n. route; travel route; travel plans; travel journal; record of a journey; travel guidebook
托业考试综合辅导(9a)
ideal n. standard of perfection; pattern; model; person or thing that embodies a standard of perfectionidealize v. to represent as the embodiment of perfection; to view someone or something as ideal
identification n. verification of a person or thing; recognition; the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering
identify v. to recognize; to show to be the same; to sympathize; to relate; to associate oneself with a particular cause or idea
idle adj. lazy; vain; futile; unoccupied; unemployed; groundless; without foundation; worthless; unimportant
idle v. to lounge; to do nothing; to laze around; to waste time; to operate at minimum speed (of an engine or machine)
ignorance n. lack of knowledge; illiteracy; lack of education; state of being uninformed
ignore v. to disregard; to overlook; to refuse to recognize; to reject
illegible adj. not legible or decipherable
illegitimate adj. against the law; illegal; incorrectly deduced; illogical
illicit adj. not sanctioned by custom or law; unlawful
illuminate v. to provide or brighten with light; to make understandable; clarify; to enlighten intellectually or spiritually; enable to understand
illustrate v. to exemplify; to clarify; to explain; to depict; to elucidate
illustration n. picture in a book or other work; explanation; clarification; explanation
imaginary adj. not real; fanciful
imagination n. ability of the mind to create mental images which do not exist in reality; creation of such mental images
imagine v. to envision; to create a mental image which does not literally exist; to fantasize; to visualize; to think; to suppose; to assume; to guess
imitate v. to use or follow as a model; to copy the actions, appearance, mannerisms, or speech of; mimic; to copy exactly; reproduce; to appear like; resemble
immediate adj. instantaneous; prompt; accomplished quickly; direct; having no intermediary; close
immediately adv. right away; shortly; at once; without delay
immerse v. to cover completely in a liquid; submerge; to engage wholly or deeply; absorb
impair v. to cause to diminish, as in strength, value, or quality
impatient adj. unable to wait; intolerant; restless
impede v. to delay; to obstruct; to hinder; to prevent; to thwart
impediment n. something that impedes; a hindrance or obstruction; an organic defect preventing clear articulation
imperative adj. necessary; obligatory; commanding
imperative n. necessity; obligation; command; order
implement n. tool; instrument; piece of equipment
implement v. to perform; to put into effect; to carry out; to execute; to realize; to equip with tools
implementation n. realization; carrying out; performing; putting into effect; execution; act of equipping with tools
implication n. consequence; outcome; result; act of implying; something implied; indirect suggestion; connotation; hint; state of being involved in an action or event
implicit adj. implied or understood though not directly expressed; contained in the nature of something though not readily apparent; having no doubts or reservations; unquestioning
imply v. to suggest indirectly; to hint; to infer; to mean; to import
import n. brining in of goods from another country; opposite of export; meaning; significance
import v. to bring from another place; to bring goods from a foreign country; to signify; to imply; to be important; to be significant
important adj. significant; consequential; influential; essential; crucial; critical; prominent
impose v. to require; to compel; to force upon; to enforce; to institute
impossible adj. unbearable; cannot be done; cannot be endured
impress v. to affect strongly; to emphasize; to stamp; to make a mark using pressure
impression n. strong feeling or idea left by an experience; effect; vague memory; stamp; imprint; stamping; impressing
impressive adj. grand; magnificent; striking
improve v. to make better; to increase in quality; to enhance; to become better; to evolve; to develop; to fix up; to repair; to increase the value of; to take advantage of; to make good use of; to recuperate
improvement n. state of being made better; something which enhances or improves; addition or change which adds value to something
improvident adj. not providing for the future; thriftless; rash; incautious
imprudent adj. unwise or indiscreet; not prudent
impulse n. instinctual urge; sudden desire; whim; wave of energy sent via a nerve
inadvertent adj. not duly attentive; marked by unintentional lack of care
inalienable adj. non-transferable
inanimate adj. lifeless; spiritless
inbound adj. traveling in an inward direction
incentive adj. provocative; stimulating; encouraging
incentive n. stimulus; inducement; enticement; encouragement
incite v. to provoke and urge on
incline n. slope; grade; slant
incline v. to slope; to tilt; to bend; to bow; to lean; to be disposed; to tend toward; to gravitate; to slant; to cause to bend; to influence
inclusive adj. containing; comprehensive; all-embracing; extensive; taking in
income n. amount of money received in payment for goods or services or from other sources; revenue; profits
inconvenience n. bother; disturbance; nuisance; discomfort
inconvenience v. to cause discomfort; to trouble; to put out; to disturb
increase n. growth; expansion; addition; enlargement; escalation; reproduction
increase v. to enlarge; to add to; to multiply; to raise; to intensify; to make bigger; to heighten
incredible adj. unbelievable; inconceivable; improbable; unlikely; fabulous; great; amazing
incredulous adj. skeptical; disbelieving; expressive of disbelief
incriminate v. to accuse of a crime or other wrongful act; to cause to appear guilty of a crime or fault; implicate
incumbent adj. presently holding an office or position; compulsory; necessary; resting; lying
incumbent n. person who currently holds an office or position
incur v. to meet with; to bring upon oneself; to acquire; to become liable for (generally pertaining to something unpleasant or undesirable)
indicate n. to show; to point out; to mark; to signify; to imply; to exhibit; to reveal; to suggest
indicator n. one that indicates, especially a pointer or an index; an instrument used to monitor the operation or condition of an engine, an electrical network, or another physical system; a meter or gauge
indoor adj. occurring within a building; meant to be used inside
induce v. to cause; to bring about; to set in motion; to influence; to persuade; to impel; to infer; to deduce; to derive a general proposition from certain facts
indulge v. to give in to desire; to yield to; to satisfy; to spoil; to humor
indulgence n. act of giving in to desire; something which gratifies; luxury; leniency; tolerance; humoring; pampering
industrial adj. of, relating to, or resulting from industry; having highly developed industries; employed, required, or used in industry
industrialize v. to innovate and develop production
industrious adj. assiduous in work or study; diligent
ineffable adj. incapable of being expressed; indescribable or unutterable; not to be uttered; taboo
inexorable adj. not capable of being persuaded by entreaty; relentless
infallibility n. the quality of never making an error
infancy n. beginning phase of a project; babyhood
infant adj. pertaining to a minor
infant n. baby; very young child; toddler; tot; minor; beginner
infer v. to derive; to conclude; to guess; to surmise; to hint
inference n. act of deriving; speculation; drawing of a conclusion
inflammable adj. easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly; flammable; quickly or easily aroused to strong emotion; excitable
inflation n. increase in the supply of money in relation to the amount of goods available resulting in a rise in prices; act of filling with air or gas
inflict v. to impose; to cause something unpleasant
influence n. effect; impact; action of a person or thing which affects another; person or thing which has power to affect others
influence v. to affect; to impact; to impel; to control
influx n. flowing in; inflow; inward flow; place where a stream flows into another body of water
inform v. to communicate data to; to tell; to brief; to apprise; to notify; to tell on; to inspire; to animate
informal adj. unofficial; unceremonious; relaxed; casual; easy; laid-back
information n. knowledge; intelligence; data; act of providing knowledge
infraction n. the act or an instance of infringing; a violation
托业考试综合辅导(8)
H.R.abbr. manpower; personnel; human work force; human labor; staffhabitat n. the area or environment where an organism or ecological community normally lives or occurs; the place where a person or thing is most likely to be found
hallmark n. official stamp ensuring that a gold or silver item meets a certain standard of quality; identifying characteristic
halt n. temporary stop; standstill; break or pause in a march or journey
halt v. to stop; to cause to stop; to pause; to hesitate; to be uncertain
hamper v. to prevent the free movement, action, or progress of
handbook n. manual; guide; guideline; document containing instructions
handle n. part of an object designed to be gripped by the hand; fist name; nickname; code name; title
handle v. to manage; to process; to deal in; to do business with; to treat; to feel; to touch with the hands
handy adj. skillful in using one's hands; manually adroit; readily accessible; useful; convenient; easy to use or handle
harmful adj. injurious; causing damage
harmonize v. to agree; to reconcile; to be in concert with
harmony n. unity; agreement; accord; pleasing balance; symmetry; pleasing combination of tones
harness n. straps and other parts by which a draft animal is attached to a vehicle
harness v. to utilize; to use; to apply; to employ; to control; to channel
hazard n. danger; risk; game of chance
hazard v. to endanger; to imperil; to dare; to venture
hazardous adj. dangerous; risky; perilous
haze n. fog; mist; obscurity; vagueness
haze v. to treat someone new in a humiliating manner; to harass; to humiliate
headquarter v. to set up a center of operations; to be set up in a center of operations
headquarters n. main office; central office of a company; center of operation
headway n. progress; advance
health n. physical or mental well-being; freedom from disease
healthy adj. well; not sick; fit; sound
helicopter n. aircraft which flies by means of horizontally rotating blades
helping n. a single portion of food
hem n. folded and stitched down edge of cloth; edge of a garment
hem v. to fold and sew down the edge of a piece of cloth; to surround; to enclose; to hesitate; to falter in speaking
hesitate v. to waver; to be uncertain; to vacillate; to falter; to be indecisive
hesitation n. pausing; stammering; faltering
hibernation n. the torpid or resting state in which some animals pass the winter;cessation from or slowing of activity during the winter; especially slowing of metabolism in some animals; the act of retiring into inactivity
hidden adj. concealed; secret; not to be seen; ulterior
highlight n. an area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated; an especially significant or interesting detail or event
highlight v. to make prominent; emphasize; to mark (important passages of text) with a usually fluorescent marker as a means of memory retention or for later reference
hoax n. an act intended to deceive or trick; something that has been established or accepted by fraudulent means
hoax v. to deceive or cheat by using a hoax
homebound adj. confined usually by illness;
honor n. esteem; respect; good reputation; integrity; honesty; truthfulness; award; tribute; privilege; pride; dignity
honor v. to respect; to esteem; to give an award to; to pay tribute; to praise; to accept
honorable adj. deserving or winning honor and respect; possessing and characterized by honor; distinguished; illustrious
horrible adj. terrible; awful; disgusting
hospital n. location where sick and injured people receive medical treatment
hourly adj. continual
housing n. lodging; dwelling
however adv. in any event; anyway
howeverconj. in whatever manner or way
humdrum adj. lacking variety or excitement; dull
humid adj. containing or characterized by a high amount of water or water vapor
humidity n. dampness; moistness; mugginess
hyphen n. short dash; short line used to connect or separate words or syllables (-)
hypnotize v. to put into a state of hypnosis; to fascinate by or as if by hypnosis
托业考试综合辅导(7)
G.D.P.abbr. total goods and services produced by nation during one year excluding payments on foreign investmentsG.N.P. abbr. total value of goods and services produced by a country in a given period (generally one year)
garbage n. something that is discarded; rubbish; trash; junk; waste; refuse; anything thought to be worthless or substandard
garment n. piece of clothing; outer covering
garner n. place where grain is stored; granary; storehouse; collection; store
garner v. to collect; to gather; to accumulate; to store; to place in reserve
gasoline n. flammable liquid mixture derived from petroleum (used as fuel, etc.); gas; petrol (UK)
gathering n. assembly; meeting; convention; cluster; collection; convention
gauge n. standard of measure; device for measuring (pressure, amount, distance, etc.); standard by which something is judged; criterion; extent
gauge v. to measure; to evaluate; to determine; to estimate
generate v. to create; to produce; to bring into being
generation n. production; creating; group of people born around the same time
generous adj. benevolent; giving; unselfish; abundant; plentiful
genuine adj. original; real; true; natural; honest; sincere
germane adj. impertinent; relevant; connected
get on with v. to continue
get over v. to recover
get through with v. to finish; to complete
gifted adj. talented; skilled; having great natural ability
give up v. to surrender; to quit; to stop doing
glossary n. list of terms and definitions (usually at the end of a book); dictionary of technical or specific terms
glossy adj. shiny; polished; smooth
glove n. protecting covering for the hand; padded covering for the hand
glow n. a light produced by a body heated to luminosity; incandescence; a warm feeling, as of pleasure or well-being
glow v. to shine brightly and steadily, especially without a flame; to flush; blush; to be exuberant or radiant
go after v. to try to get; to attempt to get
go along with v. to comply; to conform; to follow; to agree
go through v. to experience; to endure
gradually adv. progressively
graduate adj. having a degree or diploma; concerning studies beyond a bachelor's degree
graduate n. person who has completed a course of study and received a degree or diploma (i.e. at a university or college); glass vessel for measuring liquids
graduate v. to complete a course of study and receive a degree or diploma; to organize; to arrange in grades; to change gradually; to grant a degree to a person who has completed a course of study; to divide into degrees; to mark with degrees
grant n. award; gift; present; contribution; donation
grant v. to agree; to give; to bestow; to answer to; to donate
graph n. diagram which uses a series of points or lines to demonstrate a connection between two or more things; chart
grasp n. hold; understanding; knowledge; realization
grasp v. to seize, to hold tight; to grip; to comprehend; to understand; to realize
grateful adj. thankful; appreciative; expressing thanks
gratitude n. gratefulness; thankfulness; appreciation
gratuity n. tip; bonus; recompense
greenhouse n. structure built mainly of glass in which plants are cultivated out of season; hothouse; glasshouse; conservatory
gregarious adj. seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable; seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable
grit n. small rough granules or particles (i.e. sand); bravery; pluck; endurance
grit v. to grind the teeth together; to abrade; to grind; to make a harsh grinding noise
grocer n. person who owns and operates a food store
groceries n. foods and other goods sold at a small supermarket or store
grocery n. store which sells food and other household goods; goods sold at a grocery
gross adj. inclusive; complete; total; general; without deductions
gross v. to make or earn a total of (before taxes and other expenses)
guarantee n. security; warranty; pledge; assurance
guarantee v. to vouch for; to give a warranty; to assure; to promise
guideline n. instructions; manual; handbook; indication of acceptable conduct or procedure
guilt n. state of having committed a crime or offense; culpability; feeling of having done something wrong
guilty adj. deserving of punishment; responsible
gymnasium n. building for indoor sports and exercise; gym; fitness center
托业考试综合辅导(6b)
flight n. flying; aviation; trip on an airplane; set of stairs; escape; running away; group (of birds, planes, etc.); passage of timeflorist n. owner of a flower shop; person who makes flower arrangements
fluctuate v. to vacillate; to waver; to vary; to change
fluctuation n. vacillation; instability; wavering; inconstancy; change
fluency n. ability to speak and write easily; eloquence; articulateness; gracefulness
fluent adj. articulate; eloquent; able to read and write with ease; graceful; fluid; flowing
folder n. dossier for storing papers; directory; subdirectory of a disk or in which files are stored; person or things that folds
forecast adj. predicted; expected; anticipated
forecast n. prediction of a future event or condition (i.e. development of the economy)
forecast v. to predict a future event or condition; to foretell
forecaster n. person who foretells future events; weatherman
foremost adv. first in place or rank; primary; leading; main
foresee v. to predict; to prophesy; to foretell
foreshadow v. to present an indication or a suggestion of beforehand; presage
forestall v. to delay, hinder, or prevent by taking precautionary measures beforehand; to deal with or think of beforehand; anticipate
foretell v. to tell of or indicate beforehand; predict
forfeit adj. lost or subject to loss through forfeiture
forfeit n. something surrendered or subject to surrender as punishment for a crime, an offense, an error, or a breach of contract
forfeit v. to surrender, be deprived of, or give up the right to on account of a crime, an offense, an error, or a breach of contract; to subject to seizure as a forfeit
formal adj. ceremonious; conventional; according to custom; stiff; strict; symmetrical; opposite of informal
formal n. occasion which requires fancy dress (dance, ball, etc.); evening gown
format n. structure; pattern; design; organization; pattern of data organization
format v. to design the appearance of; to arrange; to place in a certain format; to prepare a diskette or hard disk for use
formatted adj. arranged in a particular way; prepared for reading and writing
formula n. set way of saying or doing something; principle; pattern
formulate v. to devise; to conceive; to develop; to plan; to express in a formula
fortify v. to reinforce by adding material; to impart physical strength or endurance to; invigorate; to give emotional, moral, or mental strength to; encourage; to strengthen or enrich (food, for example), as by adding vitamins
fortunate adj. lucky; successful; opportune
fortune n. luck; wealth; chance; great wealth; success; riches; fate
forward v. to send; to convey; to transmit; to promote; to advance; to resend an email message that has been received
foster v. to encourage; to nurture; to promote; to raise; to care for
found v. to establish; to institute; to create; to build; to set up; to start a company; to melt
foundation n. base; fundament; substructure; establishing; institution; cosmetic cream used as a base for makeup
founder n. establisher; person who establishes a company, organization or channel; person who gives authorization to operate a channel
founder v. to fill with water and sink; to fall; to fail; to stumble; to cause to sink
fraction n. product of the division of one number by another; part of a whole; segment; fragment; quotient
fragile adj. easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail; Lacking physical or emotional strength; delicate; lacking substance; tenuous or flimsy
frame n. casing; skeleton; structure; body structure; mood; picture in a film
frame v. to enclose in a frame (i.e. a picture); to contrive false evidence against; to set up; to construct; to build; to fashion; to formulate
framework n. support; skeleton; structure; system
franchise n. license to market a company's goods or services; business which has been granted a license; right to vote
franchise v. to grant a license to an individual or group; to grant the right to vote
franchisor n. person who has the right to grant a license
frantic adj. excessively agitated; transported with rage or other violent emotion; marked by uncontrolled excitement or emotion
fraud n. swindle; deceit; cheating; forgery; embezzlement; cheat; swindler
fraudulent adj. guilty; dishonest; of the nature of fraud; based on fraud
fraught adj. full of or accompanied by; charged with, laden with
freelance n. a person who sells services to employers without a long-term commitment to any of them; an uncommitted independent, as in politics or social life
freelance v. to work as a freelance
freight n. cargo or goods that are shipped for a fee; shipping cost; transportation; conveyance; shipment
freight v. to load with goods; to load; to weigh down; to send as cargo
frequency n. quality of occurring regularly; rate at which a function reoccurs; number of occurrences within a given period of time; number of wave cycles within a given period of time
frisky adj. energetic; full of life; playful; lively
frugal adj. practicing or marked by economy, as in the expenditure of money or the use of material resources; costing little; inexpensive
fuel n. substance burned to create energy (petrol, gasoline, gas, wood, coal, etc)
fuel v. to provide with a combustible substance that provides energy
fueled adj. filled with petrol, gas or another substance that produces energy
fulfill v. to realize; to bring into being; to make a reality; to accomplish; to complete; to gratify; to satisfy; to execute
fulfillment n. realization; bringing into being; performance; completion; gratification; satisfaction
function n. duty; role; use; purpose; feature; convention; seminar; festive event; social occasion
function v. to work; to act; to operate; to perform
fund n. amount of money set aside for a specific purpose; supply
fund v. to finance; to supply with money; to allocate or set aside financial sums; to extend a short-term obligation
fundamental adj. basic; elemental; essential
fundamental n. principle; basis; essential
funnel n. device with a wide opening at the top which narrows as it reaches the bottom (used to conduct liquids into small openings)
funnel v. to channel; to centralize; to send through a funnel
funneled adj. channeled; centralized; sent through a funnel
furnish v. to equip with what is needed, especially to provide furniture for; to supply; give
furniture n. movable articles for use in a home or office (i.e. chairs, desks, cabinets, closets, etc.); accessories; appliances
fussy adj. exacting; choosy; finicky; ornate; full of excessive detail; nagging; annoying
futile adj. having no useful result; trifling and frivolous; idle
托业考试综合辅导(6a)
fabric n. cloth made of woven threads; textile; weave; structure; framework; constructionfabricate v. to make; create; to construct by combining or assembling diverse, typically standardized parts; to concoct in order to deceive
facilitate v. to make easy; to assist; to forward; to promote; to expedite
facilitator n. person or thing which promotes; expeditor
facility n. device; ease; tool; convenience; talent; ability; willingness; place used for a specific purpose; establishment; institution
factor n. cause; agent; broker; financier; money lender; number which is multiplied with another to produce a given result
fade v. to discolor; to lose color; to become dim; to wilt; to wither; to die out; to bleach; to become weaker; to disappear
falter v. to hesitate; to stammer; to stumble; to sway; to totter; to be unstable
fame n. notoriety; renown; good reputation
familiar adj. ordinary; common; skilled; close; intimate; well-known; informal
familiar n. good friend; acquaintance
familiarize v. to cause to be acquainted; to accustom; to make something well known; to publicize
fare n. cost for traveling (on a bus, train, etc.); person who pays to travel in a vehicle (bus, train, boat, ferry, etc.); meals; provisions; something offered or supplied
fascinate v. to hold an intense interest or attraction for; to hold motionless; spellbind
faulty adj. containing a fault or defect; imperfect or defective
favorable adj. positive; approving; likable; helpful; encouraging; promising; desirable
favorite adj. preferred; beloved; liked
feasibility n. capability of being carried out; capability of being achieved; likelihood; probability
feasible adj. able to be carried out; achievable; possible; likely
feature n. characteristic; function; capability (of a product, machine, device, software etc.); prominent quality; facial structure; full-length film; attraction; regular column (in a newspaper); attribute; advantage
feature v. to characterize; to depict; to describe; to star in a move (or theatrical performance, etc.); to present; to emphasize; to give prominence
feedback n. response; critique; critical analysis; information about the results of a certain procedure or performance; return of part of the output (of a circuit, an amplifier, etc.)
fellow adj. having membership in; belonging to (a group, academic organization, etc.); of the same type
fellow n. friend; member of an academic organization; suitor
ferry n. boat for crossing a body of water; shuttle; ferryboat
ferry v. to convey passengers or cargo by boat across a small body of water
fertile adj. bearing or producing crops or vegetation abundantly; fruitful; rich in material needed to sustain plant growth; highly or continuously productive; prolific
fertilize v. to impregnate; to inseminate; to enrich the soil by the addition of organic or chemical substances
fertilizer n. organic or chemical substance added to soil to enrich it (i.e. manure)
fester n. a small festering sore or ulcer; a pustule
fester v. to generate pus; suppurate; to form an ulcer; to undergo decay; rot; to infect, inflame, or corrupt
fetch v. to go after and bring back; to call; to gather; to pick up; to charm; to deliver a blow; to bring forth (sound, sigh, etc.); to inhale; to execute; to bring in a certain amount of money
fiber n. a slender, elongated, threadlike object or structure; a natural or synthetic filament, as of cotton or nylon
figure n. number; image; form; character; price; human shape; impression; phrase; symbol
figure v. to calculate; to think; to assume; to portray; to depict; to express verbally; to adorn with figures or patterns; to express in numerical digits; to embellish
file v. to arrange papers methodically for preservation and reference; to submit in a formal way; to walk in a line; to march in line; to sharpen
fill out v. to insert written information into the gaps on a form
filling n. something used to fill a space, cavity, or container
final adj. at the end; last; ultimate; decisive; conclusive; definitive
final n. end; conclusion; last edition of a newspaper
finalize v. to end; to sum up; to complete; to conclude
finance n. money management (including investment, banking etc.); science of money management
finance v. to raise money for; to provide with funds; to fund; to pay for
fine n. monetary penalty; punishment which involves the payment of specified sum of money
fine v. to impose a tax upon; to refine; to purify; to become fine or finer; to make thin or thinner; to reduce; to clarify
fiscal adj. of public funds; of or pertaining to money matters
fixture n. something which is permanently or securely attached; person who has been in the same place or position for a long time; set date for a sporting event; regularly scheduled sporting event
fizzle n. failure; fiasco; sputtering which gradually fades into silence
flaw n. defect; imperfection; crack; strong gust or wind
flaw v. to crack; to become defective; to become cracked
flawed adj. defective; imperfect; cracked
flawless adj. perfect; impeccable
flee v. to run away, as from trouble or danger; to pass swiftly away; vanish
fleet adj. swift; fast
fleet n. group of ships, cars, trucks or other vehicles
fleet v. to move quickly; to pass quickly
flexibility n. elasticity; ability to adapt to new circumstances; pliability
flexible adj. elastic; easily bent; adroit; adept; pliable
托业考试综合辅导(5b)
equipment n. supplies; necessary items; tools, instruments or other objects for completing a taskequity n. honesty; fairness; justice
equivalent adj. same in worth or value; same in importance; corresponding
equivalent n. something that is the same of the same level
erase v. to rub off; to remove totally; to delete
erasure n. rubbing out; deletion; eradication
errancy n. The state of erring or an instance of it
errand n. a short trip taken to perform a specified task, usually for another; the purpose or object of such a trip
erratic adj. having no fixed or regular course; wandering; lacking consistency, regularity, or uniformity; deviating from the customary course in conduct or opinion; eccentric
escalate v. to increase, enlarge, or intensify
escalator n. a moving stairway consisting of steps attached to a continuously circulating belt
especially adv. particularly
essence n. inherent nature of something; spirit; central or outstanding characteristic; extract obtained from a plant or other substance
essential adj. necessary; needed; fundamental; crucial; very important
establish v. to set up; to found; to base; to build
establishment n. anything that is set up; institution (i.e. business, church, authority, government, etc.); permanent organization; place of business
estate n. extensive piece of land usually with a large house on it; person's property; wealth; possessions; status; social standing; rank
esteem n. admiration; respect
esteem v. to respect; to honor; to admire; to value
estimate n. judgment of an object's worth; appraisal; opinion; judgment
estimate v. to judge an object's value; to appraise; to assess; to guess; to have an opinion; to make a judgment
evacuate v. to empty or remove the contents of; to excrete or discharge waste matter from (the bowel, for example); to withdraw or depart from; vacate
evade v. to avoid; to run away; to shrink
evaluate v. to appraise; to judge the worth or quality; to assess; to gauge
evaluation n. appraisal; estimation; assessment
evasive adj. avoiding; tending to shrink; elusive
even adj. smooth; straight; level; parallel; equal; uniform; consistent; calm; not easily excited or angered; fair; composed; able to be divide exactly by two (Mathematics)
even v. to make level; to smooth; to balance
eventual adj. final; occurring as a result
evict v. to expel a tenant by legal process; to turn out
evidence n. proof; something which proves or disproves
evident adj. clear; obvious; apparent
evoke v. to arouse; to bring out; to summon; to wake
evolve v. to develop or achieve gradually; to work (something) out; devise; to give off; emit
exaggerate v. to overstate; to make something seem greater or more important than it really is; to make larger than normal
examinee n. person who is tested; candidate
examiner n. person who gives a test
exceed v. to surpass; to pass; to go beyond; to outdo; to excel
excel v. to be talented; to do very well; to surpass; to do better than
excellent adj. superior; extraordinary; outstanding
exception n. something that is out of the ordinary; anomaly; objection; opposition
excessive adj. exceeding a normal, usual, reasonable, or proper limit
exchange n. conversion; stock market; trade; barter; act of giving something in return for something else, conversation
exchange v. to give one thing in return for another; to replace one thing with another; to trade; to barter
exclaim v. to cry out suddenly or vehemently, as from surprise or emotion
exclude v. to leave out; to keep out; to prevent from happening or being; to reject
exclusion n. prevention; rejection; leaving out; keeping out; shutting out
exclusive adj. shutting out all others; sole; limited to a selected few; incompatible; fashionable; unique
exclusive n. news story publicized in only a newspaper or televisions/radio station
exclusively adv. in an exclusive manner; in a manner which shuts out all others; solely; in a limited manner
execute v. to perform; to carry out; to put into practice
executive adj. administrative; operational; having the power to execute laws and policy
executive n. manager; person or group of persons having administrative authority within an organization; branch of a government or organization which executes laws and policy
exert v. to exercise; to use; to make an effort
exertion n. putting to use; putting into action; effort; struggle; strain
exhibit n. something presented as evidence in a court of law; display; show; exhibition (of artwork, products, skills, etc.)
exhibit v. to show; to display; to demonstrate; to present
exhibition n. display; show; public presentation of work or skills; trade fair
exigent adj. requiring immediate action or remedy; requiring much effort or expense; demanding
exist v. to live; to be
existence n. living; state of being; life
exit n. passage that leads out
exit v. to leave; to go out
exotic adj. from another part of the world; foreign; intriguingly unusual or different; excitingly strange
expand v. to spread out; to grow larger; to broaden; to increase; to enlarge; to add to
expansion n. enlargement; increase; spread; development
expectancy n. hope; anticipation; assumption
expectation n. anticipation; longing or waiting for; hope
expectorant adj. promoting or facilitating the secretion or expulsion of phlegm, mucus, or other matter from the respiratory tract
expectorant n. a medicine promoting expectoration
expedite v. to speed up; to accelerate; to facilitate (a process, action, etc.); to dispatch; to execute quickly and efficiently
expel v. eject; drive out; banish
expenditure n. spending; disbursement; outlay (especially financial)
expense n. cost; price; payment
expensive adj. costly; precious; opposite of cheap
experiment n. attempt to discover or test something; trial; research
experiment v. to attempt to discover or test something; to try; to venture; to research
expertise n. proficiency; skill; specialist knowledge and information
expiration n. termination; end
expire v. to come to an end; to finish; to terminate
explicate v. to make clear the meaning of; explain
explicit adj.fully and clearly expressed; leaving nothing implied; forthright and unreserved in expression
explore v. to travel to unknown regions; to investigate; to examine; to research
explorer n. researcher; investigator; person who travels to unknown regions; software program for file management
export n. shipping of goods to other countries; opposite of import; storage of data in a format which can be read by other programs
export v. to ship; to send abroad; to sell goods and products overseas
expose v. to reveal; to uncover; to disclose; to abandon
exposition n. a setting forth of meaning or intent; a public exhibition or show, as of artistic or industrial developments
exposure n. denouncement; revealing; photograph; abandoning; placement
expulsion n. the act of expelling or the state of being expelled
extend v. to stretch; to pull out to its greatest possible length; to enlarge; to lengthen; to give; to bestow; to reach out
extension n. expansion; branch of a telephone network; particular telephone number; supplement; elongation; reprieve; group of letters which indicates the type of computer files
extensive adj. spreading over a large area; comprehensive
extent n. scope; range; scale; size; measure; degree
extract n. substance obtained from a plant; essence; text paragraph; passage; excerpt; quotation (from a text)
extract v. to remove; to take out; to squeeze; to press; to elicit; to draw out
extradite v. to hand over to another nation or judicial authority
extraordinary adj. unusual
托业考试综合辅导(5a)
earmark n. an identifying feature or characteristic; an identifying mark on the ear of a domestic animalearmark v. to reserve or set aside for a particular purpose; to mark in an identifying or distinctive way
earnings n. money gained; salary; wages; revenue; profit; income
ebullient adj. zestfully enthusiastic; boiling or seeming to boil; bubbling
economize v. to save; to cut back; to be thrifty; to be frugal
economy n. management of resources (i.e. money, goods, etc.); thrift; careful spending; the structure of economic life in a country, area, or period
edible adj. fit to be eaten
edible n. something fit to be eaten; food
effect n. result; outcome; influence; impact; gimmick; trick; natural phenomenon
effect v. to accomplish; to put into action; to execute; to do
effective adj. productive; efficient; in operation; impressive; striking
efficient adj. effective; done without waste (of time, resources, etc.)
effluent adj. flowing out or forth
effluent n. something that flows out or forth
effort n. physical or mental exertion; labor; attempt; something accomplished through hard word; organized operation
effusive adj. overflowing; unreserved; unrestrained; exuberant
eject v. to throw out forcefully; expel; to compel to leave
elaborate adj. detailed; complicated; carefully planned; worked out in great detail
elaborate v. to provide additional details; to plan carefully and with great detail; to produce; to develop
elaboration n. painstaking labor; careful planning; adding of extra details; act of improving; production
elect v. to choose; to vote for; to prefer; to decide
election n. choosing; time when people vote for a political candidate
electrician n. person who installs or maintains wiring systems
elementary adj. basic; fundamental
elevation n. height of something; altitude above sea or ground level; raising; lifting up; grandeur
elevator n. lift; mechanical apparatus for moving people or items from floor to floor within a building
elicit v. to extract from; to bring out; to draw out
eligible adj. suitable; worthy of; qualified; entitled to; allowed
eliminate v. to remove; to get rid of
elucidate v. to explain; to clarify; to describe; to depict
elude v. to avoid; to escape; to shrink
elusive adj. tending to elude capture, perception, comprehension, or memory; difficult to define or describe
embark v. to go on board a ship; to put on board a ship; to begin; to become involved in an enterprise
embrace n. hug; act of wrapping one's arms around another person or thing
embrace v. to accept; to use; to include; to surround; to belief; to attempt to sway the opinion of a judge or jury through bribery or threats; to hug; to hold tight
emend v. to improve by critical editing
emerge v. to appear; to come out; to be revealed
emergency adj. in the event of sudden need
emergency n. sudden need demanding immediate action
emit v. to give or send out (matter or energy); to voice; express; to issue with authority, especially to put (currency) into circulation
empathy n. entering into the feelings of another; sympathy; vicarious emotion; understanding
emphasis n. importance that is attached to something; accent or stress that is placed on a word or words
emphasize v. to stress; to show the importance of
emulate v. to imitate; to try to equal or excel; to take after; to copy
enact v. to make into law; to act (something) out, as on a stage
enclose v. to surround; to confine; to close in; to place an additional document or letter within another
enclosure n. confinement; additional document or letter placed within another
encounter v. to meet by chance; to face; to meet with (difficulties, hardships, etc.)
encourage v. to support; to inspire; to give hope
encroach v. to advance beyond proper limits; to infringe
endorse v. to write one's signature on the back of (a check, for example) as evidence of the legal transfer of its ownership, especially in return for the cash or credit indicated on its face; to place (one's signature), as on a contract, to indicate approval of its contents or terms; to acknowledge (receipt of payment) by signing a bill, draft, or other instrument; to give approval of or support to, especially by public statement; sanction
endorsement n. signature on a money order such as a check
endow v. to provide with property, income, or a source of income; to equip or supply with a talent or quality
endowment n. funds or property donated to an institution, individual, or group as a source of income; a natural gift, ability, or quality
endure v. to put up with something or somebody unpleasant
enervate v. to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of
engage v. to keep busy; to occupy; to employ; to attract; to commit; to bind (to fulfill an obligation); to enter in a fight
engagement n. commitment; obligation; period of employment; battle; fight; promise to marry
enhance v. to increase; to intensify; to improve; to raise the value of
enlarge v. to become bigger; to expand
enlargement n. expansion; increase in size; magnification
enlighten v. to instruct; to provide with intellectual or spiritual understanding
enlightenment n. state of being enlightened; state of intellectual or spiritual awareness
enlist v. to draft into military service; to voluntarily join a cause
enrich v. to make rich; to improve; to make better
enrichment n. enhancement; refinement; improvement
enroll v. to register; to sign up; to join up; to enter one's name on a list
ensure v. to make certain; to guarantee; to make secure
enterprise n. initiative; company; firm; undertaking; challenging project; business; endeavor; adventurous spirit; boldness
entertain v. to interest; to amuse; to host; to hold or maintain in the mind (i.e. a feeling, an idea, a thought, etc.)
entertainment n. something that entertains; something interesting or amusing; fun; hospitality
enthuse v. to express excitement; to motivate
enthusiasm n. excitement; great interest
enthusiastic adj. excited; intensely interested; zealous; passionate; ardent; fervent
entire adj. whole; including every part; complete; full
entirely adv. totally; completely; absolutely
entitle v. to give a heading or name to (i.e. a book, painting, etc.); to grant a right; to claim something
entitled adj. allowed; eligible; having the right to something
entrust v. to give to for safekeeping; to empower someone with a responsibility or duty
entry n. opening; record; information or item in a book, dictionary, catalog, list, directory, etc.
environment n. surroundings; conditions in which someone or something lives
environmental adj. pertaining to the environment
envision v. to imagine to oneself; to picture; to visualize
episode n. event; occurrence; one of a group of loosely connected stories
equality n. sameness; uniformity
equip v. to provide with the required supplies, tools and items
托业考试综合辅导(4c)
dismay v. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension; to cause to lose enthusiasm; disillusiondismiss v. to send away; to fire; to release; to free
disparate adj. markedly different; contrasting
dispassion n. freedom from passion, bias, or emotion; objectivity
dispassionate adj. devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias
dispatch n. sending off; shipment; message; communication; promptness
dispatch v. to send off quickly; to dismiss; to conclude with speed and efficiency; to eliminate
dispel v. to rid one's mind of; to drive away or off by or as if by scattering
dispense n. expenditure; pardon
dispense v. to do without; to give up; to distribute; to give out; to hand out
disperse v. to drive off or scatter in different directions; to cause to vanish or disappear; to disseminate
displace v. to move or shift from the usual place or position, especially to force to leave a homeland; to take the place of; supplant; to discharge from an office or position
display n. presentation; show; screen; monitor (Computers); exposure; exhibition; attractive arrangement of products
display v. to put out for others to see; to show; to exhibit; to reveal; to show in an ostentatious manner
disposal n. getting rid of; arranging
dispose v. to control; to arrange; to put in order
disposition n. tendency; character; nature; trait; arrangement; placement
dispute n. quarrel; disagreement; argument
dispute v. to argue; to debate; to appeal; to contest; to oppose; to fight against
disrupt v. to upset; to disturb; to divide
dissent n. difference of opinion or feeling; disagreement; the refusal to conform to the authority or doctrine of an established church
dissent v. to differ in opinion or feeling; disagree; to withhold assent or approval
dissidence n. disagreement, as of opinion or belief; dissent
dissipate v. to scatter; to spread out; to be scattered
dissolve v. To cause to pass into solution; To cause to disappear or vanish; dispel; To bring to an end by or as if by breaking up; terminate
distinctive adj. special; unique; different
distinguish v. to mark as different; to see as different; to discern; to recognize
distort v. to twist out of a proper or natural relation of parts; misshape; to give a false or misleading account of; misrepresent; to cause to work in a twisted or disorderly manner; pervert
distract v. to disturb; to confuse; to worry; to divert; to amuse; to draw one's attention away; opposite of to attract
distress n. anxiety or mental suffering; severe strain resulting from exhaustion or an accident; the condition of being in need of immediate assistance
distress v. to cause strain, anxiety, or suffering to; to mar or otherwise treat (an object or fabric, for example) to give the appearance of an antique or of heavy prior use
distribute v. to divide and dispense in portions; to supply (goods) to retailers; to spread or diffuse over an area; scatter; to separate into categories; classify
distributor n. person, company or organization that markets a commodity, product or service; wholesaler; person who allots or dispenses
disturb v. to bother; to interrupt; to confuse; to worry; to cause concern; to cause disorder
diverse adj. different; varied
diversification n. process of becoming varied
diversify v. to make different; to invest one's assets in various securities
diversity n. variety; difference; unlikeness
divert v. to distract; to entertain; to turn in a different direction; to deflect
dividend n. a share of profits received by a stockholder or by a policyholder in a mutual insurance society; a payment pro rata to a creditor of a person adjudged bankrupt
division n. act of separating into parts; partitioning; basic mathematical operation in which one number is divided by another; department; faculty; ranking; level according to difficulty; group of soldiers that form a distinct tactical unit within a squadron
document n. certificate; paper which provides information or evidence; deed; written file; data file containing the product of a user's work (Computers)
document v. to record for evidence; to write down; to provide with documentary evidence; to substantiate
documentation n. collection of written records; use of written records as evidence
domain n. a territory over which rule or control is exercised; a sphere of activity, concern, or function; a field
domestic adj. pertaining to home; pertaining to family; tame (about an animal)
domestic n. housemaid; servant; housekeeper
dominant adj. exercising the most influence or control; most prominent, as in position; ascendant
dominate v. to control; to rule; to command
donate v. to give; to contribute; to grant; to bestow
donation n. gift; contribution
dosage n. administration of a therapeutic agent in prescribed amounts; addition of an ingredient to a substance in a specific amount, especially to wine
dotted adj. spotted; speckled; composed of a series of small dashes (about a line)
downcast adj. directed downward; low in spirits; depressed
download v. to copy files from a distant computer onto another computer through an Internet connection
downsize v. to reduce the size of; to make smaller; to manufacture smaller amounts; to cut the number of employees
downsizing n. act of reducing the size of; bringing something down to a smaller scale; lowering expenses; taking various measures to cut costs in order to stabilize the financial situation of a corporation (i.e. manufacturing in smaller amounts, etc.)
downstream adj. in the direction of a stream's current; closer to the point of sale than to the point of production or manufacture (Business)
downturn n. negative tendency (especially in economy or business)
downward adj. descending
downward adv. towards a lower place, position or section
draft n. rough outline; sketch; check; written order for payment; conscription; calling up for army service; current of air
draft v. to make an outline; to draw up in written form; to conscript; to recruit for military service; to force or persuade to do some task; to draw out and separate
drastic adj. extreme; intense; severe
drastically adv. (b) intensely; in an extreme manner; severely
draw v. to attract; to pull; to pull out; to sketch; to depict with lines; to describe with words; to move towards; to suck in; to conclude; to drain; to stretch out; to pick randomly; to be given randomly; to shrink by contraction; to disembowel
drawback n. a disadvantage or inconvenience; a refund or remittance, such as a discount on duties or taxes for goods destined for reexport
dress code n. formally or socially imposed standards of dress, especially in a company; the way employees of a company are dressed at work
drill n. tool for drilling holes; practice; training; furrow; seeding machine; row of seeds in a furrow
drill v. to bore a hole; to practice; to train; to sow seeds in rows
drop n. small globule of liquid; drip; very small amount; pendant; piece of candy; lozenge; act of dropping supplies from a plane; sudden descent; fall
duplicate adj. double; identical; matching
duplicate n. copy; photocopy; exact replica; reproduction
duplicate v. to copy; to replicate; to photocopy
durable adj. sturdy; long lasting
duration n. period of time that something continues
duress n. intimidation; constraint; pressure; coercion
dweller n. a person who inhabits a particular place
dynamic adj. forceful; energetic; vigorous; spirited; alive
托业考试综合辅导(4b)
derivation n. the act or process of deriving; the form or source from which something is derived; an origin; the historical origin and development of a worddescend v. to move from a higher to a lower place; come or go down; to slope, extend, or incline downward; to come down from a source; derive
describe v. to depict; to illustrate; to explain; to characterize; to elucidate; to give an account of
description n. explanation; illustration; instruction
desert adj. of, relating to, characteristic of, or inhabiting a desert; barren and uninhabited; desolate
desert n. a barren or desolate area; an empty or forsaken place; a wasteland
desert v. to leave empty or alone; abandon; to withdraw from, especially in spite of a responsibility or duty; forsake
deserve v. to be worthy of; to have a right to
design n. plan; sketch; model; layout; structure
design v. to make plans for; to formulate; to create; to conceive; to think up; to intend; to produce; to conceptualize
designate v. to indicate or specify; point out; to select and set aside for a duty, an office, or a purpose
despiteprep. notwithstanding
destination n. place where one is going; place where something is sent; the purpose for which something is destined
destroy v. to demolish; to ruin; to destruct; to erase
destruction n. ruin; desolation; annihilation
detachment n. the act or process of disconnecting or detaching; separation; the state of being separate or detached; indifference to or remoteness from the concerns of others; aloofness
detail v. to list; to describe; to specify; to assign; to delegate; to enumerate
detailed adj. itemized; containing details; marked by abundant detail or by thoroughness in treating small items or parts
detain v. to keep from proceeding; delay or retard; to keep in custody or temporary confinement
detect v. to discover; to discern; to find out
detention n. the act of detaining; the state or a period of being detained
deteriorate v. to diminish or impair in quality, character, or value; to grow worse; degenerate; to weaken or disintegrate; decay
determine v. to decide; to define; to settle; to conclude; to cause; to affect
detest v. to dislike intensely; abhor
detrimental adj. causing damage or harm; injurious
devaluation n. a reduction in the value of one currency in relation to other currencies
devastate v. to lay waste; destroy; to overwhelm; confound; stun
deviate v. to turn aside from a course or way; to depart, as from a norm, purpose, or subject; stray
device n. apparatus; hardware component which can send or receive date (Computers); appliance; gadget; trick; scheme
devise v. to plan; to invent; to design
devitalize v. to diminish or destroy the strength or vitality of
devote v. to give or apply (one's time, attention, or self) entirely to a particular activity, pursuit, cause, or person; to set apart for a specific purpose or use; to set apart by or as if by a vow or solemn act; consecrate
dictate v. to say something aloud for someone to write down; to command; to order; to impose
diet n. nourishment; nutrition; food and drink; regimen; weight loss plan
diet v. to limit the amount of food eaten; to eat only certain kinds of food
diffuse v. to pour out and cause to spread freely; to spread about or scatter; disseminate; to make less brilliant; soften
digit n. one of the ten Arabic number symbols, 0 through 9; a human finger or toe
digital adj. using numbers; with numbers; based on digits
dignity n. respected position; honor; nobility
diligent adj. ambitious; industrious; hard-working; characterized by steady, earnest, and energetic effort
directory n. guidebook; library; catalog; subdivision of a disk in which files are stored (Computers); web portal site
disappear v. to go out of sight; to become extinct; to cease to exist; to vanish; opposite of to appear
disavow v. to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association with
discard n. garbage; refuse; scrap
discard v. to throw away; to get rid of
discern v. to distinguish; to perceive; to recognize; to discriminate
discharge n. the act of removing a load or burden; a flowing out or pouring forth; emission; secretion; something that is discharged, released, emitted, or excreted
discharge v. to relieve of a burden or of contents; unload; to release, as from confinement, care, or duty; to remove from office or employment
discipline n. training
disclaim v. to deny connection with; to renounce; to repudiate; to disavow
disclaimer n. statement which denies responsibility or affiliation; act of disclaiming; repudiation; renouncing of a claim; denial
discord n. Lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things; Tension or strife resulting from a lack of agreement; dissension; An inharmonious combination of simultaneously sounded tones (Music)
discord v. to fail to agree or harmonize; clash
discount n. price reduction; rebate
discount v. to disregard; to ignore; to reduce the price of; to mark down; to give a discount
discourage v. to cause to lose heart; to deter; to dissuade; to show disapproval of; to derail
discouraged adj. deprived of hope or confidence; dissuaded from
discouragement n. derailment; feeling of despair in the face of obstacles
discourse n. verbal expression in speech or writing; verbal exchange; conversation
discourse v. to speak or write formally and at length; to engage in conversation or discussion; converse
discover v. to find out; to come across; to gain knowledge; to learn of something; to get information about something
discredit n. loss of or damage to one's reputation; lack or loss of trust or belief; doubt; something damaging to one's reputation or stature
discredit v. to damage in reputation; disgrace; to cause to be doubted or distrusted; to refuse to believe
discrete adj. separate; individual; discontinuous
discretion n. caution; wisdom; careful judgment
discriminate v. to make a clear distinction; distinguish; to make distinctions on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit; show preference or prejudice
disdain n. a feeling or show of contempt and aloofness; scorn
disdain v. to regard or treat with haughty contempt; despise; to consider or reject as beneath oneself
disease n. sickness; illness
disembark v. to go ashore from a boat; to leave a plane or vehicle; to land
disgruntle v. to make discontented
disguise n. the act or an instance of disguising; clothes or accessories worn to conceal one's true identity; appearance that misrepresents the true character of something
disguise v.to modify the manner or appearance of in order to prevent recognition; to conceal or obscure by dissemblance or false show; misrepresent
dislocate v. to put out of usual or proper place, position, or relationship; to throw into confusion or disorder; disrupt
dislodge v. to extricate; to remove; to evict; to oust; to expel
dismal adj. gloomy; cheerless; bad; depressing; sad
dismay n. a sudden or complete loss of courage in the face of trouble or danger
托业考试综合辅导(4a)
daily adj. occurring on a regular basisdaily n. newspaper that is published 5 to 7 times a week
damage n. injury; harm
damage v. to cause harm; to cause injury; to destroy partly
dampen v. to make damp; to deaden, restrain, or depress
dash n. punctuation mark indicating a break in a sentence; hyphen; bit; drop; pinch; rush; sprint; onset; race; vigor; spirit
dash v. to move with sudden speed; to bolt; to shatter; to hurl; to cast
date n. day, month and year according to the calendar; interview; meeting
deadline n. time when a project; assignment; task or job must be completed or turned in
deafening adj. to make deaf, especially momentarily by a loud noise; to make soundproof
deal n. agreement; business transaction; exchange; amount
deal v. to give; to provide; to offer; to distribute; to supply; to direct; to take care; to sell; to trade
dealer n. supplier; seller; merchant; agent; sales representative
dealing n. manner of doing business; behavior; distribution; giving out
debase v. to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade
debate n. argument; dispute; discussion; conversation
debate v. to argue; to discuss; to consider; to ponder
debris n. rubble; ruins; wreckage; fragments
debt n. obligation; something owed (i.e. money)
debut n. opening of a show; first public appearance
debut v. to perform for the first time; to make one's premiere performance
decade n. ten years; group of tens
deceive v. to cause to believe what is not true; mislead
declaration n. statement; proclamation; announcement
declare v. to proclaim; to make a statement; to make a full statement of (one's taxable or dutiable property)
decline n. downward; descent; slope; ebb
decline v. to refuse; to go down; to decrease; to fall
decorate v. to furnish, provide, or adorn with something ornamental; embellish; to confer a medal or other honor on
decrease n. decline; reduction; lessening
decrease v. to reduce; to lessen; to decline
dedicate v. to devote to; to set apart for; to inscribe (a book, poem, song, story etc.) to someone
dedication n. devotion; inscription (in a book, poem, etc.)
deduce v. to reach (a conclusion) by reasoning; to infer from a general principle; reason deductively
deduction n. the act of deducting; subtraction; an amount that is or may be deducted; the drawing of a conclusion by reasoning
defamation n. The act of defaming; calumny
default n. failure to perform a duty; failure to pay on time; failure to appear in court; option on a computer which is automatically selected
default v. to fail to perform a duty; to fail to pay on time; to fail to appear in court
defect n. deficiency; flaw
defect v. to desert; to abandon; to change sides
defense n. protection; security; rampart; shield
deference n. submission or courteous yielding to the opinion, wishes, or judgment of another; courteous respect
define v. to explain; to clarify; to limit; to set boundaries
definition n. explanation; meaning; interpretation (as of a word or term)
deform v. to spoil the natural form of; misshape; to spoil the beauty or appearance of; disfigure
degrade v. to reduce in grade, rank, or status; demote; to lower in dignity; dishonor or disgrace; to lower in moral or intellectual character; debase
degree n. rank; extent; unit of measurement of temperature and angles; academic title received after completing a program of studies at a university or college, i.e.: MBA (Master of Business Administration)
deject v. to lower the spirits of; dishearten
delay n. postponement; hindrance; hold-up; stopping; lingering
delay v. to postpone; to hinder; to linger; to move slowly; to loiter
delegate n. representative; deputy; agent; participant of a conference, convention; seminar etc.
delegate v. to authorize; to appoint as representative; to pass a duty or responsibility on to someone else
delete v. to remove totally; to erase; to eliminate
deliberate adj. intentional; purposeful; methodical
delicious adj. tasty; having a pleasant taste or smell
delineate v. to draw or trace the outline of; sketch out; to represent pictorially; depict; to depict in words or gestures; describe
deliver v. to convey; to give; to bring; to distribute; to express
delivery n. distribution; liberation; transference
delude v. to deceive the mind or judgment of
demeanor n. behavior; conduct; bearing; appearance
demographics n. study of the statistical characteristics of a population
demolish v. to destroy; to ruin; to tear down; to remove
demonstrate v. to exhibit; to present; to display emotion; to display public opinion (through a protest march, meeting or any other action); to show or illustrate something through example, or physical demonstrations
demonstration n. exhibition; explanation; showing; display of public opinion (through a protest march, meeting or any other action); emotional display
denial n. refusal to accept; refusal to believe; refusal to recognize; act of denying
denominator n. shared characteristic; common feature; number below the line in a fraction (Mathematics)
denounce v. to condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible; to accuse formally
dense adj. compact; having a high mass per unit volume; close
density n. compactness; closeness
deny v. to say that something is not true; to refuse; to renounce
depart v. to leave; to go away; to go in a different direction; to die
departure n. leaving; going away; opposite of arrival
depend v. to rely on; to trust; to be dependent upon; to be supported by
dependent adj. relying on; needing (the help or support of another person); conditional; contingent
depict v. to describe; to illustrate; to characterize; to portray; to elucidate
deplete v. to decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out
deplore v. to feel or express strong disapproval of; condemn; to express sorrow or grief over
deploy v. to be spread out or arranged strategically (of troops, etc.); to move into a position of readiness and availability
deposit n. sum of money that has been put in a bank for safekeeping; partial payment; pledge
deposit v. to put a sum of money in a bank for safekeeping; to pay in part; to set down
deprivation n. a removal of rank or office; a removal of rank or office; a removal of rank or office
deprive v. to take something away from; to keep from possessing or enjoying; deny; to remove from office
deregulate v. to free from regulation, especially to remove government regulations from
deregulation n. process of removing something from government control; transferal of ownership from government to private hands; privatization
dereliction n. willful neglect, as of duty or principle; the act of abandoning; abandonment
deride v. to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth
托业考试综合辅导(3d)
conspicuous adj. easy to notice; obvious; attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable; noticeableconstant adj. continuous; firm; faithful; persistent; unbending; adamant
consternation n. a state of paralyzing dismay
constipation n. difficult, incomplete, or infrequent evacuation of dry hardened feces from the bowels; obstruction; stultification
constrain v. to compel; to force; to reinforce; to oblige; to coerce; to emphasis; to stress
constraint n. restriction; force; limitation; limit
construct v. to form by assembling or combining parts; build; to create (an argument or a sentence, for example) by systematically arranging ideas or terms
construction n. building; structure; the industry of erecting buildings; word combination
construe v. to interpret; to see; to perceive
consultancy n. advisership
consultant n. advisor (adviser); counselor; coach; person who gives professional advice
consume v. to eat or drink; to use up; to destroy
consumer n. buyer; client
consumption n. using up
contact n. link; connection; touch; interface
contact v. to establish communication; to make a connection; to link to; to connect with
contain v. to include; to hold back; to restrain; to keep under control
contemporary adj. modern; current
contemporary n. person living at about the same time as another person
content adj. satisfied; pleased
content n. substance; component; all that is inside of something
content v. to satisfy; to please; to meet a request
contest n. competition
contest v. to fight for; to challenge; to appeal
context n. connection; text (words, sentences and phrases) that surround a word or sentence; overall situation; background; situation
continue v. to go on; to keep doing something; to last; to perpetuate
continuity n. stability; consistency; continuousness; unbroken succession
continuous adj. successive; uninterrupted; permanent
contractor n. person or company that does a particular job or assignment
contrary adj. opposed
contrary adv. in opposition; against; counter
contrary n. something which is opposite
contrive v. to devise; to invent; to dream up; to design (often in a negative way)
convenience n. comfort; freedom from discomfort; fitness or suitability for performing an action or fulfilling a requirement
convenient adj. comfortable; useful; serviceable
convention n. conference; routine; custom; treaty
conventional adj. customary; routine; formal
converge v. to meet; to assemble to gather; to get together
conversant adj. well-versed; proficient; skilled
conversation n. talk; dialogue; discussion; verbal exchange
convey v. to carry; to transport; to impart or to communicate by statement, suggestion, gesture or appearance
conveyance n. the act of transferring a property title from one person to another
conviction n. acknowledgement; strong persuasion or belief; condemnation
convince v. to persuade; to influence; to prove
cooperation n. collaboration; working together
coordinate adj. equal; equivalent; of equal rank or authority
coordinate n. reference point; geographical location
coordinate v. to arrange in proper order
cordially adv. in a friendly manner; warmly
corp. abbr. large company; firm; business
corporate adj. common; shared; collective
correlate v. to put or bring into causal, complementary, parallel, or reciprocal relation; to establish or demonstrate as having a correlation
correlation n. mutual connection (between two or more things); similarity; parallel
corrupt adj. spoiled; immoral; dishonest; perverted
corrupt v. to cause to be dishonest; to pervert; to spoil
corruption n. dishonesty; immorality; decay; irregularity; unlawfulness; illegality
costly adj. of high price or value; expensive; entailing loss or sacrifice
council n. assembly; board; group of people (gathered to advise, plan, etc.)
counsel n. advice; person who gives advice; attorney; lawyer
counsel v. to advise; to instruct; to coach; to advocate
counter adv. against; in contrast to
counter n. bar; long flat; surface (in a restaurant, kitchen, etc.); counting device
counterprep. against; opposed
counter v. to oppose; to retaliate; to react; to strike back
counterbalance n. equal weight or power acting in opposition
counterbalance v. to act against; to oppose (with an equal weight, force etc.)
coupon n. printed form that entitles the holder to certain rights such as in a discount
courier n. messenger; person who carries a message or goes an errand; company that delivers messages, documents, parcels, etc.
court n. yard; law court; formal reception; are where basketball or tennis is played
court v. to seek to please; to flatter; to seek to gain the affections of someone
courteously adv. politely; respectfully; graciously
courtesy n. politeness; good manners; cordiality; civility
coverage n. survey; review; news reporting; insurance
crack v. to break or snap apart; to make a sharp snapping sound; to break without complete separation of parts; fissure
craft n. trade; skill; skillfulness (in doing or creating); occupation; boat; plane
craft v. to shape with skill
crafted adj. produced; made; manufactured
crave v. to have an intense desire for; to need urgently; require; to beg earnestly for; implore
create v. to produce; to design; to make; to manufacture
creative adj. inventive; innovative; artistic
creativity n. innovativeness; inventiveness; ability to create
credible adj. reliable; trustworthy; dependable
credit n. money (in a bank account), money (from a bank or other source); trust; confidence; importance; respect; points earned (through study)
credit risk n. the prospect that a bond issuer will fail to make required debt payments
credit v. to believe; to have faith in; to accept; to bring honor or recognition to; to supply goods by deferred payment; to give credit to
creditor n. person or organization that lends something; lender; loaner; moneylender
creep v. to move with the body close to the ground, as on hands and knees; to move stealthily or cautiously; to move or proceed very slowly
crew n. group of people working together; team
criterion n. standard against which something is measured; factor; discipline
critic n. one who forms and expresses judgments of the merits, faults, value, or truth of a matter; one who specializes especially professionally in the evaluation and appreciation of literary or artistic works
critical adj. judgmental; important; crucial; vital
criticism n. the act of criticizing, especially adversely; a critical comment or judgment; the practice of analyzing, classifying, interpreting, or evaluating literary or other artistic works
criticize v. to disapprove; to censure; to find fault
critique n. a critical review or commentary, especially one dealing with works of art or literature; a critical discussion of a specified topic; the art of criticism
crop n. harvest; produce (Agriculture); group; whip; short haircut
crop v. to harvest; to cut short; to clip
crowd n. public; large group of people; gathering; large number of objects grouped together
crowd v. to gather together; to group together; to press in
crowded adj. full; packed; crammed together
crucial adj. very important; critical; decisive; vital
cruise n. traveling on a ship; sea voyage; sailing
cruise v. to sail; to move at a moderate speed; to travel; to coast; to drive along slowly
crux n. heart of the matter; main point
cuisine n. style of cooking; national food
culminate v. to reach the highest point or degree; climax; to come to completion; end
curb v. to check, restrain, or control as if with a curb; rein in
cure n. method or course that restores health; prescribed treatment for an illness
cure v. to restore to health; to make well; to correct a bad habit; to preserve food
curfew n. a regulation requiring certain or all people to leave the streets or be at home at a prescribed hour; the time at which such a restriction begins or is in effect
curious adj. inquisitive; desiring to know and understand; odd; strange; rare
currency n. national money of a country; circulation; custom; prevalence
current adj. recent; common; prevalent; present; popular
current n. flow (of water, electricity, etc.); process; tendency; direction
curt adj. brief; blunt; rude
curtly adv. briefly; bluntly; rudely
cushion n. pillow; soft padded object
cushion v. to reduce; to protect; to soften; to upholster
custom n. habit; tradition; convention
customer n. client; buyer; person who buys a product or service
customize v. to make or to fit according to individual needs or desires; to personalize; to individualize
customs n. place where goods and baggage are examined on entering a country; government department responsible for collecting taxes on imports
cutback n. reduction; curtailing; decrease
托业考试综合辅导(3c)
competitor n. rival; companies that have the same target markets are competitors (i.e. Coca Cola and Pepsi); person who participates in a contestcompile v. to gather into a single book; to put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources
complacent adj. content; self-satisfied; comfortable; smug
complain v. to find fault; to express displeasure; to protest
complaint n. finding fault; act of expressing displeasure; pleading entered by a plaintiff (Law)
complete v. to make whole; to finish; to perfect
completion n. finishing; finalizing
compliant adj. obedient; submissive; obliging; yielding; acquiescent
complicate v. to confuse; to make hard to understand; to make difficult; to make complex
complicated adj. confusing; hard to understand; difficult; complex
compliment n. expression of admiration; word of praise for someone
comply v. to submit; to consent; to obey; to agree with
component n. ingredient; single piece which forms part of a larger unit; part; constituent; element
compose v. to create; to write; to arrange; to relax; to calm oneself; to settle
composition n. make-up; constitution; something which has been composed; essay
composure n. serenity; self-control; calmness; coolness
comprehend v. to understand; to contain; to grasp; to absorb; to perceive
comprehensive adj. including a lot; large in scope; extensive
comprise v. to include; to contain; to consist
compromise n. agreement; settling of a disagreement by making mutual concessions
compromise v. to establish an agreement; to settle a dispute; to settle a disagreement by making mutual concessions
compulsory adj. obligatory; required
compunction n. a strong uneasiness caused by a sense of guilt; a sting of conscience or a pang of doubt aroused by wrongdoing or the prospect of wrongdoing
compute v. to calculate; to figure; to estimate
conceal v. to hide; to keep secret; to cover up
conceive v. to understand; to comprehend; to grasp
concentrate v. to focus; to pay attention; to collect (energy, power, etc.) in one place or on one issue; to make stronger or more intense
concept n. plan; idea; thought; structure; system
conceptualize v. to plan; to design; to imagine; to conceive; to envision; to visualize
concern n. worry; issue; problem; interest; question; group of companies; large corporation
concern v. to involve; to affect; to worry; to interest; to relate to
concerningprep. about
conclude v. to finish; to infer; to deduce; to make a decision
conclusion adj. end; deduction; cognition; final decision
conclusive adj. serving to put an end to doubt, question, or uncertainty; decisive
concoct v. to invent; to create; to contrive; to think up
concrete adj. tangible; real; substantial; solid
concrete n. cement; something tangible (idea, object, etc.)
concrete v. to solidify
concur v. to agree; to harmonize; to coincide; to collaborate; to consent
condense v. to reduce the volume or compass of; to make more concise; abridge or shorten
conditional adj. imposing, depending on, or containing a condition
condolence n. sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief, or misfortune
condone v. to overlook, forgive, or disregard (an offense) without protest or censure
conduct n. behavior; management
conduct v. to behave; to manage; to transfer; to carry out; to transmit; to ensemble
confer v. to bestow (an honor, for example); to invest with (a characteristic, for example)
confess v. to disclose (something damaging or inconvenient to oneself); admit; to acknowledge belief or faith in; profess
confidence n. trust; certainty; faith in oneself; secret
confident adj. certain; sure of oneself; composed
confidential adj. classified; secret; strictly private
confirm v. to approve; to verify; to ascertain
confirmation n. formal approval; proof; verification; religious ceremony
conform v. to correspond in form or character; be similar; to act or be in accord or agreement; comply; to act in accordance with current customs or modes
confront v. to come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility; to bring face to face with; to come up against; encounter
confuse v. to embarrass; to mix up; to muddle up; to bewilder; to startle
confusion n. disorder; embarrassment; bewilderment
congenial adj. having the same tastes, habits, or temperament; sympathetic; of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable; suited to one's needs or nature; agreeable
congest v. to overfill or overcrowd
congregate adj. gathered; assembled; involving a group
congregate v. to bring or come together in a group, crowd, or assembly
congruent adj. identical; corresponding; in agreement; harmonious
conjunction n. connection; link; uniting; joining
conjure v. to appeal; to summon; to invoke; to implore
connote v. to imply; to suggest; to hint
conscientious adj. careful; wanting to do what is right
conscientiously adv. dutifully; with care; thoroughly
conscious adj. aware; awake; attentive
consciously adv. knowingly; with awareness
consciousness n. awareness; cognition; ability to perceive
consecutive adj. sequential; following one after another
consensus n. an opinion or position reached by a group as a whole; general agreement or accord
consequently adv. as a result; therefore
conservative adj. resisting change; desiring to preserve traditions; cautious
conservative n. person who is resistant to change; cautious person; person who favors traditional political parties
conserve v. to protect; to guard from harm
consider v. to think over; to think carefully about something; to believe; to regard; to take into account
considerable adj. large in amount, extent, or degree; worthy of consideration; significant
consideration n. payment; thoughtfulness; respectfulness; careful attention
consideringprep. taking into account; in light of
consign v. to give over to the care of another; entrust; to turn over permanently to another's charge or to a lasting condition; commit irrevocably; to deliver (merchandise, for example) for custody or sale
consignment n. delivery; dispatch; conveyance
consist v. to be composed of; to be made up of
consistency n. material coherence; firmness; persistence; steadfastness
consistent adj. coherent; steadfast; firm
consortium n. partnership; association
托业考试综合辅导(3b)
circulate v. to move in or flow through a circle or circuit; to move around, as from person to person or place to place; to spread widely among persons or placescircumspect adj. careful; cautious
circumstance n. condition; influencing factor; situation
circumstance v. to place in particular situations
circumvent v. to by-pass; to side-step; to evade
citation n. quotation; official praise; summons to a court of law
cite v. to quote as an authority or example; to mention or bring forward as support, illustration, or proof
citizen n. resident; native of a country; person who lives in a city or town; person who is not a soldier; civilian
citizenship n. right to live in a country; condition of being a member of a country
civic adj. pertaining to a city; pertaining to citizenship
claim v. to demand, ask for, or take as one's own or one's due; to take in a violent manner as if by right; to state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain; To deserve or call for; require
claim n. lawsuit; request; right
clarify v. to make clear; to explain
classify v. to arrange systematically; to structure; to group; to sort; to make confidential
clause n. paragraph; section in a document; part of a contract
clearance n. release; approval; washing
clearly adv. obviously; apparently; unmistakably
clerk n. minor office worker; book-keeper; bureaucrat
clerk v. to work as an employee (i.e. in the legal or bank business)
client n. customer; buyer; computer that serves as a terminal
clientele n. the clients of a professional person or practice considered as a group; a body of customers or patrons
climate n. weather conditions; surrounding conditions; atmosphere; setting
clip n. clamp; fastener; shred; sharp blow; sharp strike; short film; segment of video; selecting part of a graphic document for the purpose of editing (Computers)
clip v. to cut off; to curtail; to cut short; to leave out (a letter or letters) from a word; to trim off
clipping n. article cut from a newspaper; piece which has been cut off or clipped out
clock n. timepiece; device for telling time
close adj. near; adjacent; careful; secretive; stingy; dense; compact; crowded; oppressive; intimate
coach n. trainer; tutor; teacher; bus; railroad car; horse pulled carriage
coach v. to train; to teach; to instruct; to direct; to guide; to counsel; to consult; to advise
coal n. fuel made from carbon; cinder; ember
coalition n. alliance; union; voluntary joining together; agreement made between two or more parties to work together toward a common goal
code n. cipher; string of commands in a programming language (Computers); collection of instructions of the law; the codex and rules
code v. to cipher
cogent adj. appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning; convincing
cognition n. awareness; perception
coherent adj. sticking together; consistent
cohesive adj. sticking together; forming a unit or union; united; related to each other
coin n. metal money; piece of stamped metal currency (as opposed to paper bills)
coincide v. to occupy the same relative position or the same area in space; to happen at the same time or during the same period; to correspond exactly; be identical; to agree exactly, as in opinion; concur
coincidence n. chance occurrence; unforeseen event; occurrence of two or more events at the same time; condition of occupying the same place at the same time
collaborate v. to work together; to cooperate
collaboration n. working together; cooperation
collapse v. to fall down or inward suddenly; cave in; to break down suddenly in strength or health and thereby cease to function
collate v. to compare in a critical manner; to verify; to gather; to sort; to collect; to assemble; to compile
collateral adj. of secondary importance; insignificant; corresponding
collateral n. security deposit
colleague n. fellow worker; co-worker
collectible adj. payable; subject to or requiring payment especially as specified
collectible n. rare object
collection n. group of objects that are related to each other; selection; choice; assortment; accumulation
collide v. to crash; to meet head on; to come together with solid or direct impact
colloquial adj. conversational; not used in formal speaking or writing; informal
collusion n. A secret agreement between two or more parties for a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose
combination n. joining; union; an ordered sequence
combine n. harvesting machine
combine v. to unite; to join; to come together; to become one
come across v. to happen upon; to find by chance; to discover; to see
come along v. to accompany someone; to forward; to appear; to advance; to proceed; to succeed
comfort n. relief; consolation; coziness
comfort v. to bring relief; to encourage; to console
comfortable adj. easy; relaxing; cozy; financially well to do
comforting adj. consoling; encouraging; reassuring; brining relief; heartening
command n. order; direction; control; domination; headquarters
command v. to rule; to control; to be in charge; to be in authority; to demand
commemorate v. to honor the memory of with a ceremony; to serve as a memorial to
commensurate v. of the same size, extent, or duration as another; corresponding in size or degree; proportionate
comment n. remark; note; statement; explanation; explanatory note; response; reaction
comment v. to make a remark; to explain; to write an explanatory note
commentary n. series of remarks; explanation (often written in essay or book form)
commerce n. trade; business; transactions; exchange of products/services and money
commercial adj. pertaining to business; pertaining to buying and selling
commercial n. television or radio advertisement
commission n. percentage of profits earned by a salesperson; document that grants certain powers; authorization; group of people with authority
commission v. to contract; to order; to empower; to authorize; to confer; to rank
commit v. to perform; to do; to engage; to execute; to offer; to pledge (one's loyalty, etc.); to be obliged; to give; to entrust
commitment n. obligation; promise
committed adj. obligated; engaged; industrious; ambitious; loyal
committee n. a group of people officially delegated to perform a function, such as investigating, considering, reporting, or acting on a matter
commodity n. merchandise; goods; item that is bought and sold; something useful
commotion n. a condition of turbulent motion; an agitated disturbance
communication n. exchange of information or ideas; transfer; passing along; letter; message
commute v. to exchange; to replace; to convert; to travel back and forth regularly (i.e. to work)
commuter n. person who travels back and forth between home and work
comparable adj. admitting of comparison with another or others; similar or equivalent
comparatively adv. relatively
compare v. to show how (people or things) are alike or different; to consider to be similar
comparison n. pointing out of similarities and differences; similarity; likeness
compartment n. one of the parts or spaces into which an area is subdivided; a separate room, section, or chamber
compartmentalize v. to separate into sections; to partition
compatible adj. capable of existing together in harmony; congruous; able to be used with other machines without alternation; able to be used on or with other computers without being changed
compatible n. piece of equipment which can be used with other machines without alternation; device which can be used on or with other Computers without being changed
compel v. to force; to coerce; to influence; to impose; to demand
compendium n. a short, complete summary; an abstract; a list or collection of various items
compensate v. to reward; to reimburse; to pay back; to make up for
compensation n. repayment; something done to make up for (a loss, deficiency or fault)
compete v. to contest; to contend against another; to participate in a contest
competent adj. adept; capable; fit; suitably skilled; well qualified; experienced
competition n. rivalry; contest; act of competing against another
competitive adj. involving rivalry; tending to contest
托业考试综合辅导(3a)
C.C. abbr. secondary email address; copy of a document, message, or email that is sent to a third partyC.C.O.abbr. person who is responsible for ensuring that a company and its employees are in compliance with government regulations and internal policies
C.E.O.abbr. head manager of a corporation, company or large organization
C.F.O.abbr. treasurer; person who is responsible for all financial aspects of a company
C.O.D.abbr. cash payment to be made upon receipt of products or goods
C.O.O. abbr. head manager of a company or large organization
C.S.O. abbr. top executive rank; person who is responsible for the security of a company's communications and business systems
C.T.O.abbr. top executive rank; person who is responsible for research and development and possibly for new product plans
C.V.abbr. resume; chronological description of one's employment and educational history; biography
cab n. taxi; carriage; driver's compartment; extension for compressed files that are used by Microsoft Windows installation (set-up) programs
cabinet n. small room; piece of office furniture; office; group of ministers; part of a government
calculate v. to estimate; to compute (to add, to subtract, to divide etc.); to depend upon
calculator n. small machine that makes computations
calendar n. chart showing the months of a year (including days and weeks); schedule; timetable
calendar v. to write down in a timetable; to register
campaign n. series of activities organized to accomplish a goal such as in an advertising campaign
campaign v. to conduct a series of activities organized to accomplish a goal
cancel v. to call off; to repeal; to revoke; to annul; to terminate; to stop
cancellation n. nullification; termination; revocation
candid adj. honest; straightforward; open; frank
candidate n. applicant; nominee; examinee
canvass n. examination; careful inspection; debate
canvass v. to examine; to debate; to scrutinize; to solicit votes or opinions
capability n. ability; skill; trait; characteristic; quality; feature
capable adj. skilled; able; proficient; adept
capacity n. volume which can be contained or received; function; role; feature; potential
capital adj. main; major; chief; principal
capital n. property; financial means; assets; property; main city of a country of region (city where national or regional government is located, i.e.: London is the capital of the UK)
capitalization n. process of turning money into profit
capitalize v. to turn into money; to turn profit; to finance; to provide with capital; to write a word in capital (big) letters
capsize v. to overturn or cause to overturn
capture v. to copy; to photograph; to snapshot
career n. profession; development; progress; gradual growth
cargo n. freight; luggage; baggage; load
carpenter n. a person who makes things out of wood such as furniture
carpet n. rug; fabric floor covering
carpet v. to cover or to furnish with textile materials; to reprimand; to scold
carriage n. coach; buggy; railroad car; transportation; manner of carrying oneself
carrier n. person or company that ships things; aircraft carrier; shipping company; truck
carry out v. to put into practice; to accomplish; to perform; to conduct
carry v. to transport; to continue; to bear
cart n. car; wagon; coach; carriage; trolley
cart v. to drag or to carry by force; to carry or to convey in a cart
case n. occasion; instance; situation; matter; container; bag
cash n. money in the form of coins and bank notes
cash reserves n. bank deposits that are available on a short-term basis; treasury bills
cash v. to exchange a check (or another money order) for coins and bank notes; to redeem
cast n. throw; team of actors; squint (of the eye)
cast v. to throw; to project; to form; to shape; to mold; to choose actors, singers or entertainers (for a play, movie, show, music project, etc.)
catalog n. itemized list (the items on the list are usually described); index; directory
catalog v. to make an itemized list; to index; to classify
categorize v. to arrange in groups; to classify; to sort; to structure
category n. class; division; section; segment
cater v. to provide; to supply (food, etc.); to care for
catering n. business of supplying and servicing food (at parties and other events); company that offers food and beverage delivery
caution n. notice; warning; caveat; carefulness; premonition
caution v. to warn; to notify of danger
cautious adj. careful; wary; suspicious
caveat n. caution; warning; admonition; suspension of proceedings (law)
cement n. concrete; mortar; bonding agent; filling (for teeth)
cement v. to reinforce; to bind together; to strengthen a connection
ceremony n. rite; ritual; formality
certificate n. official document; license; reference; attestation
certificate v. to confirm; to license; to authorize
certify v. to confirm to be true; to authorize
cessation n. a bringing or coming to an end; a ceasing
chain n. group of stores, outlets, banks etc., under one management; series of metal rings which are linked together
chain v. to tie down
challenge n. difficult situation; invitation to engage in a contest; something which tests one's ability to handle difficult tasks
challenge v. to dare; to invite to engage in a contest; to stimulate; to test one's ability
changeable adj. arbitrary; fickle; flexible
character n. nature; disposition; attitude; figure; person; statement of qualities, features and abilities; letter of symbol (in Asian languages)
characteristic adj. typical; distinctive
characteristic n. trait; feature; ability; distinguishing quality; attribute
characterize v. to describe; to depict; to portray; to outline
charge n. price; cargo; responsibility
charge v. to entrust; to order; to command; to accuse; to fill with energy; to supply with power (i.e. a battery, accumulator, cell etc.)
chart n. graph; diagram
chart v. to make a graph; to draw; to diagram
check n. examination; money order; payment order; pausing; stopping; restaurant bill
chef n. professional cook; head cook in a restaurant of hotel
cheque n. written order directing a bank to pay a specific amount of money
chew v. to bite and grind with the teeth; masticate; to meditate on; ponder
chop n. cut of meat; seal; trademark; blow of an axe
chop v. to cut; to cut down; to cut into pieces; to mince
chore n. routine job; unpleasant task
circle n. ring-shaped geometric figure; round figure; group; society
circle v. to surround
托业考试综合辅导(2)
back up v. to support; to solidify; to strengthenbacklash n. rebound; recoiling; sudden movement to the rear
backup n. copying of data for safety purposes; substitute; reserve; spare
badge n. tag; sign; identification tag
baggage n. luggage; cargo; things to take on a trip; equipment
balance n. leveling; harmony; stability; rest; remainder
balance v. to make equal
bank draft n. check
banknote n. bill; money made of paper issued by a bank
bankrupt adj. lacking; deficient; insolvent; unable to pay debts
bankrupt n. a person who was unable to repay their debts
bankrupt v. to ruin financially; to go bust; to go broke; to collapse
bankruptcy n. state of losing property to one's creditor s due to unpaid debts; inability to pay debts; insolvency
banquet n. celebration; feast; dinner; drinking
banquet v. to hold a party; to feast; to dine; to drink; to attend a banquet
barely adv. hardly; scarcely
bargain n. good deal; agreement; item that has been bought at a specially low price
bargain v. to negotiate; to arrive at an agreement
barren capital n. money which is not generating profit
barrier n. border; limit; obstacle; barricade
barter n. exchanging of goods and services; trade
barter v. to exchange goods and services
base adj. low; despicable; ignoble
base n. foundation; principal element; fundament; fundamental part
base v. to establish; to found; to set up; to place on
basis n. foundation; grounding
bearer n. person who holds a money order
behalf n. representing; in support of
behavior n. manner of acting; conduct
benchmark n. criterion; measure; point of reference for comparison
beneficent adj. kind; good
beneficial adj. advantageous; pleasurable; enjoyable
beneficiary n. one that receives a benefit; the recipient of funds, property, or other benefits, as from an insurance policy or will
benefit n. advantage; profit; aid; stipend
benefit v. to profit; to gain; to be advantageous
beverage n. drink; refreshment
beyond adv. past; further than
beyondprep. further; more distant
bias n. prejudice; tendency; leaning
bias v. to prejudice; to influence opinions
bill n. bank note; invoice; proposed law
bill v. to charge; to announce; to advertise
birth rate n. number of babies that are born per year per thousand (in a given area, group, etc.)
blame n. guilt; responsibility; liability
blame v. to accuse; to denounce
blanket n. bed covering; quilt
blanket v. to cover; to coat
blouse n. a woman's or child's loosely fitting shirt that extends to the waist or slightly below; a loosely fitting garment resembling a long shirt, worn especially by European workmen
blunder n. gross error; stupid mistake
blunder v. to make a stupid mistake; to move back and forth in a clumsy manner; to move blindly; to grope
board n. management committee (i.e.: board of directors); printed board which connects to a slot in a computer; food
board v. to accommodate; to house; to enter (a plane, ship, bus, etc.)
boast n. the act or an instance of bragging; a source of pride
boast v. to glorify oneself in speech; talk in a self-admiring way
bond n. link; connection; obligation; grasp; certificate of debt
bond v. to store in a warehouse
bonded adj. secured in a warehouse
bonus n. dividend; perk; monetary gift
book v. to record; to order in advance; to inscribe; to indicate
bookcase n. shelves used to store books printed items
boom n. a time of economic prosperity; a sudden increase, as in popularity
boom v. to grow, develop, or progress rapidly; flourish
boost n. push; lift; incentive; encouragement; shove; raising
boost v. to raise; to push; to urge; to lift
border n. boundary; edge; limit
border v. to be adjacent to
bother n. effort; nuisance
bother v. to annoy; to harass; to worry; to make an effort; to be concerned
bothersome adj. annoying; irritating
bound adj. obligated; certain; fastened; tied
bound n. limit; border
bound v. to jump; to leap
brake n. device which is used to slow or stop a vehicle
brake v. to stop a vehicle; to slow down a vehicle
branch n. affiliate; office; industry; trade; business unit
branch v. to fork; to divide into parts or sections
brand n. product manufactured by a company and given a specific name or mark; trademark; type; make; variety
brand v. to mark with an iron; to disgrace; to condemn
breadth n. width; broadness
breadwinner n. one whose earnings are the primary source of support for one's dependents
break down v. to fail; to collapse; to defeat; to overthrow; to descend
break n. fracture; pause; rest; intermission; crack; opportunity; alteration
break v. to smash into pieces; to shatter; to crack; to be smashed into pieces; to be cut off; to force into; to stop; to cancel
breakdown n. collapse; crash; incident
breakthrough n. progress; reaching a new level; removal of a barrier; penetration
brief adj. short; concise
brief n. abstract; summary; concise report; instructions
brief v. to make a summary; to give a report; to inform; to instruct somebody
briefcase n. small container for documents; tool for synchronizing files between two computers
briefing n. short meeting; summarizing; giving and receiving instructions; reporting
broadcast n. transmission; dispatch; radio program
broadcast v. to transmit over the radio; to publicize; to advertise
brochure n. leaflet; booklet; printed product information
broker n. middleman; agent who buys and sells property or shares etc. for other people
broker v. to act as a middleman; to buy and to sell property for other people
brokered adj. negotiated by an intermediary; settled through a middleman
broth n. the water in which meat, fish, or vegetables have been boiled; stock; a thin, clear soup based on stock, to which rice, barley, meat, or vegetables may be added
browse v. to leaf through a book; to peruse a book; to surf Internet websites; to search the Internet for information; to read through websites
browser n. program used for viewing websites on the Internet
bruise n. an injury to underlying tissues or bone in which the skin is not broken, often characterized by ruptured blood vessels and discolorations; an injury, especially to one's feelings
bruise v. to injure the underlying soft tissue or bone of (part of the body) without breaking the skin, as by a blow; to hurt, especially psychologically
budge v. to move; to be moved
budget n. financial framework; financial plan
budget v. to prepare a financial plan; to make financial arrangements
bulk adj. relating to or designed for the mass of people; large-scale; widespread; popular
bulk n. volume; mass; main part; most
bulk transfer n. the sale of all or most of a company's inventory or assets to another company
bulk v. to inflate; to play an important role
bullion n. bars of gold; bars of silver
buoyant adj. floating; light; lively; cheerful
business n. company; enterprise; trade; commerce; matter; issue; question
butcher n. person who cuts meat; meat cutter; meat slaughterer; owner of a meat shop
button n. switch; icon to click on
button v. to fasten with buttons; to be fastened with buttons
托业考试综合辅导(1a)
allowance n. grant; pocket money; stipend; discount; acknowledgement; deduction; concessionallude v. to make an indirect reference
already adv. previously; before a certain time
alter v. to change; to modify; to be changed; to be modified
alternate adj. rotating; one after the other; interchanging
alternate v. to interchange; to take turns; to rotate; to substitute
alternative n. choice; option
altitude n. height; distance above sea level
altruistic adj. unselfish concern for the welfare of others; selflessness
ambiguity n. vagueness; lack of clarity
ambiguous adj. open to dispute; having many possible interpretations; obscure; vague
ambition n. aspiration; hope; goal; dream
ambitious adj. aspiring; desirous of success; requiring great effort
ambivalence n. state of having both positive and negative feelings towards a subject
amend v. to change; to alter; to improve; to improve oneself
amortization n. gradual payment of debt; the reduction of the value of an asset
amount n. quantity; sum
amount v. to come to a sum; to become; to total
ample adj. much; plenty; large; spacious
analysis n. process of breaking down a subject and studying it; examination
analyze v. to examine; to make an analysis; to break down into parts and study (as in a subject)
anchor n. newsreader; main broadcaster on a TV or radio program; heavy object placed in the water in order to hold boats in place; source of security or stability
anchor v. to attach firmly; to fasten tightly
angle n. point of view; perspective; space between two or more lines which are joined at a common point
angle v. to bend; to turn sharply in a different direction; to present from a prejudiced point of view
anniversary n. yearly date commemorating a special event; birthday
announcement n. declaration; notice; statement; the act of informing the public
annoy v. to bother; to trouble; to irritate; to disturb; to distress; to upset; to harass
annoying adj. bothersome; troublesome; worrisome; harassing
annual adj. occurring once a year; yearly
anticipate v. to expect; to predict; to assume
anticipation n. expectation; hope; intuition
anyhow adv. in some way; in any event; in any case
anyway adv. at any rate; in any event; in any way; anyhow
apartment n. flat; living area consisting of several rooms such as a bedroom, a kitchen, a bathroom, a hall, etc.
apologize v. to express regret; to say sorry
apology n. expression of regret or sorrow; excuse; defense; justification
appall v. to fill with consternation or dismay
apparatus n. device; system; machine; gadget; appliance
apparel n. clothing; garments; clothes; garb
apparel v. to dress; to adorn wear
apparent adj. evident; obvious
appeal n. request; plea; petition for a new trial or judgment
appeal v. to plead; to request; to petition for a new trial or judgment
appealing adj. begging; attractive; interesting
appear v. to come into view; to show up; to seem
appearance n. act of coming into view; impression; the way a person looks; image; semblance
appease v. to bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe; to satisfy or relieve; to pacify or attempt to pacify (an enemy) by granting concessions, often at the expense of principle
append v. to add as a supplement or appendix; to fix to; attach
appliance n. tool; gadget; device; apparatus
applicant n. person who requests (for a position, job, etc.); candidate; nominee
application n. computer program; act of officially requesting for a position, job, etc.; written request; formal letter; implementation
apply v. to make a request; to implement; to enforce; to realize; to put into practice; to embrace; to refer
appoint v. to nominate; to designate
appointment n. official date, meeting; interview; nomination
appreciate v. to esteem; to regard highly; to raise the value; to become more valuable
approach n. access; method; system; procedure
approach v. to appeal to; to turn to; to come near to; to tackle (a problem or situation); to solve (a problem or question)
approbation n. an expression of warm approval; praise; official approval
appropriate adj. suitable; fitting
appropriate v. to set aside; to allot, to adapt; to embrace; to accept
approval n. confirmation; endorsement; positive opinion
approve v. to agree; to concur; to confirm; to endorse
approximately adv. nearly; about; around; circa
apt adj. suitable; appropriate; able to learn quickly; intelligent; sophisticated; savvy; clever; capable
aptitude n. ability; skill; talent
arable adj. fit for cultivation, as by plowing
arbitrary adj. optional; uncertain; changeable; open; unrestricted
argue v. to dispute; to claim; to give reasons
argument n. dispute; claim; rationale; cause
arise v. to get up, as from a sitting or prone position; rise; to awaken and get up; to move upward; ascend; to come into being; originate; to result, issue, or proceed
arrange v. to organize; to settle; to structure; to establish; to set up; to order; to systematize
arrangement n. organization; order; selection; range; assortment
array n. display; layout; clothing; arrangement of data elements (in computing); menu
arrest n. detention; imprisonment
arrest v. to detain; to slow down; to capture; to imprison
arrival n. reaching a destination; appearance; incoming; opposite of departure; comeback
article n. item; object; piece of text; paragraph of a contract
articulate adj. speaking fluently; lucid; eloquent; expressed using clear and distinct words; able to speak
articulate v. to express in a fluent and clear manner
artificial adj. not genuine; simulated; unreal
artisan n. creator; craftsman; skilled workman
ASAPabbr. quickly; immediately; swiftly; speedily; fast
ascend v. to go or move upward; rise; to rise from a lower level or station; advance; to go back in time or upward in genealogical succession
ascertain v. to clarify; to verify; to confirm; to make sure; to strengthen; to reinforce; to underline; to emphasis
ascribe v. to attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; to assign as a quality or characteristic
aspect n. point of view; facet; appearance; outlook; direction; issue; point
assemble v. to gather together; to put together; to collect; to converge; to get together; to arrange; to meet
assembly n. meeting; conference; set; group of people; congregation
assent n. agreement; concurrence; acquiescence; consent
assent v. to agree, as to a proposal; concur
assess v. to estimate; to appraise; to gauge; to evaluate; to measure; to establish the level of something
assessment n. estimation; appraisal; measurement
asset n. something of value (property, equipment, goods, etc.); item of quality; something beneficial
assign v. to allot; to apportion; to give somebody a task or responsibility; to delegate; to appoint
assignment n. task; mission; duty; responsibility; role; obligation
assimilate v. to incorporate; to take in; to absorb
assist v. to aid; to help; to support; to guide; to direct
assistance n. aid; help, support; direction; upkeep
assistant adj. serving as an aide; helpful; supportive; auxiliary
assistant n. person who gives support to a superior; aide; helper
associate n. partner; fellow worker; co-worker; friend
associate v. to share company; to connect; to unite; to be a partner; to relate to; to link to; to make a connection between two things; to combine
association n. organization; society; union; coalition; foundation, connection of ideas; relation between facts
assort v. to classify; to group; to categorize; to systematize; to structure; to put in order
assortment n. variety; collection; selection; range; mixture
assume v. to suppose; to guess; to think; to surmise; to take on a position or duty; to adopt an idea; to accept an idea
assure v. to give confidence; to promise; to pledge; to ascertain; to encourage
asylum n. an institution for the care of people, especially those with physical or mental impairments, who require organized supervision or assistance; a place offering protection and safety; a shelter; the protection afforded by a sanctuary
attach v. to fasten; to link to; to add; to ascribe to; to connect to
attachment n. emotional link; emotional bond; connection; confiscation; court-ordered seizure of property or money; annexation; attached file; file that is sent along with an email message
attain v. to reach; to achieve; to fulfill; to realize (a goal, purpose, etc.)
attainment n. achievement; fulfillment; ability
attempt n. try; assay; test; trial
attempt v. to try to; to assay
attend v. to be present in a place; to care for; to serve; to accompany
attendance n. being physically present; act of accompanying or serving
attendant adj. present; opposite of absent; accompanying
attendant n. servant; steward; stewardess; person who serves others; person who accompanies others
attendee n. person who takes part in a particular event such as a conference or seminar; participant
attention n. concentration; consideration; focus; care; acknowledgement; recognition
attentive adj. concentrated; focused; observant; polite; caring
attentiveness n. awareness; concentration; ability to concentrate on an issue
attest v. to affirm to be correct, true, or genuine; to certify in an official capacity; to supply or be evidence of
attire n. dress; clothing; apparel
attire v. to dress; to put on clothes
attitude n. position; opinion; viewpoint; stance; way of thinking; outlook; perspective
attorney n. lawyer; barrister; advocate; a professional who represents clients in a court or advises them on legal matters
attribute n. quality; factor; characteristic; feature; adjective (grammar)
attribute v. to ascribe to; to link to; to associate with; to relate to
auction n. public sale where goods are sold to the highest bidder (eBay is a very popular auction site)
auction v. to sell something through a bidding system
audience n. group of people who gathered to see or hear a performance, a seminar, a talk, etc.; viewers; official meeting; interview
audio adj. pertaining to hearing and listening; sound
audit n. examination of financial accounts; internal investigation
audit v. to examine accounts and other financial records; to investigate; to look into accounts; to verify accounts
auditorium n. large room used for lectures; talks, performances and other events
augment v. to increase; to enlarge; to enhance; to multiply
authority n. official institution; agency; power; control; jurisdiction
authorize v. to permit; to approve; to empower
autograph n. a person's handwritten signature
autograph v. to write one's name by hand; to sign one's name
automobile n. car; vehicle; ride
avail n. advantage; profit; help; benefit
avail v. to be useful; to help; to facilitate
availability n. accessibility; attainability; obtainability
available adj. ready for use; attainable; present; valid
average adj. immediate; regular; common; usual; plain; simple; standard
average n. mean, median
average v. to have a mean of a certain amount
averse adj. having a feeling of opposition, distaste, or aversion; strongly disinclined
avoid v. to escape; to keep away from; to prevent; to keep from happening; to evade
award n. prize; grant; arbitration
award v. to give; to grant; to judge; to rule
awareness n. consciousness
awesome adj. impressive; inspiring; great; frightening
托业考试综合辅导(1)
abandon v. to cease trying to continue; desist from; desert; to surrender one's claim to, right to, or interest in; give up entirelyabate v. to reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; lessen; to deduct from an amount; subtract
abbreviation n. shortened form of a word or word combination
abduct v. to carry off by force; kidnap
abide v. to comply; to obey; to submit; to conform; to tolerate
abnormal adj. not typical, usual, or regular; not normal; deviant
aboard adv. on board a ship, train, aircraft, or other passenger vehicle; in or into a group, organization, or business
aboard prep.on board of; on; in
abolish v. to cancel; to revoke
abominable adj. unequivocally detestable; loathsome; thoroughly unpleasant or disagreeable
abound v. to be plentiful; to be filled with; to overflow with
abreast adv. side by side; in alignment; on top of; up-to-date; well-informed
abroad adv. in another country; outside; widely
absence n. failure to appear; state of being away; state of being not present; opposite of presence
absent adj. preoccupied; lost in thought
absolve v. to pronounce clear of guilt or blame; to relieve of a requirement or obligation
absorb v. to suck up; take up; take in
abstemious adj. eating and drinking in moderation; sparingly used or consumed; restricted to bare necessities
abstinent adj. self-restraining; not indulging an appetite especially for food or drink
abundant adj. plentiful; copious; profuse; full abounding with
abuse n. misuse; maltreatment; corrupt practice; foul language
abuse v. to misuse; to injure; to harm; to mistreat; to insult; to malign; to curse; to revile
accelerate v. to cause to move or happen faster; to hasten; to increase the speed of something; to speed something up
accelerator n. gas pedal of a motor vehicle; expansion card or other hardware item that speeds up computer operations such as the processing of graphics or floating-point calculations (Computers)
access n. approach; entry; permission to enter a computer system or network and/or retrieve data
access v. to gain entrance to; to get at
accessible adj. easily approached or entered; easily obtained; easy to talk to or get along with
accommodate v. to adapt oneself; to host guests; to provide lodging
accommodation n. housing; residence; lodging; arrangement; adjustment
accompany v. to go along with; to go together with; to join; to attach
accomplish v. to complete; to achieve; to attain; to perform
accomplishment n. fulfillment; realization; attainment; achievement
accord n. agreement; settlement; harmony
accord v. to match; to fit; to complement
accordance n. conformity; agreement; coordination; suitability
account n. business arrangement which allows use of something; formal business agreement in which a client is provided access to a computer system; report
account v. to explain; to give a report; to cause; to regard
accountant n. a person who keeps financial records; a person who conducts financial audits
accounting n. a system of recording and analyzing financial transactions; auditing; a detailed financial statement
accredit v. to certify; to recognize; to assign; to license
accrue v. to accumulate; to compile; to increase; to grow
accumulate v. to gather or pile up; amass
accuracy n. preciseness; exactness
acknowledge v. to admit the existence, reality, or truth of; to recognize as being valid or having force or power; to express thanks or gratitude for; to report the receipt of
acknowledgement n. the act of admitting or owning to something; recognition of another's existence, validity, authority, or right; an answer or response in return for something done; an expression of thanks or a token of appreciation
acquaint v. to make familiar; to present someone; to introduce someone
acquaintance n. person that you have met but do not know well; knowledge of something; familiarity
acquainted adj. familiar; close; intimate; informed; aware
acquire v. to buy; to obtain; to purchase; to attain
acquisition n. purchase; something that has been purchased or obtained
acronym n. a word which is formed from the first letters of several words; i.e.: TOEIC
adamant adj. unyielding; firm; hard; unbending
adamant n. something unyielding; something hard; stone similar to diamond
adapt v. to conform; to change; to make suitable; to match; to fit
adaptable adj. capable of adapting or of being adapted
addict n. one who is addicted, as to narcotics or a compulsive activity; a devoted adherent; a fan
addict v. to cause to become physiologically or psychologically dependent on a habit-forming substance; to occupy (oneself) with or involve (oneself) in something habitually or compulsively
addition n. act of joining one thing to another; basic mathematical operation; augmentation; supplement; something added; devotion to a certain habit; dependency
additive n. supplement
address v. to direct to; to speak to; to direct to a specific destination; to mark with an address (as in a letter or package); to refer to
adept adj. proficient; skilled; expert
adept n. person who is an expert; person who is skilled
adequate adj. sufficient; suitable; appropriate; proper
adhere v. to stick to; to cling to; to be devoted to (an idea, group, organization etc.)
adjacent adj. close to; next to; nearest in space or position
adjoin v. to be next to; be contiguous to; to attach
adjourn v. to postpone; to delay; to end a meeting; to move to another place
adjudicate v. to hear and settle (a case) by judicial procedure; to study and settle (a dispute or conflict)
adjust v. to modify; to adapt; to tune; to fit; to install; to arrange; to settle
adjustment n. adaptation; settlement of an insurance claim
administer v. to manage; to supervise; to implement; to execute; to supply; to dispense
administration n. management (of an office, project, etc.); execution of managerial duties; people in charge of directing or managing; supervisors; leadership
administrative adj. managerial; executive
admirable adj. worthy of adoration; impressive; wonderful; marvelous
admiration n. enchantment; affection; adoration
admission n. entrance; permission to enter; confession
admonish v. to warn; to scold; to reprove
ado n. commotion; flurry; excitement
adopt v. to form a relationship with another person (as in to take a child as one's own); to embrace (an idea, method, belief etc.)
adorn v. to decorate; to beautify
adroit adj. alert; clever; ingenious; skillful; adept
advance adj. beforehand
advance n. forward movement; progress; modernization; promotion; amount or payment of money given before it is due
advance v. to progress; to move forward; to promote; to propose; to suggest; to make a payment before it is due
advancement n. forward movement; progress; promotion
advantage n. benefit; profit; utility; avail
adventuresome adj. willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises
adverse adj. acting or serving to oppose; antagonistic; contrary to one's interests or welfare; harmful or unfavorable
adversely adv. unfavorably; in a manner that works against; for the worse; antagonistically
adversity n. misfortune; hardship; distress; suffering
advocate n. one that argues for a cause; a supporter or defender; one that pleads in another's behalf
advocate v. to speak, plead, or argue in favor of
affable adj. easy and pleasant to speak to; gentle and gracious
affect v. to influence; to move someone; to act as if; to pretend; to have a certain disposition towards something; to have an affinity for something/somebody
affiliate n. partner company; distributor
affiliate v. to join with; to connect to; to become attached to
affiliation n. connection; attachment
affinity n. attraction; closeness; liking; likeness
affluent adj. generously supplied with money, property, or possessions; prosperous or rich; plentiful; abundant
afford v. to be able to pay for; to be able to do without difficulty; to supply; to provide; to give to oneself or to another
agency n. office; bureau; institution; franchise; method
agenda n. schedule; outline of things to be done
agent n. person who is authorized to perform a certain action; representative; factor; cause
aggregate adj. collective; total; taking all units as a whole
aggregate n. combination; conjunction; group; mixture
aggregate v. to accumulate; to gather; to collect; to assemble
aggression n. the act of initiating hostilities or invasion; hostile or destructive behavior or actions
airways n. route through traveled by vehicles above ground level
aisle n. passage; walkway (between rows of seats)
alert adj. ready; attentive; quick; agile
alert n. warning; alarm; attitude of readiness
alert v. to warn; to put on standby; to alarm
alienate v. to cause to become unfriendly or hostile; estrange; to cause to become withdrawn or unresponsive; isolate or dissociate emotionally
allay v. to relieve; to calm; to alleviate pain; to alleviate fear
allergicadj. of, characterized by, or caused by an allergy; having an allergy
allergy n. an abnormally high sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms
alleviate v. to allay; to soothe; to relieve; to moderate; to soften; to lessen; to diminish
alliance n. pact; treaty; connection; relationship
allot v. to give out; to distribute; to ration; to set aside for a special purpose
allotment n. the act of allotting; something allotted
考试指导之托业(TOEIC)阅读要拿下单词和句子
阅读是托业(TOEIC)考试一大难点，很多考生在阅读上失手。其主要存在以下几个难点：单词、句子阅读、阅读速度和考生主观臆断。针对这些问题本人谈谈自己的备考经验。一、单词：准备单词卡片，循环背诵
一般托业阅读中涉及词汇量比较大，考生至少具备4000左右词汇量。单词贫乏的考生，一定要及时补充词汇，打下扎实的基础。在应试时很容易遗忘或混淆单词的意义，为了避免类似情况发生，一定要加强单词意义的理解。对此，考生可以制作单词卡片，正反面各写英文和中文解释。制订计划每天背一定量的生词，循环背诵并不断补充。当然，最有效的是阅读文章时记忆单词。
二、句子：参考上下文，分析主谓结构
在句子理解方面，考生最容易犯的错误就是根据自己已有经验片面理解。在阅读中有的题目考的是对于文章中某一句子的理解，要参考上下文客观地看问题。考生应对一些复合句，尤其是双重否定句、比较句、指代句等有较深了解。特别在遇到复杂句时，应静心思考，从把握句子主干一一主谓结构着手来分析解剖句子结构。
三、阅读扫描全文，做出标记
在阅读考试中要追求速度(speed)与准确度(accuracy)的完美结合。快而不准或准而太慢都会影响考分。考生在勤奋练习的时候掌握一些阅读技巧将达到事半功倍的效果。快速阅读最关键的是在扫描全文的时候把握每段的主旨，并做出标记，在看完全文后对文章的结构主题有大致的了解。此外，考生以单词为单位看文章，遇生词就停顿等坏习惯都要极力避免
页:
[1]
2