5. Keep Paper Handy for Notes and Questions 5.备好本子记录要点和疑问
Students should read a chapter with paper and pen in hand. They can then take notes, write down questions they think of, and create a vocabulary list of all the highlighted words in the chapter along with any unfamiliar terms that they need to define.
阅读时,学生应备好纸笔,以便记下要点和思考的问题。还可以列出本章节的重点单词以及任何需要定义的不熟悉的术语。
6. Learn to Cluster Words 6.学习聚类词汇
Clustering is a skill that increases reading comprehension by having students learn to read groups of words that form phrases or fit together semantically into one cluster.
聚类,是一种通过让学生学习阅读构成短语的单词组或在语义上合并到一个聚类的方式来增强个人阅读理解能力的技能。
7. Use Graphic Organizers as You Read 7.阅读时运用图表
Some students find that graphic organizers like webs and concept maps can greatly enhance reading comprehension. These allow students to identify areas of focus and main ideas in a reading. 一些学生认为,使用诸如网络和概念地图的图表能够大大提升自己的阅读理解能力。这些图表便于学生在阅读过程中找到需要关注的重点和主要思想。
8. Practice PQ4R 8.练习PQ4R阅读法
This consists of six steps: Preview, Question, Read, Reflect, Recite, and Review. Preview has students scan the material to get an overview. Question means that students should ask themselves questions as they read. The four R's have students read the material, reflect on what has just been read, recite the major points to yourself, and then finally go back over the material and see if you can answer the questions you previously asked.
该方法包含六个步骤:预览、提问、阅读、思考、背诵、回顾。预览要求学生浏览材料,对相关材料产生整体的认知。提问是指学生在阅读时应提出问题。四个R分别要求学生阅读材料、思考刚刚读过的内容、记忆要点、最终回归材料,检验自己能否回答之前所提的问题。
9. Stop and Summarize 9.暂停阅读并总结
As students read, have them periodically stop their reading and summarize what they have just read. This will aid in their understanding of the material being covered.
定期要求学生暂停阅读,总结已读内容。这么做有利于深化学生对已读内容的理解。
10. Write Questions about the Material 10.写出与材料相关的检测题
After students have read a passage, have them go back and write questions that could be included in a quiz or test on the material. This will require them to look at the information in a different manner. 要求学生读毕后回归材料,并写出与材料相关的检测题。这意味着学生将以不同的方式阅读信息。
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