专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(38)a 四级, 语法, 词汇, 专业, 解答

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近义词辨析
repair, mend, fix, remedy
这组词都有“修理”的意思。
repair
意为“修理，修复”，指修理已破旧或损坏的东西，使其恢复原有的良好状况。此外，repair还可引申为“纠正，弥补，治愈”。
mend
意为“修理，修补”，是普通用语，仅指修补磨损的、破裂的、撕毁的小东西，很少用于大件物品。该词可引申为“改善，弥补，恢复健康”。
fix
意为“修理，修复”，和repair同义，两者经常换用，fix常用于美国英语中，口语色彩较浓。
remedy
意为“补救，弥补”，指对已经出现的过失及不满意的现状采取弥补措施，加以补救。
He doesn’t know how to repair the error.他不知道怎样弥补这个过失。
It’s never too late to mend.改过不嫌迟。
He tried to fix the leaking tap.他试图修漏水的水龙头。
Your faults of pronunciation can be remedied.你的发音毛病是可以矫正的。
adequate, enough, sufficient
这组词均含有“足够”的意思。
adequate
强调符合一个客观要求或标准，这个要求或标准可能不太高或不太严格。
enough
侧重份量和数量的足够。是三个词中最普通的。
sufficient
一般用于正式书面语中，且只能放在所修饰的名词前。
如：
His income is not adequate to his family’s needs.他的收入满足不了家庭需求。
Do we have enough time for a drink?我们有没有足够的时间喝点什么?
The rain is not sufficient to do any harm.这场雨不足为害。

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全真模拟试题

1. Very few scientists ____ completely new answers to the world’s problems.

A. come up with B come out

C. come round D. come up to

2. We are writing to the manager ____ the repairs recently carried out at the above address.

A. with the exception of 

B. with the purpose of 

C. with reference to 

D. with a view to

3. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ____how great their achievements are.

A. in spite of B. in ways ofC. in favor ofD. in terms of

4. All individuals are required to ____ to the laws made by their governments.

A. obeyB. conformC. concedeD. observe

5. The United States is trying to ____ the serious problems created by the energy crisis.

A. put up with B. submit to

C. comply withD. cope with

6. The joys of travel, having long ____ the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.

A. omittedB. missedC. neglectedD. discarded

7. Most people who travel in the course of their work are given travelling ____.

A. incomeB. allowancesC. wagesD. pay

8. Some people ____ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.

A. violently B. enthusiastically

C. sincerelyD. deliberately

9. I was always taught that it was____to interrupt.

A. rudeB. coarseC. roughD. crude

10. It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be ____ by insects.

A. broken inB. run overC. taken overD. filled in

11. His intelligence and experience will enable him to ____the complicated situation.

A. cope with B. settle down

C. intervene in D. interfere with

12. I am sure I can ____ him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.

A. speakB. sayC. talkD. tell

13. There is no easy solution to Japan’s labor ____.

A. declineB. vacancyC. rarityD. shortage

14. Just as a book is often judged ____ by the quality and appearance of its cover, a person is judged immediately by his appearance.

A. previouslyB. uniquelyC. outwardlyD. initially

15. Frankly speaking, your article is very goodexcept for some ____ mistakes in grammar.

A. trivialB. obscureC. rareD. glaring

16. Advanced computer technology has ____ an answer to accurate weather forecasting.

A. set upB. come up with 

C. filled in D. faced up to

17. Both parties promised to ____ the contract to besigned the following day.

A. keep withB. tangle withC. adhere toD. devote to

18. The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to ____the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.

A. decreaseB. subtractC. minimizeD. degrade

19. Every society has its own peculiar customs and____of acting.

A. waysB. behaviorC. attitudesD. means

20. All the parts of these washing machines are ____, so that it is very convenient to replace them.

A. normalizedB. modernized 

C. mechanizedD. standardized

21. There was once an ____ idea that the earth was flat and motionless.

A. eternalB. offensiveC. absurdD. intrinsic

22. When they had finished playing, the children were made to ____all the toys they had taken out.

A. put offB. put outC. put upD. put away

23. A complete investigation into the cause of the accident should lead to improved standards and should ____ new operating procedures.

A. result in B. match with

C. subject to D. proceed with

24. The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be ____by this device.

A. lightedB. inspiredC. firedD. ignited

25. Stop shouting! I can’t hear the football ____.

A. explanationB. interpretation 

C. judgement D. commentary

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试题答案与解析

1. A)【句意】没有几位科学家能对世界性的问题提出全新的答案。

【难点】come up with意为“提出”；come out意为“结果是”；come round意为“来，前来”；come up to意为“达到，比得上”。

2. C)【句意】我们正给经理写信，内容是关于近期在上述地点进行修理的事。

【难点】with reference to意为“有关，关于”；with the exception of意为“除…之外”；with the purpose of意为“目的是”； with a view to意为“目的是，为了(后跟动名词)”。

3. D)【句意】人们往往从成就的大小来评价某些科学家和工程师。

【难点】in terms of意为“就…而言”；in spite of意为“尽管”；infavor of意为“赞成，支持”；in ways of无此搭配。

4. B)【句意】要求每个人都遵守政府制定的法律。

【难点】conform意为“遵守”，后接to；obey亦有“遵守”的意思，却无obey to的搭配；concede to sb.意为“向某人让步”；observe意为“遵守”时，为及物动词，不与to搭配。

5. D)【句意】美国正努力去应付由于能源危机而产生的严重问题。

【难点】cope with意为“应付”；put up with意为“忍受，容忍”； submit to意为“服从，屈从”；comply with意为“照…办”。

6. C)【句意】旅游业长期以来不重视残疾人，而现在只要有条件，几乎每个人都可以享受旅游的乐趣。

【难点】neglect意为“忽视”；omit意为“省略，忽略(正式用语)”；miss意为“免去，漏掉(非正式用语)；discard意为“丢弃，抛弃”。

7. B)【句意】大多数因公出差的人都发给差旅费。

【难点】allowances意为“差旅费”；income意为“收入”；wage意为“工资(常作复数，指按照合同，根据其劳动或所提供的服务，按小时，天数，每周或计量付给工资)”；pay“工资，薪金(泛指劳动所得的报酬)”。

8. D)【句意】有些人对待大是大非问题要么有意回避，要么保持中立。

【难点】deliberately意为“故意地”；violently意为“猛烈地”；enthusiastically意为“热情地”；sincerely意为“真诚地”。

9. A)【句意】过去人们总是这样教导我，插话是不礼貌的。

【难点】rude意为“无礼的，粗鲁的”。其余三个词都有“粗鲁的”之意，用于说明某人的举止或言谈，可互用。如果要说明做某事不礼貌，特别是在“It is+形容词+不定式”结构中，常用rude。

10. C)【句意】许多科学幻想故事都有一个常见的主题：地球有朝一日要被昆虫接管。

【难点】take over意为“接收，接管”;break in/into意为“强行进入”;run over意为“在…上驶过，辗过”;fill in意为“填空，填满”。

11. A)【句意】他的才智经验使他能够应付复杂局面。

【难点】cope with意为“应付”;settle down意为“安居，专心于”;intervene in意为“介入，干涉”;interfere with意为“干涉，妨碍”。

12. C)【句意】我肯定能说服他同意我们去旅馆过夜。

【难点】talk (sb into doing)意为“说服(某人做某事)”;speak意为“说话、谈话(着重说话的能力)”;say意为“讲，说(着重所说内容)。”;tell意为“告诉(着重提供情况)”。

13. D)【句意】很难解决日本劳动力短缺的问题。

【难点】shortage意为“短缺”;vacancy意为“空缺(指职位或位置空着)”;decline意为“下降,减少”;rarity意为“稀罕，稀有”。

14. C)【句意】就像凭外在质量和封面来判断一本书如何一样，对人的判断一看外表就知道了。

【难点】outwardly意为“从外表”;previously意为“以前”;uniquely意为“惟一地”;initially意为“最初”。

15. A)【句意】坦率地说，你的文章写得很好，只不过语法上有几处小错误。

【难点】trivial意为“琐碎的，微不足道的”;obscure意为“模糊的，不出名的”;rare意为“稀有的，难得的”;glaring意为“耀眼的，闪光的”。

16. B)【句意】先进的计算机技术为精确进行天气预报提供了方法。

【难点】come up with意为“想出”;set up意为“开办，创立”;fill in意为“填写(表格等)，填满”;face up to意为“勇敢面对”。

17. C)【句意】双方答应信守第二天将签署的合同。

【难点】adhere to意为“坚持”;keep with无此搭配;tangle with意为“与某人吵架，与某事有瓜葛”;devote to意为“献身于，为…奉献”。

18. C)【句意】这场大火造成了巨大损失，但厂方却说，损失没有报道得那么严重，竭力低估大火造成的后果。

【难点】minimize意为“缩小，减少”;decrease意为“减少，(有“逐渐减少”的意思，可指数量、质量、尺寸、强度或重要性等方面的减少或减小)”;subtract意为“减去”;degrade意为“(地位身份等)下降，堕落”。

19. A)【句意】每个社会都有其独特的风俗习惯和行为方式。

【难点】way意为“方式，方法”;behaviour意为“举止，行为”;attitude意为“态度，看法”;means意为“方法(该词义侧重于“具体的手段或办法”)。”

20. D)【句意】这些洗衣机的零件全部实行了统一标准，这样更换起来非常便利。

【难点】standardize意为“使标准化”;normalize意为“使正常化”;modernize意为“使现代化”;mechanize意为“使机械化”。
21. C)【句意】以前曾有种荒谬的看法，认为地球是平的，而且是静止不动的。

【难点】absurd意为“荒唐的”；eternal意为“永恒的，永久的”；offensive意为“冒犯的，无礼的”；intrinsic意为“固有的，内在的”。

22. D)【句意】孩子们玩过玩具后，便要他们把拿出来的玩具都收好。

【难点】put away意为“收藏好”；put off意为“推迟”；put out意为“熄灭；put up意为“建造”。

23. A)【句意】对事故原因进行全面调查可提高标准，并引入新的操作程序。

【难点】result in意为“导致”；match with意为“与…相配”；subject to意为“征服，经历或遭受”；proceed with意为“开始或继续”。

24. D)【句意】洲际导弹的燃料想必是由这个装置点燃的。

【难点】ignite意为“点火”，指用机械装置点火；light意为“点燃(一般用语，常指为一定目的使…燃烧或点着某物)”；inspire意为“吸入，鼓舞”；fire意为“点燃，着火”。

25. D)【句意】别大声嚷嚷了!足球赛的解说我都听不见了。

【难点】commentary意为“解说，评论”，尤用于体育比赛；explanation意为“解释”；interpretation意为“解释，翻译(解释时，对象多为梦，诗歌或抽象艺术等。解释人需要有专业知识和丰富的想象力)”。judgement意为“判断(力)”。