长途漫漫，长期求助！（计算机Linux学习翻译） Linux, 计算机, 翻译, 求助, 学习

tqw4321p

最近我在学习一本书叫"understanding the Linux kernel".
我刚看到开头．有很多我看不明白．弄不清句子结构．还请版主和各位朋友多多帮我！
我们把我看的贴上来．还请大家帮我改进错误．翻译得准确一些，更专业一些．

１.4 Basic Operating System Concepts

     Any computer system includes a basic sef of programs called the  operating system.
    The most important program in the set is called the kernel.
    It is loaded into RAM
                               when the system boots and contains many critical procedures
                                that are   needed for the system to operate.
   The other programs are less crucial utilities;(less crucial utilities怎么翻译才好）
　they can provide a wide variety of interactive experiences for the user(interactive experiences 怎么翻译才好呢?)
    ----as well as doing all jobs the user bought the computer for
   -----but the essential shape and capabilities of the system are determined by the kernel.(essential shape and capabilities怎么翻译才好呢?)
  The kernel,then,is where we fix our attention in this book. (then这个词翻译成"因此")
  Hence, we'll often use the term"operating system" as a synonym for "kernel"
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(帮我改进一下吧)
1.4 基本的操作系统概概念
任何计算机系统都包含一个被叫做操作系统的程序集合。
这个程序集合中最重要的程序叫做内核。
当系统启动时它被装进RAM中，它包含许多系统运作所需要的关键的过程。The other programs are less crucial utilities;它们为用户提供各种不同的交互经验以及做一些用户买计算机想要做的工作，但是系统的关键性能和shape是由内核决定的。因此在这本书，我们把注意力集中在内核上。因此，我们经常用操作系统这个术语作为内核的同意词。
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The operating system must fulfill two main objectivesfulfill two main objectives怎能么翻译才好呢)
     ．Interact with the hardware components servicing all low-level programmable elements
                included in the hardware   platform.
    ．Provide an execution environment to the applications that run on the computer system(the so-called user programs)

  Some operating systems allow all user programs to directly play with the hardware components (a typical example is MS---Dos).
In contrast ,a Unix-Like operating system hides all low-level details concerning the physical organization of the  computer from applications run by the user .
When a program wants to make use of a hardware resource,it must issue a request to the operating system.
The kernel evaluates the request and, if it chooses to grant the resource, interacts with the relative hardware components on
      behalf of user program.
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操作系统必须具备两个主要的客观事实：

>> 与硬件交互，提供所有低级的可编程的元素，包括硬件平台

>>提供运行在计算机系统上的运行环境。
有些操作系统允许用户直接跟硬件操作。（典型的如ms-dos）。与此相反的，一个类unix操作系统对用户运行的应用程序，隐藏了所有与计算机物理组织相关的细节。当一个程序想使用硬件资源时，它必须向操作系统发出请求。内核评估请求，如果系统同意请求，它就会与相关的硬件响应用户程序要求的行为.

DZ

我也参加.以下只是我的个人意见哈 :P

when the system boots  这里的boot是"启动"的意思吗?

The other programs are less crucial utilities. 其他的程序则没有如此重要的效用.

a wide variety of interactive experiences  各种各样的交互式体验.

shape不清楚,then应该是"那么".
The kernel,then,is where we fix our attention in this book.那么,内核,就是我们这本书要讲的内容.

The operating system must fulfill two main objectives.操作系统必须达到两个主要的目的

tqw4321p

Thank you for your help!
The kernel,then,is where we fix our attention in this book.那么,内核,就是我们这本书要讲的内容.
The operating system must fulfill two main objectives.操作系统必须达到两个主要的目的
这两句对我来说,实在是太好了!

DZ

shangxiaoyikai

都很厉害啊，看来我也得努力学英语了！！！

aa_for_short

I suggest you find a Chinese-translated version to learn, I think that will not only make you familiar with lunix but also improve your English, thanks!