跟我学新概念：第二册 Lesson 10 Not for jazz 受害人, people, Welcome, jazz, 翻译

白天羽

【上期作业回顾】
翻译以下三个句子。
1 欢迎来到我们学校。
→Welcome to our school.
2 一大群人聚集在广场上。
→A large crowd of people gathered on the square.
3 那些歹徒打伤了受害人。
→The gangsters struck the victim.


翻译：

我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。

白天羽

单词讲解：
1、jazz [dʒæz] n.爵士音乐
classical music 古典音乐    folk music民族音乐   
folk [fəuk] n. 民族；人们；亲属（复数）adj. 民间的
country music乡村音乐    pop(popular) music流行音乐
play jazz演奏爵士音乐  We tried to play jazz on the piano.
rock and roll摇滚乐    rap拉普乐（说唱音乐）
2、musical adj.音乐的    music n.音乐  a piece of music一首音乐
concert [kən'sə:t, 'kɔnsə:t] 音乐会    musician [mju:'ziʃən] n.音乐家
a music lesson 一节音乐课    a music teacher一位音乐老师
a mucis lover一位音乐爱好者   face the music面对失败；面对不愿面对而又不得不面对之事
a musical instrument一件乐器   a musical performance一场音乐演奏
a musical score乐谱   musical voice美妙的声音
3、instrument ['instrumənt, 'instrə-, -ment]  n.
1）器具，仪器  
torture instrument刑具  torture ['tɔ:tʃə] vt. 折磨；拷问；歪曲  n. 折磨；拷问；歪曲
operation instrument手术器械
2）乐器  musical instrument
What kind of musical instrument can you play?  I can play the guitar/piano/violin/saxophone
guitar [ɡi'tɑ:] 吉他         piano [pi'ænəu, pi'ɑ:-]  钢琴   
violin [,vaiə'lin] 小提琴    saxophone ['sæksəfəun]  [音]萨克斯管
instrument中的-ment是名词后缀，例如：movement; governmenr; judgement; argument。
4、clavichord ['klævikɔ:d]  n.古钢琴
5、recently  adv.最近地   lately adv.最近地   
这两个词常用在现在完成时以及过去时中。
Recently it was damaged by a visitor.   
They have recently bought a new car.
Have you seen him recently?
recent adj. 最近的，最新的
In recent years, there have been great changes.
What is the most recent news?    The photograph seemed quite recent.
比较级和最高级：more recent; most recent

白天羽

关键句型：被动语态
1、构成：由系动词be + 过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。
一般现在时：People make history.
被动语态：History is made by the people. 注意过去分词的不规则变化
一般过去时：They completed the building last year.
被动语态：When was the building completed?
一般将来时：They won’t allow you to take so much luggage with you.
被动语态：You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you.
现在进行时：They are building a new railway.
被动语态：A railway is being built.
过去进行时：They were widening the roads.  
widen ['waidən] vt. 放宽vi. 变宽
被动语态：The roads were being widened.
现在完成时：They have redesigned the aircraft.
被动语态：The aircraft has been redesigned.
过去完成时：The factory had reduced production costs.
被动语态： Production costs had been greatly reduced.
2、被动语态与主动语态的区分：
主动语态：施动者 + 谓语 + 受动者

白天羽

课文讲解：
We have an old musical instrument.  
have 有，拥有  We have many friends.  当have作“有，拥有”时讲，无被动时态和进行时态。have 是一个非常活跃的词，有很多含义。
have breakfast   have a fever发烧   have a good time   have a headache头疼   have a running nose流鼻涕   have a swollen face脸浮肿swollen ['swəulən] adj. 肿胀的，浮肿的；浮夸的；激动兴奋的
have sth done由别人做某事   
have something to do with和---有关系
have nothing to do with与---没有关系   
have anything to do with与---有任何关联   
have to do sth不得不做某事
It is called a clavichord.  被动语态变为主动语态：We called it a clavichord.
It was made in Germany in 1681.   
be made in + 地点，表示产地；+ 时间，表示制作于某时
be made of (a material) 由---所组成（表示仍能看出原材料）
The tea pot is made of silver.

白天羽

文难点：make和双重所有格
be made in 表示制造于某地或某时   be made of 表示能看出原材料
be made from 表示看不出原材料     be made by 表示被谁制造
be made for 表示为谁制造
1、Is your watch made   of    watch?
2、These knives were made   in    Sheffield.
Sheffield ['ʃefi:ld] n. 谢菲尔德（英国城市）

白天羽

本文题库：
1、We are not allowed to touch it. We         touch it.
A. mustn’t   B. mustn’t to   C. haven’t to   D. don’t have to

2、The visitor damaged it. She       it.
A. hurt   B. pained   C. broke   D. destroyed

3、Recently it was damaged. She damaged it       .
A. late   B. lastly   C. lately   D. finally   

4、You have to pass the professional examinations to be        to the society.
A. allowed   B. permitted   C. admitted   D. submitted

白天羽

补充内容：量词
1、a layer of 一层     layer ['leiə] n. 层
He wrapped each component on several layers of foam rubber.每个部件他都用几层泡沫橡胶包了起来。

白天羽

白天羽

【课后作业】
翻译以下三个句子。
1 杰克被老师表扬了。
2 这个农场属于我家。
3 妹妹的一个同学很擅长弹钢琴。

AllenHL

杰克被老师表扬了。
Jack was praised by the teacher .

AllenHL

这个农场属于我家。
The farm belongs to my family .

AllenHL

妹妹的一个同学很擅长弹钢琴。
One of sister's a classmate is very good at playing the piano.

raindrop88

杰克被老师表扬了 Jack was praised by the teacher.

raindrop88

这个农场属于我家This farm has belonged to my family.

raindrop88

妹妹的一个同学很擅长弹钢琴A classmate of my sister's does well in playing the piano.