专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(15)a 四级, 语法, 词汇, 专业, 解答

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Test Fifteen
名词性分句中的虚拟语气
虚拟式常用于出现在wish, would rather, suppose, imagine之后的that分句中，表示一种臆想的(通常是不可能发生的)情况。例如：
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I’d rather I were not at the site of the accident.
在“It’s time + that分句”结构中，that分句中应使用一般过去时。例如：
It’s time that I went.
在If I were you 这一分句中，were不能换成was,应当特殊对待。例如：
Were I to do it (If I were to do it), I should rely on you.
近义词辨析
surprise, amaze, astonish, astound
这组词均含有“使人惊奇、惊异”的意思。
surprise
指因出乎意料的、突然的事或前所未有的人或特殊的事而感到惊讶。
It doesn’t surprise me that his parents did not allow himto marry beneath him.他的父母不允许他同地位比他低的女子结婚，这并不使我感到惊讶。
amaze
强调对意外的事感到迷惑，或表示惊叹之情。
He’s amazed that she should get promoted over his head.他对她得以迈过他而提升感到惊异。
astonish
指对很不平常的事大为吃惊，难以置信。
It astonished him that his son had been caught cheating in the exams.他的儿子考试作弊被抓住了，这使他大为吃惊。
astound
强调完全出乎意料，用以往经验知识无法解释，其惊讶程度很强。
The enormous changes in the quality of life of the inhabitants astounded us.城镇居民生活质量的巨大变化令我们惊愕。

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试题答案与解析

1. B)【句意】家中的每个人都欺侮她，叫她做所有的家务，她真是个灰姑娘。

【难点】Cinderella源于童话《灰姑娘》,现已成为专有名词。

2． C)【句意】空气对于我们来说就像水对于鱼一样。

【难点】固定句型A is to B what C is to D.

3． A)【句意】无论问题多么麻烦，他都耐心地去面对。

【难点】however=no matter how, 意为“不管…”。

4． D)【句意】彼得非常生气，并说他很讨厌他们说话。

【难点】sb be tired of doing sth意为“某人厌倦做某事”。

5． D)【句意】若天气允许的话，野餐将如期进行。

【难点】“Weather permitting”作为独立结构，意为“如果天气允许的话”，也可以用“if weather permits”。

6． B)【句意】我们很遗憾地通知你，你的订单已经过期。

【难点】“We regret to inform you”意为“我们很遗憾地通知你”。

7． D)【句意】既然你是个大学老师，你大概不得不在七、八月份休假。

【难点】now that=since, 意为“既然”。

8． A)【句意】他没有理由卷入这件事情。

【难点】getting为get的现在分词形式，与mixed up构成现在分词短语，修饰business，作定语。

9． B)【句意】每个人都要遵守规则，主任也不例外。

【难点】but=except,not but意为“不除……之外”。

10． A)【句意】岩石的纹理结构被描述为“像糖”。

【难点】be described as 意为“被形容为”。

11． A)【句意】儿童饿死这一话题太无情，不该拿来开玩笑。

【难点】grim意为“无情的，冷酷的，可怕的”；grief是名词，意为“悲伤，悲痛”；shrewd意为“机灵的，精明的”；snobbish意为“势力的，媚上欺下的”。

12． C)【句意】我们不能对这些反对意见不予理睬。

【难点】shrug off 意为“对…满不在乎，对…不屑一顾”；ward off意为“避开，挡开，避免”；lay off 意为“停止打扰；不理会；戒绝”；shake off 意为“抖落，摆脱”。

13． D)【句意】孩子们常在错误的时间说错话，这一点众所周知。

【难点】notorious意为“坏方面闻名的，臭名昭著的”，后接介词for；naughty 意为“顽皮的，淘气的；plain意为“明白的，清楚的”；versatile意为“多才多艺的，有多方面才能的”。

14． D)【句意】咱们把鸟从笼子里放了吧。

【难点】free意为“使自由；释放”，常与from连用；liberate意为“释放”；put不能和from连用；set后面接from的时候还要加free，即set free from.

15． C)【句意】她认为入室偷盗是侵犯家宅的行为。

【难点】violation意为“侵犯（行为），妨碍（行为）；invasion意为“侵犯，侵害”，尤其隐私和个人权力；suppression 意为“压制，镇压”；theft意为“偷窃，失窃”。

16． D)【句意】我今天下午打了电话，但没有人接。

【难点】answer the telephone意为“接电话”，是习惯用法。reply是“回答，答复”，后接介词to；respond意为“应答”，后面也接介词to;return意为“返还”。

17． D)【句意】我那篇有关动物交际的论文的参考书目中包括一本关于鲸语言的书。

【难点】bibliography意为“书目；作品目录”；biography意为“传记”；preface意为“序言，前言，开场白”；introduction 意为“导言，开场白”。

18． B)【句意】许多专家提倡低蛋白、高碳水化合物的饮食。

【难点】advocate意为“拥护；主张；提倡”;prompt 意为“促使；激励；鼓舞”；inherent是形容词，意为“内在的，固有的，本来就有的”；claim意为“声称；认领；自称”。

19． C)【句意】医疗中心的年度费用是包括一切的，含所有检查和服务费用。

【难点】inclusive意为“包含一切的”；indicative意为“暗示的，暗指的”，后接介词of;indefinite意为“不明确的，含糊的，不清楚的”；integral意为“构成整体所必需的；固有的”。

20． D)【句意】多米尼克是班上最勤奋的学生。

【难点】industrious意为“勤劳的，勤奋的”；individual意为“独特的；个人的”；industrial 意为“工业上的；工业用的”；indulgent意为“宽容的”。

21． C)【句意】摩根先生渐渐地了解了这个科目。

【难点】acquire 意为“（尤指通过努力)取得，获得，写到”，acquirea knowledge of 意为“获得…的知识”；attain意为“达到，获得”；require意为“需要”；enquire 意为“查问，查究”，后接介词into。

22． A)【句意】虽然蒸汽机车的使用已过了它的全盛期，但其传统犹存。

【难点】prime意为“全盛期；最好的时期”；era意为“时代；(某一重要历史事件的）年代”；epoch意为“(有重大发展或特别事情的）重要时期”；date意为“日期”。

23． B)【句意】他刚才说的话与正在讨论的问题毫无关系。

【难点】under discussion是习惯搭配，意为“正在讨论之中的”，其它三个介词和discussion不是固定搭配。

24． A)【句意】熔铁被倒入搅拌机的方式和茶被倒入茶壶里的方式相同。

【难点】same 和as有固定搭配关系，而和其它几个词没有固定搭配关系。

25． A)【句意】俄罗斯人烧毁了他们的农场，炸毁了他们的大坝和电厂。

【难点】blow up 意为“爆炸，炸毁”；blow off 意为“吹掉，被吹走”；blow out 意为“（车胎）爆裂；熄灭”；blow over意为“逝去,被淡忘”。

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全真模拟试题

1. Everyone in the family bullied her and made her do all the chores, she was indeed ____.

A. CiderellaB. a Cinderella

C. the CinderellaD. that Cinderella

2. Air is to us ____ water to fish.

A. likeB. asC. whatD. that

3. ____ troublesome the problem is, he faces it with patience.

A. HoweverB. No matterC. DespiteD. Although

4. Peter became angry and said that ____.

A. he was tired to listen to them 

B. the listening to them was tired for him

C. he was tiring listening to them

D. he was tired of listening to them

5. Weather ____, the picnic will be held as scheduled.

A. permitsB. should permit

C. will permitD. permitting

6. We regret ____ you that your subscription is overdue.

A. informingB. to inform

C. being informed D. to be informed

7. ____ you are a college teacher, you probably have to take your holidays in July and August.

A. Since thatB. Since now 

C. By nowD. Now that

8. He had no business ____ mixed up in such a matter.

A. gettingB. in gettingC. to be gotD. get

9. Everybody must observe the rule, not ____ the director.

A. exceptB.but 

C. exceptingD. except for

10. The texture of the rock’s grains were described ____“like sugar”.

A. as beingB. as isC. as wasD. as if

11. The subject of children starving to death is too ____to joke about.

A. grimB. griefC. shrewdD. snobbish

12. We can’t just ____ these objections off.

A. wardB. layC.shrugD. shake

13. Children are ____ for saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.

A.naughtyB. plainC. versatileD. notorious

14. Let’s ____ the bird from the case.

A. liberateB. putC. setD. free

15. She regarded the burglary as a(n) ____ of her home.

A. invasionB. suppression

C. violationD. theft

16. I telephoned this afternoon, but nobody ____ .

A. repliedB. respondedC. returnedD. answered

17. The ____ of my paper on animal communication includes a book on whale songs.

A. biographyB. preface 

C. introductionD. bibliography

18. Many experts ____ a lowprotein, highcarbonhy drate diet.

A. promptB. advocateC. inherentD.claim

19. The medical center’s annual fee is ____ , covering all visits and services.

A. indicativeB. indefinite

C. inclusiveD. integral

20. Dominic is the most ____ pupil in class.

A. individualB. industrial

C. indulgent D. industrious

21. Mr. Morgan gradually ____ a knowledge of the subject.

A. attainedB. requiredC. acquiredD. enquired

22. Though steam engines have now passed the ____ of their usefulness, their heritage remains.

A. primeB. eraC. epochD. date

23. What he said just now had little to do with the question ____discussion.

A. withB. underC. byD. over

24. Molten iron is poured into the mixer in the same way ____tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.

A. asB.thatC. sinceD. like

25. The Russians also burned their farms and ____ their dams and power plants.

A. blew upB. blew offC. blew outD. blew over