专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(20) 四级, 语法, 词汇, 专业, 解答

幽幽草

Test Twenty
近义词辨析
endure, bear, stand, tolerate, put up with
这组词都有“忍受，忍耐”之意。
endure
比较正式，尤指忍受大的、持久的困难、痛苦、灾祸，常用于否定意义的句子中。
bear
强调忍受者的坚韧。
stand
意为“忍受，顶住”，多用于口语中，常用于否定句中，若用于肯定句，则意为“不屈不挠，经受得起”。
tolerate
意为“容忍”，语气较前几个词弱。
put up with
与tolerate意义相近，有“不计较，将就”之意，多用于口语。
如：He quietly endures the pain of a loveless marriage.他默默地忍受着没有爱情的婚姻的煎熬。
The sorrrow was almost more than she could bear.她几乎忍受不了那种悲伤。
I can’t stand hot weather.我受不了热天。
A government that refuses to tolerate opposition cannot last long.一个不听取反对意见的政府是不会长久的。
It’s hard for people to put up with that kind of treatment.人们很难忍受那种待遇。
basis, base, foundation
这组词均含有“基础”的意思。
在表示意见或判断的基础时，多用basis。在表示具体事物的基础或底部时，可用base或foundation,但不能用basis。base既可用于大物体也可用于小物体，而foundation只用于大物体，且多描述在地下的比较宏伟坚固的地基。如:
We reached this conclusion on the basis of many experiments.在多次实验的基础上，我们作出了这个结论。
I found a small leaf at the base of the flower.我在那朵花的底部发现一片小叶。
The workmen are laying the foundation of the new lecture building.工人们正在为新教学楼打地基。
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全真模拟试题
1. If only the arbitration court ____ the dispute.
A. resolveB. will resolve 
C. can resolveD. would resolve
2. I advise you ____ of ____ out such a dangerous plan.
A. to stop to think... carry
B. to stop thinking... carrying
C. to stop thinking... carry 
D. to stop thinking... to carry
3. She bought ____ plates.
A. one dozen beautiful pale blue dinner
B. one dozen pale blue beautiful dinner
C. beautiful one dozen pale blue dinner
D. one dozen dinner beautiful pale blue
4. More and more advanced farm machines ____ , the agricultural production increased tremendously.
A. usingB. having used
C. having been used D. to have been used
5. I think you are supposed ____ your graduate study last year.
A. to be finishing B. to have finished
C. to finishD. to have been finished
6. The paper ____ several persons are risking their lives is an important report on missiles.
A. after whichB. for which
C. with whichD. at which
7. The actress is not so beautiful ____ the press described in advance.
A. thatB. whichC. asD. what
8. The protection device can eliminate the faults ____they cause more damage.
A. unlessB. untilC. beforeD. although
9. All ____ is peace and progress.
A. what is neededB. for our needs
C. the thing neededD. that is needed
10. ____ he was aware ofthe real meaning of life.
A. That was from that book
B. It was that book which
C. It was from that book that 
D. It was that book that
11. I hope you will never fall into that ____.
A. mistakeB. faultC. errorD. defect
12. Then the ____ streamed into the great hall.
A. groupB. crowdC. gangD. masses
13. Once a ____ is formed it is very difficult to shake it off.
A. habitB. customC. practiceD. usage
14. My husband likes early American furniture, but I prefer ____styles, designs that reflect today’s times.
A. nobleB. neutral
C. contemporaryD. simple
15. For many people, overeating and overspending are as ____to Christmas as candles and holly.
A. integralB. suitableC. inevitableD. compatible
16. When my kids go a weekend without pizza and TV while camping, they think they are suffering great ____.
A. deficiencyB. deprivation
C. depressionD. starvation
17. The police have asked for the____ of the public in tracing the whereabouts of the missing boy.
A. cooperationB.advice C. helpfulnessD. aid
18. She murmured something and blushed as if a secret had been ____.
A. imposedB. exposedC. removedD. renewed
19. Your service is entirely ____ , not compulsory.
A. selectiveB. optionalC. voluntaryD. reluctant
20. Their distribution is also ____, sometimes, widely spaced, in places, closely packed together.
A. variousB. alternativeC. variableD. conventional
21. Food and drink are good and desirable, but their ____can cause serious health and mental problems.
A. effectB. abuseC. customD. usage
22. I called on him the morning after our arrival, and was ____with his gay, precise manner and obvious power of decision.
A. inclinedB. implied
C. impressedD. illustrated
23. The trade agreement between the two countries will ____next year.
A. adjoinB. expireC. boostD. concede
24. Two boys were caught smoking at school but the headmaster let them ____ with a warning.
A. offB. downC. outD. alone
25. Advertising costs are no longer in reasonable ____to the total cost of the product.
A. testimonyB. relationshipC. proportionD. legislation
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试题答案与解析
1． A)【句意】但愿仲裁庭解决这些争议。
【难点】If only意为“只要，但愿”，后边引出的句子往往用虚拟语气，表示与将来事实相反或将来不可能发生的事情时谓语通常采用(should)+动词原形。
2． B)【句意】我建议你不要想着去执行这样危险的计划。
【难点】advise 一般用于句型“advise(sb)that 或advise sb to do sth，意为“建议…做”。stop后跟动名词或名词时，意为“不再做某事，停止正做的事”。如果stop后跟动词不定式，则表示停止一件事情而开始做另一件事情。所以只有答案B)正确。
3． A)【句意】她买了十二个漂亮的浅蓝色餐碟。
4． C)【句意】由于使用了越来越多的先进农业机械，农业产量大幅提高。
【难点】本句的原因状语采用现在分词表示独立主格结构，由于主句和从句的主语不一致，故在作状语的现在分词之前加了其逻辑主语more and more advanced farm machines ;从时间上看，产量的提高发生在使用先进机械之后，所以需要用完成时，而且必须构成被动语态才能够阐述所要表达的意思。
5． B)【句意】我认为你去年就应该完成研究生学业。
【难点】be supposed to 相当于should，后跟完成时，表示一种与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。
6． B)【句意】好多人冒着生命危险试图得到的那份文件是一份有关导弹的重要报告。
【难点】for 作为介词，后跟名词，代词或动名词，往往表示某一动作或行为的目标或试图获得的东西。
7． C)【句意】这位女演员并没有报界事先描述的那么漂亮。
【难点】so(as)+adj/adv.+as 用于同级比较，意为“像…样…”。
8． C)【句意】该保护装置能够在故障造成更大的损坏之前将其消除。
【难点】unless意为“如果不，除非”，相当于if not ,用于条件状语从句。until意为“直到”，由until引导的时间状语从句，所对应主句的谓语动词通常为延续性动词。before意为“在…之前。 although意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。
9． D)【句意】人们要求的就是和平与发展。
【难点】all 后如果跟定语从句，则关系代词为that。
10． C)【句意】正是通过那本书，他才懂得了生活的真谛。
【难点】本句为强调句，强调句的常用形式之一为“it+is/was+强调成分+that分句”。
11． C)【句意】我希望你别再犯那样的错误。
【难点】error意为“失误，（行为，信仰的）错误”，fall into error意为“误入歧途”；mistake意为“错误，过失；误解”；fault 意为“缺点，过失，小毛病”；defect意为“缺陷，缺点”。
12． B)【句意】然后人群涌入了大厅。
【难点】crowd意为“群，人群”；group“小组，群”；gang意为“（劳动者的）一队，一组”；mass意为“群众，大众”。
13． A)【句意】习惯一旦形成，很难改掉。
【难点】habit 意为“癖好，（个人的）习惯，习性”；custom 意为“习俗，惯例”；practice 意为“惯例，常规”；usage也有“习俗，习惯，惯例”之意，但不太常用。
14． C)【句意】我丈夫喜欢美国早期家具，可我倒是喜欢反映当代的现代风格的设计。
【难点】contemporary 意为“当代的”；noble 意为“高尚的，崇高的”；neutral意为“淡色的，中色的”；simple意为“无装饰的，朴素的；简朴的”。
15． A)【句意】对许多人来说，多吃和多花就像蜡烛和冬青一样成为圣诞节必不可少的一部分。
【难点】integral 意为“构成整体所必需的，缺一不可的”；inevitable意不“不可避免的，必然发生的”；suitable意为“合适的，适宜的”；compatible意为“和谐共处的，相容的；符合的”。
16． B)【句意】我的孩子在宿营的时候要是一周不吃比萨饼，不看电视，他们就会认为损失太大。
【难点】deprivation意为“损失，丧失；匮乏”；deficiency意为“缺乏，不足”；depression意为“消沉；沮丧”；starvation意为“饥饿；饿死”。
17． A)【句意】警方要求公众合作追查失踪男孩子的下落。
【难点】cooperation意为“合作，协调，配合”；advice意为“劝告，忠告”；helpfulness意为“有益，有用”；aid意为“帮助，援助，救护”。
18． B)【句意】她喃喃自语了些什么，脸一红，好像有个秘密被揭露似的。
【难点】expose意为“揭露，揭穿，揭发”；impose意为“把…强加于”；remove意为“移开，挪走，拿去”；renew意为“更换，把…更新”。
19． C)【句意】您的服务完全是自愿的，而不是义务性的。
【难点】voluntary 意为“自愿的，志愿的”；selective意为“选择的，选择性的”；optional意为“随意的，任选的”；reluctant意为“不情愿的，勉强的”。
20． C)【句意】它们的分布也是反复无常的，有时间距很大，在有些地方，又紧密地贴在一块。
【难点】variable“易变的,多变的,反复无常的”；various 意为“不同的，各种各样的”；alternative 意为“供选择的,供替代的”；conventional意为“习惯的，惯例的”。
21． B)【句意】食品和饮品人们都渴望得到，但是暴饮暴食会造成严重的健康问题和精神问题。
【难点】abuse 意为“滥用,虐待”；effect意为“效力，影响”；custom意为“社会习俗，惯例”；usage意为“用法，惯用法”。
22． C)【句意】我们到达后的那个早晨拜访了他，并对他那令人愉悦的得体举止和明显的决断力留下很深印象。
【难点】impress意为“给…深刻印象，使感动”；incline意为“（性格上）倾向，赞同，喜好”；imply意为“暗指，暗示”；illustrate 意为“说明，阐明，表明”。
23． B)【句意】两国间的贸易协定将于明年到期。
【难点】expire意为“满期，届满，（期限）终止，成为无效”； adjoin意为“邻接，与…毗连”；boost 意为“推动，提高，增强”；concede意为“容许，授予，让与”。
24． A)【句意】两名男生在学校抽烟的时候被校长抓到，可是校长只是警告了他们，然后把他们放过了。
【难点】let off 意为“放过，宽恕，对…从轻处理”； let down意为“使人失望”；let out 意为“发泄，放开”； let alone意为“更不必说，不管”。
25． C)【句意】广告成本不再和产品全部成本成正比。
【难点】in proportion to 意为“与…成正比例”； testimony意为“证据；证明”；relationship意为“关系，关联”；legislation意为“立法，法规”。