专业四级：词汇、语法详细解答40套(36)a 词汇, 语法, 四级, 专业, 解答

幽幽草

Test ThirtySix
近义词辨析
long, wish, desire, hope, expect
这组词都含有“希望”之意。
long
意为“渴望，盼望”，常与for搭配使用，有较强的感情色彩，表示对某一事物抱有热切的“希望”或强烈的“向往”。
wish
作“希望，渴望”讲，是一般用语，常用于表达过去的遗憾，对不可能达到的目标的渴求，此时常为虚拟语气。另外，还可指对别人的祝愿。
desire
意为“希望，渴望”，是正式用语，语气强于wish,指怀着急切的心情，强烈地盼望着达到某种目的，而这种殷切的希望经多方努力是可以实现的。
hope
作“希望，盼望”讲，指人期待或渴望有一定指望的事物，这种期待可能实现也可能实现不了，但常含有充满信心之意。
expect
表示“希望，期待”，指有一定的把握认为某人会做某事并期待着这种可能性的实现。
She longed to go back to the laboratory.她渴望能回到实验室。
What I like is chewing gum. I wish I had some now.我喜欢的是口香糖，真希望我现在有些口香糖。
Have you got everything that your heart desired?你一心向往的东西都有了吗?
He hoped that his extra effort on the essay would bring him a higher mark.他希望他在论文上作出的特殊努力将会使他得高分。
If I tell you to come, I expect you to come.如果我让你来，我就希望你来。
result, consequence, effect, outcome
这组词均含有“结果”的意思，指事物最后呈现的一种局面。
result
是最普通的用词，用途最广，指很多效果、后果的综合，带有“最后结果”的意味。
consequence
这个词带有贬义，一般表示一种不好的结局，常译为“后果”。
effect
与cause(原因，起因)相对，强调由某种原因直接或立即产生的结果，可译为“效果，效力，作用，影响”。
outcome
常译为“结果，结局”，常指某项活动、比赛或者悬而未决的事情最后见分晓、见输赢。
The net result of our discussions was that she agreed to take this job.我们反复商量的最终结果是她同意接受这份工作。
The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social consequences.高失业率已经造成了不良的社会后果。
The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales.这次广告运动对销售未能起到多大的作用。
There were not many people who dared predict the outcome of the general election.没有人敢预测大选的结果。

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试题答案与解析

1. A)【句意】杰克18岁时愿意跟一帮怪里怪气的人混在一起，常常在外面呆到很晚才回来。

【难点】take to意为“喜欢上”；take for意为“认为，误以为”；take up意为“占据(时间、空间、注意力等)”；take on意为“承担，呈现(面貌)，具有(特征)”。

2. D)【句意】他承担的工作太多，以致于无法真正有效地进行。

【难点】take on意为“承担”； turn on意为“开(电灯、水源、煤气等)”；bring on意为“引起，导致”；put on意为“穿上(衣服)，增加(体重)。”

3. A)【句意】大部分人类活动，特别是与周围环境有关的活动，是对各种情况或事件的反应。

【难点】in response to意为“反应”； in favour of意为“赞成，主张”;in contrast to意为“与…形成对照”; in excess of意为“超过”。

4. A)【句意】上层社会对妇女在社会中地位的态度发生了明显的变化，这种变化将对日本现行的法律体系产生影响。

【难点】permeate意为“渗透”;violate意为“侵犯，玷污”;probe意为“探索”，作不及物动词时可与介词into搭配; grope意为“摸索,探索”，可与介词for搭配。

5. C)【句意】我得出的结论似乎令人沮丧，但我想或许能从中产生某种令人高兴的东西。

【难点】derive无论作及物动词还是不及物动词，都可与介词from搭配，除表示起源之类的意思外，还可表示“取得，得到”等意思。

6. A)【句意】如遇火警，要求全体居民在院子里集合。

【难点】assemble意为“集合”；converge意为“会聚，集中(指向一共同点集中)；crowd意为“挤满，聚集(含有人群无秩序，人体互相碰擦的意思)”；accumulate意为“积累，积聚”。

7. A) 【句意】他认为自己最大的不幸就是从未受过高等教育。

【难点】grief意为“不幸的事，伤心的事(可数名词，常指因所爱的人去世或其它原因造成的、使人感到悲痛或忧虑的事情)”。

8. A)【句意】这家服务机构在全国有36家图书馆，同时有6家专门为农村服务的流动图书馆。

【难点】mobile意为“流动的”；drifting意为“漂流的”；shifting意为“移动的(指位置或方向发生改变)”；rotating意为“旋转的”。

9. D)【句意】抢救落水儿童的一切努力均未成功。

【难点】rescue意为“抢救”；regain意为“重新获得，恢复(健康，原职等)”；recover意为“(健康，力量，能力等)恢复，痊愈”；reserve意为“保留，保存”。

10. B)【句意】这位售货员对顾客很坦率。如果商品质量不好的话，他会如实告诉顾客的。

【难点】inferior意为“次的，次于…的”；humble意为“卑贱的，地位低下的(只用于指人)”；minor意为“次要的”；awkward意为“棘手的，使用不便的”。

11. C)【句意】新洗衣机以每天50台的速度生产出来。

【难点】turn out意为“生产”；turn up意为“开大(收音机、煤气等)”；turn down意为“把…调低，拒绝”；turn in意为“上交”。

12. A)【句意】绝不应该给小孩子钱。

【难点】on no account意为“绝不”；from all accounts和by all accounts意为“根据说法”，并非固定搭配，而of no account意为“丝毫不重要”是从成语of…account(“有…重要性”)演化而来的，account可加some, great, little, small等限定词进行修饰，表示程度。

13. C)【句意】在伦敦时，我们访问了为纪念弗劳伦斯•南丁格尔护士而建立的医院。

【难点】in honor of意为“为…的荣誉”；in line with意为“与…一致”； in favor of意为“支持，赞成”；in place of意为“代替”。

14. C)【句意】要求参观者遵守规则。

【难点】comply with意为“遵守”。其它三个词都可与介词with搭配：consult with意为“和…商量”；contrast with意为“与…形成对比”；conflict with意为“与…抵触”。

15. B)【句意】他想他能说服鲁宾逊先生买一些昂贵的设备。

【难点】除talk之外，还可用persuade或reason表达同一意思。另外，talk或reason sb. out of (doing) sth.意为“说服某人不做某事”。

16. D)【句意】这位诗人新作再版无疑会提高他在国内的知名度。

【难点】enhance意为“提高”;magnify意为“放大，扩大(使某物看起来比本身大)”;strengthen意为“加强，变强(使身体强壮，使某物更加牢固，结实)”;enlarge意为“扩大(使某物变大，或变宽)”。

17. C)【句意】这两位网球选手场上是对手，场下是朋友。

【难点】rivals意为“对手”;companion意为“同伴”;enemy意为“敌人”;partner为“搭档，合伙人”。

18. C)【句意】他的体温一连三天都不正常，最高时达到40.5度。

【难点】abnormal意为“不正常的”;uncommon意为“不寻常的”;disordered意为“失调的”;extraordinary意为“格外的”。

19. A)【句意】最后的文件当然是弥合战争给世界造成的创伤。

【难点】impose意为“强加”;impress意为“给…以深刻印象”;compel意为“强迫”;compress意为“压缩”。

20. D)【句意】迪克行动迅速地救起了落水儿童。

【难点】acute意为“敏锐的，急性的”;alert意为“警觉的，警惕的”;profound意为“深奥的”。

21. B)【句意】魔术师从观众中任意挑选了几个人，要他们协助表演。

【难点】at random意为“任意地”;by accident意为“偶然地”;on occasion意为“有时”;on average意为“平均”。

22. D)【句意】这是我所干得最困难的工作。

【难点】by far用来修饰最高级;by rights意为“按理”。B)、C)意均为“单独地，独自地”,前者指动物或东西，后者指人。

23. C)【句意】今天早晨我上班比平时早，以防堵车。

【难点】in case of意为“万一，以防”;for the sake of意为“为了…(的利益)”;at the risk of意为“冒险”; in line with意为“与…一致”。

24. B)【句意】我们把爱迪生的成就归因于他的聪明才智及辛勤的劳动。

【难点】attribute意为“把…归因于”;owe to意为“应该把…归功于”;subject to意为“使服从，使受到”;refer to意为“查阅，涉及”。

25. D)【句意】在英国，以及在欧洲大陆，有时人们把日本人看做是对本地工业的威胁。

【难点】be viewed as意为“被看作…”，be viewed和其他三个介词搭配不合适。

幽幽草

全真模拟试题

1. When Jack was eighteen he ____ going around with a strange set ofpeople and staying out very late.

A. took toB. took forC. took upD. took on

2. He ____ so much work that he couldn’t really do it efficiently.

A. put onB. turned onC. brought onD. took on

3. A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is ____ conditions and events.

A. in response to B. in favor of

C. in contrast to D. in excess of

4. An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women’s status in society will ____ through the current law system in Japan.

A. permeateB. probeC. violateD. grope

5. I seem to have reached a rather gloomy conclusion, but I think that something cheerful may still be derived ____ it.

A. ofB. offC. fromD. with

6. If the fire alarm is sounded, all residents are requested to ____ in the courtyard.

A. assembleB. convergeC. crowdD. accumulate

7. He believed that the greatest of his ____ was that he’d never had a college education.

A. griefsB. misfortunesC. disastersD. sorrows

8. The service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six ____ libraries specially serve the countryside.

A. mobileB. driftingC. shiftingD. rotating

9. All our attempts to ____ the child from drowning were in vain.

A. regainB. recoverC. reserveD. rescue

10. The shopassistant was straight with his customers. If an article was of ____ quality he’d tell them so.

A. humbleB. inferiorC. minorD. awkward

11. The new washing machines are ____ at the rate offifty a day.

A. turn upB. turn downC. turned outD. turned in

12.____ should any money be given to a small child.

A. On no accountB. From all accounts.

C. Of no account D. By all accounts

13. While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded ____the nurse Florence Nightingale.

A. in line withB. in favor ofC. in honor ofD. in place of

14. Visitors are asked to ____ with the regulations.

A. contrastB. consultC. complyD. conflict

15. He thought he could talk Mr.Robinson ____ buyingsome expensive equipment.

A. onB. ofC. roundD. into

16. The republication of the poet’s most recent works certainly ____ his national reputation.

A. magnifyB. strengthenC. enlargeD. enhance

17. Although the two players are ____ in the tennis court, they are really good friends.

A. partnersB. enemiesC. rivalsD.companions

18. His body temperature has been ____ for three days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.

A. uncommonB. disorderedC. abnormalD. extraordinary

19. The final document was of course, supposed to mend the damage ______ upon the world by the war.

A. imposedB. impressedC. compelledD. compressed

20. The drowning child was saved by Dick’s ____ action.

A. acuteB. alertC. profoundD. prompt

21. The magician picked several persons ____ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.

A. by accidentB. at randomC. on occasionD.on average

22. This is ____ the most difficult job I have ever tackled.

A. by rightsB. by itselfC. by oneselfD. by far

23. I left for the office earlier than usual this morning ____traffic jam.

A. in line withB. for the sake of 

C. in case ofD. at the risk of

24. We ____ Edison’s success to his intelligence and hard work.

A. subjectB. attributeC. oweD. refer

25. In Britain, and on the continent too, the Japanese are sometimes viewed ____ a threat to domestic industries.

A. likeB. withC. forD. as