1)与名词的搭配,有的与后面的名词搭配。如:at home 在家;by the door 在门口;in the city 在城里;at three o’clock 在3点钟;on Sunday 在星期日;during the night 在夜里;till next week 到下周为止;in 1921 在1921年;over the weekend 整个周末;with care 小心地;for good 永久地;past hope 已无希望;across the country 全国;in excitement 激动地
有的与前面的名词搭配,如:acquaintances with 与‥‥相识;attention to 对‥‥注意;contribution to 对‥‥贡献;desire for 对‥‥愿望;devotion to 献身于;independence of 独立于;equality with与‥‥平等;interest in 对‥‥感兴趣;love for 对‥‥的热爱;objection to 对‥‥反对;offence against 冒犯‥‥;outlook on 对‥‥眺望;persistence in 坚持‥‥;popularity with 为‥‥所欢迎;similarity with 与‥‥类似;sympathy with 对‥‥同情
2)与动词的搭配。如:account for 说明;aim at 针对;amount to 合计;begin with 从‥‥开始;cooperate with 与‥‥合作;depart from 离开;die of 死于;indulge in 耽于;interest oneself in 感兴趣于;lead to 导致;listen to 听;meddle with 乱动;object to 反对;offend against冒犯;persist in 坚持;play with 玩弄;refer to 归于;specialize in 专攻;sympathize with同情
3 )与形容词搭配。如:absent from 不在(某处);afraid of 害怕;averse to 不喜欢;clever at 擅长;equal to 与‥‥平等;faithful to 对‥‥忠实;famous for 以‥‥著称;full of 充满;guilty of 犯(罪)等;hostile to 对‥‥有敌意;independent of 独立于;indulgent in 耽于;interested in 感兴趣于;keen on 喜爱;opposite to 与‥‥对面;partial to 偏爱;popular with 受‥‥的欢迎;similar to 与‥‥类似;sympathetic with 对‥‥同情
注意:
1) 词根或词源相同的名词、动词和形容词多共用一个介词,如:
indulge/indulgence/indulgent (in) 耽于
sympathy/sympathize/sympathetic (with) 同情
objection/object (to) 反对
popularity/popular (with) 受欢迎
但也有例外,如:
equal to / equality with 与‥‥平等
married to / marriage with 与‥‥结婚
2)一个名词、动词或形容词往往可以和一个以上的介词搭配。其意义有所不同,如look for与look at;compare with与compare to;feel sympathy for somebody与have no sympathy with someone’s foolish opinions等。但有时区别并不大,如friendly with (或to),popular with (或among),originate in (或from)等。现在就连die of与die from的区别也似乎不甚明显了。
13.6 介词的后置
前已说过,介词一般须放在名词之前,但在下列情况下,则常后置(常在全句或分句或从句之末):
1)介词宾语为疑问词时。如:
(1)What are you talking about? 你们在谈什么?
(2)Where are you from? 你是哪里人?
(3)What for? 为什么?
在间接疑问句和感叹句中介词亦可后置。如:
(4)I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你们在谈什么??(间接疑问句)
(5)What a jolly mess I am in! 我所处的局面多么糟啊!(感叹句)
2)介词宾语为关系代词或缩合连接代词时。如:
(6)Do you remember the book which the teacher referred us to? 你记得老师叫我们看的那本书吗?
(7)That’s what he is talking about? 那就是他所谈的事。
[注]在正式文体中,介词亦可放在疑问词、关系代词、连接代词之前。如:
①With whom did you go? 你同谁一道去?
②This is the book from which I got the story. 这就是我从中读到这个故事的那本书。
③From what I hear, he is a good swimmer. 我听说,他是个优秀的游泳运动员。(from what I hear是一固定词组,from须置于what之前)
3)在其它情况下。如:
(8)“There’s nothing to be afraid of,” Mother said. “没有什么可怕的,”妈妈说道。
(9)It is a fact that here I could not find one garbage can to throw trash in. 确实,我在这里连一个倒垃圾的垃圾桶都找不到。
(10)We helped the troupe avoid the kind of trouble it had met with elsewhere. 我们帮助这个剧团避免了它在别处遇到过的那种麻烦。(介词with在此并不位于句末)
(11)I will try to get it over with as quickly as possible. 我一定尽快地把它结束。(to get it over with是一固定说法)
13.7 介词的省略
现代英语在某些情况下看来一种省略介词的趋势。
1)省去as,如:
(1)I consider him an expert. 我认为他是一位专家,(him之后省去as,现在一般认为不应用as)
2)省去at,如:
(2)What time did you arrive home? 你什么时候到家的?(what前省去at)
(3)It is hard work keeping the grass green this time of year. 一年中这个时节保持绿草不枯,要费很大气力。(this time前省去at)
3)省去by,如:
(4)I sent the letter airmail. 我将此信由航空寄出。(airmail前省去by)
(5)I want to go economy. 我要节约。(economy前省去by)
4)省去from,如:
(6)Illness prevented him going. 疾病使他未能成行。(going前省去from)
(7)Can’t you stop the child getting into mischief? 你就不能使孩子不淘气?(getting前省去from)
5)省去in,如:
(8)I had started a schoolboy diary the same year I entered the Latin School, in 1928. 我作为学生记日记是我于1928年进入拉丁学校时开始的。(the same year前省去in)
(9)They have recruited few new barbers the past three years. 在过去三年中,他们很少补充新理发师。(the past three years前省去in)
有些动名词之前常省去in,如:
(10)I have been some time answering this question. 我想了一些时候才回答这个问题。(answering前省去in)
(11)He showed his appreciation for her assistance helping him practice English. 他对她帮他练习英语表示感谢。(helping前省去in)
6)省去of,如:
(12)The Pacific Ocean is so big that it could hold twenty countries the size of the United States. 太平洋很大,它可以装得下20个美国那样大的国家。(the size前省去of)
(13)What colour is it? 它是什么颜色?(what前省去of)
(14)He plunged out the doors. 他冲出门口。(美国英语out=out of)
6)省去on,如:
(15)The police arrested him on an assault charge the evening of November 18. 警察于11月18日以殴打罪逮捕了他。(the evening前省去on)
(16)He meant to go hunting. 他意欲打猎。(hunting前省去on。现今也有语法空认为go是连系动词,hunting是表语)
7)省去to,如:
(17)He never failed to show the traditional respect due Prof. Lin. 他对林教授一向按照传统尊崇备至。(due后省去to)
(18)The reception accorded the book has been very gratifying. 这本书受到欢迎是非常可喜的事。(accorded后省去to)
9)在列举一系列名词时,介词可省去,以免重复,如:
(19)When you’re lying without moving, you suddenly get an itch on the shoulder, the head, the back. 当你躲着一动不动时,你会突然感到肩上、头上、背上一陈搔痒。
但在下面句子中由于强调介词of,故须重复:
(20)He was guilty of vanity, of several meannesses. 他有虚荣心,干过好几桩卑劣的事。
下面一句中连词and前后的介词不同,故一般皆不可省略:
(21)Dr. Sun has agreed to be an adviser to and member of the board of the college. 孙博士同意担任这所学院的顾问和董事。
[注]在某些现成说法中,介词的宾词亦可省略。如:
①Have you put the kettle on? 你把水壶放在炉子上了吗?(介词on后省去the fire)
②When do you go off? 你什么时候休息?(介词off后省去duty)作者: aozg53jfrh 时间: 2012-3-7 15:18 标题: 顶楼主