1、常用与开头的短语、句式 （1）with the（rapidly）growing popularity of（computers/private cars）in China，the quality of our lives has been considerably changed.
（2）With the（rapid）growth of（our economy/population），many problems such as（water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management）are beginng to surface
（3）With the development of（science and technology/market economy），more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that…
（4）Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over （illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures）。
（5）Nowadays ，a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China .some people believe that…，whereas others argue that…
（6）There are some reasons for owning （private cars/ personal computers）。To begin with，…Next，…Last，…There are，on the oher hand，many reasons against it，First，…Second，…Finally，…
（7）There are many advantanges and disadvantages in（owning a car）。
（8）There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something
（9）Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons.The first reason is that…The second reason is that…/On the one hand ，…On the other hand，…
（10）The possible solutions of （the enery crisis/water shortanges/these social problems）depend on three factors…
（11）The tow major reasons responsible for（the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products ）are… 2.常用于结尾的短语、句式
（1）It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to……
（2）To conclude，we can see that（the best way/the possible solution）is……
（3）In short，（shortages of water，decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution）are the major problems to be solved to（increase rain production）。
（4）In order to make our world a better palce in which to live we should make great efforts to……
（5）In a word，there are three suggestions we must follow，only in this way can we（achieve a great success）。
（6）It is time for us to take an actie part in……
（7）Let us work hand in hand in hand to（solve these social problems）
3.陈述或论证观点、看法（view，point，opinion）、原因（reason、cause）、方法、手段、措施、步骤……（method，means，measures，step……）、因素（factor）、利弊、优缺点（advantage，disadvantage）时常用的词语、句式：
（1）引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语：
……的原因有许多。There are many reasons why……
……的原因如下；The reasons why……are as follows
我的看法是……My opinon is that
（2）展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语：
①、第一层次（首先）First，Firstly，In the first place，First of all，To begin with，For one thing.
我的第一理由是……My first reason is that……
主要因素是……The main factor is that……
②第二层次（其次）Second，Secondly，In the Second plce，Next，Then，For another，
另一种方法是……Another means of……is to do……
第二种解决方法是……the second solution is that……
③第三层次（第三点）Third，athirdly，besides，in adition，furthermore，what is more important
（3）总结性段落常用句式、词语：
最后一点last，lastly，finally，in the last place，last of all，in short，in brief
简言之in a word，in summary，tosum up
总之，in conclusion，on the whole，altogether，in all
因此，so，thus，hence，therefor.Consequently，for thee reasons
结果，in consequence，as a result
由此可见……it will be seen from it that
如上所述，我们可以得出结论……as has been said above，we can conclude/make a conclusion/draw a conclusion/reach a conclusion come to aconclusion that……
（4）将事物的正反、好坏两方面，或者将两种不同事物进行比较，对比时常用的句式、短语：
然而while，whereas，but，however，nevertheless
尽管如此in spite of that，despite all this
但在另一方面but on the other hand
与……相比in/by in comparison with……/as compare with……
对比之下by/in contrast
与……相反as opposed to……/instead of……
相反on the contrary，instead
他们的区别如下The differences sre as follows；the differences can be described as follows
A与B之间的不同在于……the differences between A and B is /lies in/exests in/consists in……；A is different from B in……
