在传统的求职管道中，准备履历表(Resume)和求职信(Cover letter)是必然的一道程 序。而人事主管部门面对成千的履历表及求职信，其平均浏览的时间不过一至三分钟。
因此，如何在众多的应征者中脱颖而出，受到青睐，个人之学历及能力固然重要，但一
份经过设计，适当包装的履历表，虽然不保证找到一份工作，却很可能因此让人耳目一
新而获得面试的机会。即使在新时代，注重人际关系网络，毛遂自荐，主动拜访的求职
方式下，一份简洁有力的履历表，依然是个人随身不可或缺的重要资料之一。
履历表及求职信的撰写并没有严格的格式要求，但基本上一些重要讯息仍应适当处
理，有关履历表及求职信之各种格式或撰写方式可进一步参考有关书籍。
一、履历表
履历表的主要目的乃在获得面试的机会，并且在面试时作为对谈的参考依据，因此应
针对工作要求及求职目标逐一设计，以平实简洁方式表达个人之学经历与应征工作间之
配合关系。
1、撰写履历表前之准备：
(1)专人代写或自行撰写：时下虽然履历表专业服务公司甚为流行，但因服务人员素质
良莠不齐，对顾客之认识亦属有限，其为达推销目的，往往在行文用语上展现夸张花
俏，而内容很可能空洞不切实际。因此专家们大多鼓励求职者自行设计并撰写履历表。
一来可以针对各种不同工作性质或工作要求，重新筛滤个人学经历、专长，逐一设计符
合各个工作应征之需求；二来可以节省一笔开销。一份好的履历表不是急就章可以完成
的，而是需要一而再、再而三地修改过滤，因此，在准备履历表时，时间是绝对不可节
省的。
(2)纸张及缮打设备：履历表所有之纸张以纯白或淡白色品质佳者为主，纸张大小以
8.5x11之规格为原则。避免使用彩色纸张，一来过于花俏，二来不易阅读。缮打时以洁
净为原则，近来计算机文书排版便捷，而且日后修改容易，对于履历文书之处理是很理
想的工具，唯打印时应以激光打印机打印，针式打印机有碍美观，应避免使用。
(3)语气及用语：用语上力求平实、简洁、不吹嘘夸大，但字里行间仍应透露出自信及
个人之才能。
2、履历表之主要内容：
(1)姓名、地址、电话：如通讯处无公司住家或日夜之别者，则应将姓名、地址、电话
置于纸张起首处之中央（例一），若通讯处有地点、时间之别者，则姓名列于起首中
央，而将通讯地址、电话分置于左上及右上方之处（例二）。
例一：
Game McGuire
1724 Green Street
Indianapolis, IN 46204
(317)896-4289
例二：
Mary Jane Doe
Home Address: School Address:
2340 Longfellow Street Hamilton Hall, R-226
EL Segundo, CA90245 State University
(213)555-6582 San Jose, CA94587
(408)555-5065
(3)工作目标 (Objective)：这项内容视情况需要而定。如果能明确界定出求职目标，
则可以让雇主轻易地掌握到求职者是否为其所需。最好能针对自己的兴趣，准备不只一
个目标，每一份履历表只放一个目标，在界定时避免太狭隘，以免丧失机会。人力资源
专家认为除非对应征职位、职务性质、工作地点、工作性质、行业有相当确定之认识
时，才须加入目标此项，否则若求职范围广泛，而且兴趣不固定者，最好省略目标一
项，以免受撰述限制而失去其它面试的机会。
(4)教育程度(Education)：以倒叙方式详列每项学位、获得日期、就读学校、就读系
所、学业成绩优良者甚至可以列出GPA成绩，或班上排名，或百分比。一般人事主管认
为只有学业成绩表现不佳者才会藏拙不列出成绩及名次。而若主修成绩优于总平均，而
主修与应征职位密切相关者则不妨以如下方式列出：
Overall: GPA: 3.5 (on 4.0 basis)
Major: Economics. GPA: 3.85
具博士学位者则另须列出博士论文标题，指导教授姓名以及以二、三行摘述论文菁
华。荣誉及奖项 (Honors & Awards)可列于「教育」大项中，也可另行独立分项以显示
个人杰出表现之处，列叙时亦依日期倒叙列出。
(5)工作经验(Work experience)：内容应包括受雇单位、地点、职称、就职时间（年
月即可）、担任职务、工作表现。在说明工作表现时尽量以量化方式表达，例如：提高
总产值10%，而且应以诚实为原则，若为团队完成者，不应将功劳揽在一己身上，吹嘘
很容易被视破。描述时不须以完整句子表达，而是以Action Verbs为首（附一）说明工
作成就、具体事实等。若仍在学无就业经验者，则应强调研究成果或课外活动表现，打
工经验等。
(6)其它可独立分项者：特殊技能如计算机语言专长，熟悉软件及硬设备等。或如语言
能力（各种外语之熟稔程度，包括听说读写），参加之专业团体或协会、社团组织，担
任职务等足以展现个人社交活跃之能力，再如执照专利及特别证书等亦可列出其获颁日
期，获颁单位。至于重要论著(Publication)若为数不多，则可列入履历表内，但为避
免履历表篇幅过长，通常论著多者以采附算方式独立附于履历表之后。服军职者，不管
义务与否，或可独立列出并载明日期或并于工作经验之中。
(7)推荐人(Reference)，一般只有学术研究性质之工作需详细列出推荐人之姓名、职
称、联络电话、地址等信息。否则当应征单位没有要求时，不须主动附上，以免有不良
影响。处理时只须于履历表之末写上：References available upon request，但心底
应有几个推荐人可备询，以防有求才单位咨询，而推荐人之人选必须是对自己有基本认
识，印象佳，且愿给予支持者。声誉卓著之人选虽然具影响力，但其不见得有正面支持
时反可能造成反效果，因此未必是适合之人选。
3、履历表的格式：
一份好的履历表未必放诸天下而皆准，能表现个人特色，争取面试机会者即是好的履
历表。有些人学历表现优于工作经历，有些人则相反，此二类人之履历表之格式设计上
比重就不尽相同。在个人学经历中愈是重要，愈显现个人优越者愈应摆在前头。学历佳
者可优先说明教育程度，但毕业就业已久者，似乎以强调工作经验为佳。
履历表的格式也因个人使用时机不同而主要可分为二类。一是年序式
(Chronological)，一是才具式(Functional)。前者将履历表主要内容分项，依时间发
生先后倒叙而下；而后者则忽视时间之重要性，将工作经验一项重新打散，依技能项目
排列组合归类于各不同之技能小项下。或可保留工作经验之标题，或另以资历
(Qualifications)取代，时间顺序不再是才具式履历表排序的标准。例如范例二（附
三）Qualifications下列有Communication Skills, Leadership Skills, Community
Skills。这些技能分项除了可依个人技能类别分项外，亦可针对工作要求之技能，特别
是Leadership Skill, Writing Skill, Communication Skill等常见之工作要求，加以
分类。通常资历或技能下归纳出四至六种才能，每一才能下另列三至四种工作成就。以
下仅就此二种履历表使用时机及优缺点分析如下：
甲、年序式：
(1)使用时机：
a、个人事业（或学业）相当连续，并未有连续失业达一年以上之事实，而且也没
有未充分就业(即兼差半职)的情形，同时在工作表现上持续进展，此点可从工作升迁及
担任职务之重要性窥出一般，就业尚称稳定，未见经常跳槽转业之例。
b、目前工作经验或整体就业经历，与求职目标息息相关。因为倒叙式说明工作经
验，可让雇主明白应征者当前工作性质是否对应征工作之胜任，而且是否有转业倾向。
同时整体之工作经历可以说明专长及经验之累积符合工作目标之要求，因此非常适合从
事性质相近之职务时使用。
(2)优缺点：
a、优点：对人事部门而言，年序式履历表依时间循序渐进，易读而且可轻易判断
应征者过往服务单位之声誉，进而推断应征者之工作表现优劣与否。而对求职者而言，
因时间排序逻辑清楚，因此撰写安排上较才具式容易。
b、缺点：太强调个人进展及事业连续或稳定性，容易使个人专长受到忽略，因此
在转业时无法突显出个人才能与应征职位间之相关。此外太过重视当前经验及成就，若
应征职位与早期经历相关，则无法在年序式履历表中优先表达出来。再者就业中断或未
充分就业，都可在时间序列中一眼看出端详，对于个人能力之评估有不良之影响。透过
时间与学经历间之关连亦可推测出求职之年龄，有时也会影响面试机会。
乙、才具式：
根据统计，只有20%——25%的雇主会接受这种履历表。因为这类履历表很容易让人联想
到失业、就业中断或转业等因素避而不用年序式履历表。因此除非有特殊因素，否则最
好采用年序式。
(1)使用时机：
当个人有失业或就业中断、未充分就业、经常转换工作、转业需要，以及个人事业无
明显进展，且无优秀之学经历或当前工作经验与工作目标不相吻合者，不妨考虑以才具
式之履历表强调个人整体之专长及资历。
(2)优缺点：
a、优点：在格式设计上，因不受时间顺序之限制（时间甚至可以不提），故而无
法推断个人之就业史，而且也无从知道失业或转业之负面事实，而且也不易从中推测出
年龄。同时重点强调的是个人资历、专长与工作目标间之关系，因此面对不同工作要
求，只须将专长资历项下及才能依重要性重新排列，故可适用于一个以上的工作申请，
个人专长可以获得较多的关注。
b、缺点：容易让人怀疑使用此类履历表之动机，而且不易阅读，增添人事部门主
观判断以及揣测的空间。
4、注意事项：
(1)长度：履历表的长度以不超过二页为原则，若能在一页之内表达清楚更佳，而在这
一至二页中应充分说明「Who are you?」、「What do you want to do?」以及「What
have you done?」。
(2)版面设计：利用打字技巧如分标题 (heading)、大写、描黑、字底画线
(underline)、黑点 (dot)、星号(＊)、缩格(indent)等方式，使各项内容一目瞭然，
而且字体大小应适当选择，同时纸张二边留白应力求平衡，不可左倾或右偏。
(3)内容校对：文法、拼字、标点符号务求百分之百精确，最好请学校专业人员
(Career Advisor) 或外籍朋友有任职经验者看过，并且征询有无修改补充之处。
(4)组织结构：撰写时把握 Clarity（用语简洁并且与职位相关）、 Conciseness（尽
量在一至二页中表达）、Forcefully（所传递之讯息，强而有力介绍个人能力）。不可
太过繁琐，以显草率。但也不可太过贫乏而有遗珠之憾，最终目的必须引起求才单位之
阅读兴趣。
(5)用词遣句：在纸张起首处，不须加上Resume字眼，多此一举。说明工作表现以电报
(telex)式语气具体表达。句子不须强加主词，尤其忌讳出现主词 "I"，容易流于幼稚
肤浅。省略 "I"已是履历表撰写上约定俗成的用法。
(6)除非求才单位要求加附照片，否则照片绝不可黏贴于履历表中。
二、求职信(Cover Letter)
在求职过程中，除了利用履历表来简介并推销自己外，依例仍须附上一封求职信，告
诉求才单位，你对该工作之胜任及申请意愿。履历表是求职程序中之主体，但求职信却
可补其不足，达到画龙点睛，锦上添花之妙用。因此可将一些无法在履历表中充分发挥
之个人专长或才能，透过求职信详细说明，藉由履历表及求职信之相辅相成，争取到面
试的机会。
1、求职信的格式(Format)：
(1)如商业文书，信首右上方是发信地址及发信日期。接下来，左上方则是收信人姓
名、职称、收信地址（包括公司名称），有关收信人之姓名及职称应调查清楚。如不确
定，可去电该公司总机查询，并查询该人事甄选负责人之姓名，以便冠称 Mr.or
Ms.(Mrs.)。
(2)敬称语：Dear Mr., Mrs.or Ms.姓，只称呼其姓，而不须全名列出（但需注意的
是，前文提到收信人，则应列出全名，即 Mr. (firstname)+(last name)，此敬称语千
万不可因不确定收信人为何而以 "To whom it may concern" 取代，此举让人觉得草率
而且缺乏诚意。
(3)正文：通常分为三至四段，并且以一页为原则，除非必要，方使用二页。
a、第一段：说明写此信之原因，从那里得知此工作，例如就业辅导处 (Career
Center, Placement Office) 、报纸、朋友、师长；欲应征何种职位，并简介自己资历
与职位要求相吻合，进而说明工作目标。但注意此处所提之工作目标应与履历表中所列
之工作目标一致。例如：
Ms Dorothy Johes from your faculty encouraged me to write you regarding a
possible teaching position in North High School when I graduated from
college. This June I will receive the B.A.degree from Indiana University,
and I would like to teach in my hometown, Columbus, Ohio. (Source: Your Job
or Graduate School Search, P191.)
b、第二段：说明你为何对该工作感兴趣，为何你认为你的资历符合工作要求，并
进一步阐述自己之专业才能、工作经验、所修课程，避免复述履历表的用语。例：
You will see from my resume that I have strong quantitative background:15
credits of advanced high school and college mathematics, including basic and
advanced calculus, probability and statistics, and basic accounting,
GPA:3.6．(Source: "Resume Writing," "The Cover Letter," Career Service
Center, Princeton University, P19.)
c、第三段：指出随函附寄履历表供参考，同时说明履历表中乃记载个人之相关资
历及背景。这段可长可短，或者与前段对照（前段可写学业表现），另再举证工作表
现，说明自己的才能乃应征职位之所需。例：
Enclosed is my resume to detail my backgrounds and qualifications.
或将附寄一事独立于结论之首，此段仅进一步说明资历。总之，务必让收信人明白履历
表己随函附寄。
(4)结论：希望收信人收悉后会采取一些有利之行动，如提供面试或电话访谈。或者更
积极主动说明电询或拜访之意。
例一： I would be happy to meet with you and discuss career opportunities at
（公司名）.
例二： I would like to discuss career opportunities and my qualification
with you personally.
若有地利之便或时间许可，可能于几月几日几点电询申请结果或当面会谈。最后可加
上客套话如：Thank you for your consideration或 I am looking forward to our
meeting.
三、注意事项
1、每封信应原版打字打印，不可以影印本代替。
2、所有寄出去的信都应保留影本，以备查阅并回函。
3、纸张以白色及淡白色为主，三折放入9-10吋大之信封内。
4、信末一定要记得签名，工作性质不同之信最好分别撰写，不要以通稿代之。但若性
质雷同之工作，以同内容之信分寄不同公司时，应仔细核对信首、信中及信封提到公司
名称时皆完全一致，免得张冠李戴，错误百出。
5、用语简洁，避免陈腔滥调及空泛含糊的字句，语气力求平实不花俏，同时每段起首
避免以主词 "I"开头，字里行间充满自信，但不夸大。
6、寄信时，避免在收信人于星期一或星期五收到，若有截止日期或是应征报纸广告上
之工作者，则愈早寄愈好，免得人选补齐后，不再录用。
7、求职数据寄出后，尽管文情并茂，颇具说服力，但也不能保证一定有面谈机会。不
过当寄出后二周内仍未收到回音，则不妨去电询问应征结果，以示对此事之重视及态度
之积极。
附一：Action Verbs for Resume
Accelerated Enforced Negotiated
Accomplished Engineered Observed
Achieved Enlarged Offered
Acquired Equipped Operated
Acted Established Optimized
Adapted Estimated Ordered
Addressed Evaluated Organized
Administered Examined Originated
Allocated Exhibited Painted
Analyzed Expanded Participated
Approved Expedited Perceived
Arranged Experimented Performed
Assembled Explained Persevered
Assessed Extended Persuaded
Assisted Extracted Pilot
Ascertained Facilitated Planned
Attained Figured Prepared
Attended Filed Presented
Audited Financed Printed
Balanced Finished Processed
Began Fixed Procured
Brought Followed Produced
Built Formulated Proved
Budgeted Founded Programmed
Canceled Fulfilled Promoted
Calculated Gathered Proposed
Charted Gave Provided
Chartered Generated Purchased
Checked Guided Published
Classified Got Questioned
Cleaned Governed Raised
Coached Handled Realized
Collected Headed Reasoned
Communicated Helped Received
Compared Honored Recommended
Compiled Identified Reconciled
Completed Illustrated Recorded
Composed Imagined Recruited
Computed Implemented Reduced
Conceived Improved Referred
Conducted Improvised Reorganized
Confirmed Increased Repaired
Constructed Indexed Reported
Consolidated Influenced Researched
Consulted Initiated Resolved
Contracted Inspected Restored
Controlled Installed Reviewed
Coordinated Instructed Revised
Copied Interpreted Revamped
Counseled Interviewed Sanctioned
Counted Investigated Saved
Created Invented Scheduled
Dealt Issued Secured
Debated Judged Selected
Decided Kept Shaped
Defined Launched Sensed
Delegated Learned Separated
Delivered Lectured Set
Decreased Led Served
Demonstrated Lifted Sketched
Designed Listened Sold
Developed Logged Solved
Detected Located Simplified
Diagnosed Maintained Summarized
Directed Managed Supplied
Displayed Manipulated Structured
Distributed Manufactured Streamlined
Documented Maximized Studied
Drafted Medicated Supervised
Drew Mediated Supported
Drove Memorized Taught
Dug Met Trained
Edited Moded Translated
Effected Modeled Tutored
Elicited Modified Typed
Eliminated Monitored Unified
Empathized Motivated Updated
Upgraded
Varified
Weighed
Won
Worked
Wrote
附二：The Sample of Chronological Resume
Jane P. Jones
57 Clark Street Work212) 555-3427
Murray Hill, New Jersey 08030 Home201) 555-4243
Objective
A lead developer role in applied research and/or product
development
Education
——Master of Science in Electrical Engineering——March.
1976, from the University of California at Berkeley.
Master's Thesis: "iezoelectric Oscillator."
GPA 3.7/4.0.
——Bachelor Science in Engineering——Electrical
Engineering——June. 1974, from Princeton University
with Honors in Engineering.
Experience
Member of Technical Staff, AT&T Bell Laboratories——1976 to
present.
Communication Applications Development——1983 to present
——Lead developer for projects merging our PC communication
products with the PBX line including System 75 And Merlin
II.
——Led the team which wrote protocol drivers and application
code to manage resources such as available lines, trunks,
common equipment, etc. for the AT & T System 30 PBX. The
team developed new techniques for this effort. Much of
it written in C + + on an AT&T 3B2/600 in a UNIX System V
Release 3 environment
?Systems Engineering for Special Services installation and
Maintenance (SARTS)——1980 to 1983
——Defined SARTS test position requirements and project
managed test position development process from Requirements
Phase through Beta Test Phase.
?TIRKS Development——1976 to 1980
——Lead developer of TIRKS (Trunk information Record Keeping
System) Circuit Order Control Subsystem. Worked in an IBM
MVS/IMS environment in PL/I and 370 Assembler.
——Inventor and lead engineer of the TlRKS Terminal Subsystem.
a set of programs, screens, and a database which simplified
and made uniform the procedures for entering small amounts
of tabular data permitting customer tailoring to the TIRKS
system.
Memberships and Awards
—— Two patents pending on System 30 related work.
—— Member Association for Computing Machinery.
—— Member IEEE Computer Society.
—— Member Eta Kappa Nu.
—— National Merit Scholar.
Publications: See attached.
附三：The Sample of Functional Resume
Mary Jane Doe
Home Address School Address
23-40 Longfellow Street Hamilton Hall, R-226
El Segundo, CA 90245 State University
(213)555-6582 San Jose, CA 94587
(408)555-5065
CAREER OBJECTIVE
A training program with a social service or government
agency, leading to amanagement position dealing with the
public.
QUALIFICATIONS
Communication Majored in English; minored in speech.
Skills Reporter for school newspaper; covered
political government news beat.
Dormitory representative on student council
Member of varsity debating team.
Leadership Elected as representative to the Junior
Skills Class Government council
Editor, The Scholastic (college literary
magazine)
Student leader of orientation program for
1,500 incoming college students.
Community Office of the Attorney General, Division
Skills of Consumer Protection Office——summer of
1988, assisted in handling consumer complain
and mediating solutions.
United Way——summer of 1987, served as an
intern observing, interviewing and training
volunteers.
Robbins Library——three school years as
weekend assistant. Filed books and magazines,
helped catalogue incoming materials, served
the public by providing information and
assistance.
EDUCATION
B.A. degree, June 1989 from State University, San Jose, CA
Major Subject: English, Minor Subject: Speech.
Scholarship: Upper third of class; Dean's List last two years.
PERSONAL
Interests include research, planning social and community
programs, reading, League of Women Voters, and spectator
sports.
REFERENCES
Will be provided upon request.
附四：The Sample of Cover Letter
1045 Drake Place
Ellisville. MA 01047
March 27, 1987
Mr. Adrian M. Mantee
Director of Personnel
Blackwell Manufacturing Company
Plattsburg, IN 47401
Dear Mr. Mantee:
In the March issue Of What's New in Manufacturing. I read
your advertisement seeking supervisory personnel for your
multimillion-dollar plant expansion program:. Please consider
this letter as my application for a supervisory position in
Quality Control.
Presently I am Assistant Supervisor of QualityControl at
Barron Enterprises, Engineering Division. My work here is
pleasant and I enjoy it, but my wife and I want to move back
to Indiana because of the failing health of our parents, who
live here.
The enclosed resume gives a brief outline or my training and
experience. From my earliest job while a sophomore in high
school. I have liked working with machines of any kind. This
keen interest developed by my formal education and experience
in various aspects of mechanical technology, has given me a
background that should be of immense value to a supervisor.
I will be happy to supply any additional information
concerning my background or present employment. My immediate
supervisor here at Barron Enterprises is aware that I am
looking for a supervisory position with a company in the
Midwest and why I am doing so. I would Iike to have an
interview with you and although distance is an important
factor. I would be glad to fly out at your convenience if I
had at least a week's notice.
Sincerely,
Thomas D. Davis
Enclosure: Resume
212) 555-3427
iezoelectric Oscillator."