07考研英语全能突破(1)——词汇记忆 1 英语, 考研

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　第一编 词汇记忆方法
　　一、合成词
download
onlooker
online
outdoor(s)
outlet
output/input
outstanding
outlook
outline
outside/inside
overall
overcoat
overtime
overnight
oversea(s)
overcome
overhead
overtake
overthrow
update
upright
upset
upstairs
upside-down
up-to-date
upwards
understanding
undergo
underground  undergraduate
underline
undertake
ballpen
blackboard
bathroom
basketball
chairman
daytime
earthquake
eyesight
fireplace
fisherman
football
footprint
framework
gunpowder
haircut
handbook
handball
handout
handwriting
headache
headquarter
headmaster
highway
keyboard
landlord
mainland  masterpiece
meantime
nearby
network
offspring
otherwise
overall
passport
platform
pencilbox
postcard
postman
railway/road
salesman
seaman
sightseeing
snowstorm
spacecraft/ship
sportsman
tradesman
viewpoint
warehouse
waterfall
waterproof
widespread
worldwide
well-known
(285)  
　　　　　剪截词
　　　　　dorm
　　　　　exam
　　　　　gym
　　　　　fridge
　　　　　photo
　　　　　maths
　　　　　high-tech

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十三、反义记忆

　　establish----abolish, destroy absurd---sensible advance----retreat

　　attach----detach increase----decrease clarify----confuse

　　contract----expand crazy----rational attack---defend

　　gloomy----delightful include---exclude propose---oppose

　　lasting---temporary guilty---innocent previous---subsequent

　　natural----artificial ancient----modern tragedy----comedy

　　complicate---simplify concentrate---distract dynamic---static

　　十四、归类记忆

　　天文、宇宙：equator, fossil, galaxy, gravity, horizon, meteor, ozone, parallel, planet, satellite, space, star, moon, lunar, comet, sun, solar, Neptune

　　地区、地域、地貌: continent, province, capital, county, basin, valley, desert, plain, plateau, elevation, highland, lowland, latitude, bay, gulf, cape, beach, port, harbor, strait, channel, canal, river, stream, brook, pond, pool, cave, cliff, slope, mountain, hill, forest, woods, jungle, delta, field, lawn, marsh, peninsula, pit,

　　数学：arithmetic， fraction，decimal，function，power，remainder，complement，sequence，tolerance，probability，square root，geometry，plane geometry，parallel，addition，subtraction，multiplication, division, mean，average, axis, center, core, coordinate, curve, vertical, square, triangle, sphere, diameter, radius, dimension, area, cubic, angle, equation, ratio, proportion, cone, pyramid, volume, diamond

　　道路：bypass，sidewalk，pavement，path，trail，lane，passage，route，aisle，overpass， free way，flyover，underpass，zebra crossing

　　箱柜：cabinet，locker，closet，chest，drawer，wardrobe，dresser，cupboard，trunk，safe

　　蔬菜：turnip，carrot，cabbage，onion，cucumber，pepper，garlic，tomato，potato，melon, pumpkin, mushroom, garlic, carrot, bean, pepper, pea, ginger

　　交通工具：ambulance, lorry, automobile, van, truck, fire engine, cable car, sports car, cart, tram, trolley, bus, minibus, coach, shuttle bus, double decker, car, limousine, sedan, cab, taxi, jeep , locomotive, motorcycle, vehicle, steamer, liner

　　机械：turbine，engine，elevator，punch，refrigerator，generator，press，motor，projector，crane，clutch，pulse，pump，tackle

　　气候：hail，mist，haze，smog，fog，frost，dew，typhoon, hurricane, breeze, cyclone, tornado　windstorm, sandstorm, freeze, centigrade, temperature, thermometer, rain, snow, shower, drizzle, wind, cloudy, overcast, frigid, temperate, mild, (sub)tropical

　　文艺：rhythm, melody, note, lyric, beat, tempo, rhyme, tune, scale, tone, volume, harmony, chorus, solo, composition, jazz, ballet, dance, sing, opera, instrument, march, music, song, symphony, verse, waltz, playwright, perform, stage, scene, clown, actor, director, line, novel, poem, poetry, prose, essay, literature, episode, story, drama, character, plot, fiction, detective, disc, fable, biography, curtain, drum, organ, horn, violin, pipe, piano, guitar, wind, string, flute, reed, cast, rehearsal

　　学科：natural science/engineering/medicine/humanities/social science/liberal arts: sociology, agriculture, arithmetic, anthropology, aesthetics, accounting, architecture, astronomy, automation, biology, business, commerce, geology, geography, psychology, physiology, genetics, ecology, electronics, engineering, ethics, economy, forestry, geometry, history, mathematics, chemistry, physics, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, surgery, mechanics, optics, photography, logic, diplomacy, administration, management, literature, linguistics, philosophy, poetry, Portuguese, Spanish, finance, religion, politics, zoology, journalism, statistics, gymnastics, public relations, human resources, nutritional science, marketing, biochemistry, telecommunication等

　　职业/身份：accountant, attorney, amateur, ambassador, announcer, associate, astronaut, astronomer, athlete, attendant, (auto)biographer, consultant, coach, cameraman, candidate, journalist, librarian, colleague/associate, cashier, conductor, dealer, agent, diplomat, executive, fireman, mechanic, merchant, spectator, physician, surgeon, dentist, spokesman, sponsor, principal, retailer, stewardess, technician, receptionist, volunteer, undergraduate, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, bachelor, master, postgraduate

　　学校生活：freshmen, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, postgraduate, semester, academic year, credit, tuition, specialty/discipline, major, minor, seminar, lecture, tutorial, enroll in/register/take a course, essay, assignment, term paper, research/course paper, thesis, defend one’s thesis, graduation field work毕业实习, graduation project毕业设计，commencement/graduation ceremony毕业典礼，certificate, diploma, degree, grant, scholarship, fellowship, assistantship, degree requirement, Bachelor’s/Master’s/Doctor’s degree, course load, department, faculty members, professor, assistant/associate professor, instructor/lecturer, dean, president, dormitory, librarian, disciplines, pre-sessional, prerequisite, selective/elective/optional/required/compulsory, make-up exam, curriculum, School of Economics, graduate school, advisor, supervisor, tutor, part-time job, lecture hall, auditorium, gymnasium/gym, office hours办公时间, orientation program熟悉/认识环境

　　爱好、体育运动：track: jogging, dash, race, relay, marathon, power-walking, hurdles

　　field: discus, javelin, shot put, high/long jump, pole vaulting

　　individual/team sports: gymnastics, shooting, weightlifting, bowling, golf, diving, skiing, skating, figure/speed/roller skating, hiking, surfing, wrestling, rock-climbing, sailing, fishing

　　ballgames: basketball, football, soccer, volleyball, handball, baseball, cricket, tennis, badminton, ice hockey, water polo

　　计量单位；时间；颜色；人体部位；动物；植物；花、鸟、鱼、虫；衣物、鞋帽；职业、职务；烟、酒、食品、饮料；瓜果；调味品；食物；家居用品；场所、建筑；材料；文具；学科；学校、师生；计算机、网络；物理、化学、生物、影视、广播；戏剧、；写作、绘画；报刊；邮电、通讯；；体育、竞赛；宗教；经济；法律；政治、战争等等。

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十一、谐音趣味记忆

　　bake bandage bulletin

　　cruel curse dawn

　　fashion fee govern

　　jam mist murder

　　noise pan paw

　　phone pity rely

　　rigorous route show

　　sigh tower trader

　　truth urgent

　　十二、同义记忆

　　大：large, big, great, enormous, huge, tremendous, gigantic, massive, immense, grand, titanic,gross

　　小：small, little, tiny, minute, petite, microscopic, subtle

　　减（数量、程度）：decrease, diminish, decline, lessen, reduce, cut down on

　　客观的：objective, impartial, impersonal, unbiased, disinterested

　　错误：disadvantage, defect, short-coming, drawback, fault, mistake, deficiency, weakness, slip,blunder

　　立刻、马上：directly, immediately, presently, promptly, instantly, quickly, abruptly, suddenly, swiftly

　　明显的：obvious, evident, apparent, plain, clear

　　主要的：principal, chief, main, leading, dominant, foremost, prominent, essential

　　热情的：enthusiastic, zealous, earnest, eager, passionate, warm

　　暂时的：transient, temporary, momentary, passing

　　粗鲁的：rude，crude，gross，coarse，rough，wild，reckless

　　不正常的，反常的：deviant，irregular ，unnatural，odd，queer，weird, abnormal

　　使用：use，apply，utilize，employ，avail，exploit, take advantage of, make use of,resort to, adopt

　　积累，堆积：amass，collect，gather，heap，hoard, pile up, build up

　　恶化，加重，加剧: aggravate, worsen, intensify, deteriorate, weaken

　　苦恼，痛苦：agony， torture，torment，anguish，suffering，misery，pain，wrench，distress， adversity，hardship

　　获得，得到：attain，obtain，achieve，acquire，gain，secure

　　摇晃：shake, quiver, tremble, vibrate, rock, roll, quake

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七、音译词记忆

　　aspirin, bake, ballet, bandage, bar, beer, brandy, café, card, chocolate, coffee, calcium, cannon, cartoon, cigar, cocaine, copy, disco, dozen, engine, franc, gallon, gene, golf, guitar, hamburger, hormone, humor, inch, jacket, jazz, jeep, lemon, logic, magic, microphone, miniskirt, modern, motor, mummy, nicotine, nylon, ounce, opium, pass, pence, pudding, radar, rifle, romance, romantic, sandwich, sardine, soda, sofa, shark, tango, tank, tire/tyre, vitamin, whisky (62)

　　八、拟声词记忆

　　bang, bark, boom, bubble, clap, clash, click, cough, crack, giggle, horn, hum, mutter, pat, roar, tick, whisper, whistle, yawn

　　九、顺序颠倒词记忆

　　are---era

　　deer---reed

　　doom----mood

　　evil----live

　　god---dog

　　meet---teem

　　not---ton

　　on---no

　　pan---nap

　　war--- raw

　　saw---was

　　ten---net

　　十、包孕词记忆

　　appropriate-----proper

　　deceased----dead

　　exist---is

　　façade----face

　　illuminated---lit

　　observe---see

　　pantaloon---pants

　　recline---lie

　　salvage---save

　　separate---part

　　supervisor---superior

　　fabrication---fiction

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六、字母转换联想记忆

　　c(k)---g : elect select elect section contact

　　 delegate elegant eligible segment contagion

　　 distinguish intellect neglect fraction act

　　 distinction intelligent negligence fragment agent

　　v----f : believe give grieve relieve five thieve halve

　　 belief gift grief relief fifth thief half

　　w---v : new ---novel, innovate, renovate, novelty,

　　verb-word: win, victory, victorious, victim, convict, conviction, convince,

　　 wine wear wind worth way willing wash ware

　　 vine vest vent value voyage voluntary lavatory vessel

　　know-gno: knowledge, acknowledge, note, notice, noticeable, notify, notion, notorious, ignore,

　　ignorance, diagnosis, diagnose, recognize, cognition, science, scientific, science, conscious, conscience, acquaint, acquaintance,

　　log, loq(ue)-speak: logic, dialogue, catalogue, apology, analogy,

　　i----o : knit slit drip chip

　　 knot slot drop chop (100)

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五、同源词记忆

allow---allocate

anguish---anger

bear---birth

bend---bow

bind---bound---bond--- bundle---band

bite-----bitter

bloom---blossom

boom---bomb

break---brake

breed----brood

brim---brink

broad---breadth

burn----brand

catch----capture

curve---circle

dear---darling

deem---doom

deep----dip

dig----ditch

dive---duck—dip

doze---daze

drive---drift

drip---drop

drink---drown

dry----drain

dry----drought

elder---adult

example---sample

fail---fault

false---fake

fall---fell

fly----flee

float---flow---fleet

flow--flood

flower---flourish

fond---fun

freeze----frost---crust

fright---afraid

front---frontier

garden----yard

gild---gold

grass---graze

grief----grieve

heal---health

high---height--hill

hold----hand

hollow---hole---hell

honest---honor

hot---heat

hurry---hurricane

join---joint

knee---kneel

limb---limp, lame

lead---load

lean---loan

lie----low

liquor----liquid

lose----loss

stretch---straight

strike---stroke

study----student---studio

sweep---swift

swim---swan

talk---tale--tell

tie---tight

tip---top

trace---track  choose---choice

city---civil

clew---clue

cloth---clothes

bath---bathe

breath---breathe

canal---channel

carbon---coal

cloth---cloak

condemn---damn

cry--crow

cook---cake

couple---double

cue---clue

match---mate

matter---mass

meet---mate

maid----madame

major---mayor

master---majesty

mix----mingle

modern---model

mow---meadow

moon---month

nation----nation

near---neighbor

nourish---nurse

owe---own

pacify---peace----pacific

patch---piece

people---popular---public

poor---poverty

portray----portrait

praise---prize

rate---ratio

red---rust

ride---road

rise---raise

run---race

salt----sauce

see---sight

salt---sauce

saw---section

sea---salt

seek---sake

sew---seam

shade---shelter---shadow

short---shirt

sip---soup

sir---senior

sit----seat---site

shirt---skirt

sleep---slack

slow---sloth

smother---smoke

soak---suck

sorry---sorrow

speak----speech

trouble---turbulent

try---trial

vent---wind

wet---water

wear----vest

wheel---whirl

wrest---wrist

yellow---yolk

(270)

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四、有意义的字母组合：

　　st---不动，立：stand, stop, stay, state, station, stable, steady, establish, instance, standard, statistics,

　　statue, stereo, stare, static, stationary, stereotype, still, destination, destine, destiny, stone, stubborn, rest, install, staunch, constant, steel, stiff, obstacle, stale, stall, stain, stick, start, stun, startle, astonish, stupid, stuffy (40)

　　sti----刺，尖：stick, sticky, stimulate, stitch, instinct, sting, stir, (大纲全部)

　　fl----流动：flow, float, flu, flood, influence, fluctuate, fluid, flush, fluent, fleet, flute, flux, flag,

　　fl----闪动的光，植物：flash, flame, flare, flower, flourish

　　fl----空中的动作：fly, flee, flight, flap, flutter, fling

　　flat, flatter, flesh, flavor, flexible,（大纲全部）

　　gl---不动的光/亮：glance, glimpse, glare, glamour, glass, glorious, glory, glow, gloomy, gloss, glitter

　　gl, sl----滑动：glide, glove, globe, global, glue （大纲全部）

　　slip, slipper, slippery, slide, slit, slope, sledge, sly

　　cr---碎，裂：crack, crash, crisp, crush, crisis, critical, crazy, cracker, crumb

　　-ap----拟声：flap, clap, tap, slap, rap break----crash, clash, smash, splash,

　　-ump—笨重的动作：bump, thump, thumb, stumble, plump, hump, clumsy, dump, lump, slump, plumb,

　　-atter----细碎的动作：batter, chatter, clatter, shatter, scatter,

　　-ash-----猛烈的动作：flash, splash, clash, dash, slash, crash, smash,

　　-are----强烈的光：flare, glare, stare

　　sn----鼻子的出气声：sniff, sneeze, snore, snuff, snot

　　spr----传播，洒，喷：spread, sprinkle, spray

　　tw----二：two, between, twilight, twelve, twin, twice, twenty, twinkle

　　wr, tw----扭曲，卷绕：wrap, wreck, wreath, wrestle, wrench, wrinkle, wrist, wrong, wretched

　　sw-----水，洗：swim, sweat, sweater, swan, sweep, swing swift, sway, switch, sword, swarm

　　h---象征沉重：heavy, haste, hurry, heave, hop, hunt, hurl

　　i----表示小：mini-, sip, chick, chip, nibble, tiny, slip, slit, drip

　　m----象征低沉声：hum, moan, mumble, murmur, mutter

　　r----：表示粗糙、削利、重浊的声音：grunt, rattle, roar, cry, croak, creak, rumble, crunch, crack, scrape, rip, scream, scratch

　　s, z, sh----象征寂静和蛇等动物嗖艘爬的声音：hiss, brush, silence, rustle, snake, zip, buzz, hush, whisper

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三、常见词根及构词

　　pos = put 放置

　　pose, position, expose, exposure, compose, composition, propose, proposal, oppose,

　　opposition, impose, dispose, disposal, preposition

　　tract = draw 拉，抽，引

　　tractor, attract, attraction, attractive, distract, subtract, contract, abstract, drag, draw, straight, straighten, stretch

　　sec, sequ = follow 跟随

　　second, secondary, sequence, subsequent, consequence, consequently

　　vid, vis, vey, vy = see 看

　　visible, vision, visibility, invisible, visual, video, videophone, revise, revision, supervise, supervision, evident, evidence, visit

　　spect=look 看

　　spectator, spectacle, spectacular, prospect, inspect, inspection, expect, expectation, respect, respectable, respectful, respective, respected, suspect, suspicion, specific, despite

　　mob, mov, mot = move动

　　mobile, mobility, mobilize, automobile, motion, motive, motivate, motivation, motor, move, promote, promotion, emote, remote

　　ced, ceed, cess , gress = go, walk 行走

　　precede, proceed, procedure, process, exceed, excess, excessive, succeed, success, successful, succession, successive, successor, access, accessible, progress, congress, regress, aggressive

　　rupt=break破

　　bankrupt, interrupt, corrupt, disrupt, erupt

　　mini, min = small, little 小

　　miniskirt, minimize, minimum, minus, minute, minority, diminish

　　scrib, scrip 写，记，抄

　　describe, description, script, manuscript, prescribe, prescription

　　dict, dic = say 言，说

　　diction, dictionary, contradict, dictate, dictation, dictator, predict, prediction, predictable, indicate, verdict

　　miss, mit = send 投，送，发

　　mission, missile, dismiss, dismissal, transmit, transmission, emit, emission, promise, compromise, committee, commission

　　port = carry 拿，带，运

　　portable, import, export, transport, report, support

　　leg, legis 法

　　legal, legalize, illegal, legislate, legislation, legislature

　　solu, solv 洗，溶解

　　solution, solve, resolve, resolution, dissolve

　　press 压

　　impress, impression, express, suppress, depress

　　viv, vit=live活：

　　live, living, lively, survive, livelihood, alive, revive, vivid, vital, vitamin

　　count=number:

　　account, accountant, discount, number, numeral, numerous, innumerable

　　ag=act 行动，做：

　　action, exactly, react, interact, transact, radioactive, agent, agenda, agency,

　　fac(t)=make做，作，制造：

　　facility, factory, faculty, affect, defect, infect, perfect, efficient, fiction, artificial, proficiency, feasible

　　sign=mark记号，信号：

　　remark, signal, signature, design, designate, significance, resign

　　du, doub, coup=two二：

　　dual, double, doubtful, couple, dubious, duplicate, dual

　　spher=ball球：

　　balloon, ballot, hemisphere, atmosphere

　　popul, publ=people人：

　　popular, public, publicity, republic, publish, republican, population,

　　men, min=mind心灵，精神：

　　mind, remind, mention, mental, comment, memory, memorial, remember, commemorate

　　struct=build建造：

　　construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroy

　　fund, found=base基础：

　　basement, basis, foundation, profound, fund, refund, fundamental

　　part=divide分，分开：

　　dividend, individual, particle, participate, particular, partner, apart, counterpart, depart, impartial, department, party, apartment, compartment

　　pend,pens-hang悬挂：

　　dependent, independence, append, appendix, suspend, pension

　　duc(t)=lead引导：

　　conduct, deduct, misconduct, educate, induce, introduce, produce, reduce,

　　oper=work工作：

　　operate, cooperate, opera

　　ven,vent=come来：

　　venture, adventure, avenue, convention, invent, eventually, prevent, intervene

　　voc,vok=claim呼喊，叫喊，声音：

　　proclaim, reclaim, exclaim, advocate, provoke, vocal, voice,

　　sect=cut切，割：

　　section, segment, intersection, sector

　　grat, grac, gree=please高兴，感激：

　　grace, grateful, gratitude, congratulation, agree, agreeable, greet, pleasure, pleasant, disagree

　　vail, val=worth价值：

　　worth, worthy, worthwhile, available, prevail, value, valid, validity, valve, evaluate, equivalent

　　pel, peal, puls=drive驱动：

　　appeal, compel, compulsion, compulsory, propel, pulse, impulse　(320)

　　alter改变；aptitude能力；disastrous灾难的；banish放逐; combat战斗；calculate推算；excavate挖掘；accelerate加速；certify证明; coincide, concur同时发生；circulate循环，流通；declination倾斜，下垂；discord不和；durability耐久性；equilibrium平衡，均势; diffident缺乏自信的；domain领地; infinity无限性；afflict使苦恼，折磨；formulate构思，规划；fortify, reinforce加强; frigid寒冷的；fuse熔化，融合；geometry几何；congest拥塞，充满；degrade降级，堕落；heredity遗传；hinder阻碍；hydraulics水利学；transit转移；junction连接点；collaborate合作；elapse流逝; latitude纬度；alleviate减轻; magnify放大；manipulate操纵；submerge/immerse沉没；symmetry对称; eminent杰出的；negligible可以忽略的；notorious臭名昭著的；optimum最佳条件, demography

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二、常见词缀：

　　（一）前缀

　　位置：ex-, e-, extra-, over-，out-, under-; in-, im-, inter-, mid-; pre-, sub-, sug-, suf-, 　　　　sup-, super-, sur-, post-; tele-; trans-; cross-

　　大小多少：uni-, mono-, bi-, tri-, mini-, multi-, kilo-, micro-, macro-; semi-, hemi-; poly-,

　　否定意义：anti-； de-; di-, dif-, dis-； counter-, anti-, contra-; in-, im-, il-, ir-； mis-, mal-; un-; non-, pseudo-,

　　联想：col-, cor-, com-, con-; re-; vice

　　变动词: be-, en/em

　　其他：auto-, self-; bio-; by-, step-; ultra-

　　（二）后缀

　　表示人： -er, -ee, -eer, -or, -ar, -ian, -ent, -ant, -ist, -ese, -ess

　　学科：-ology, -ture, -ics

　　抽象意义----身份，状态，性质 -ity, -ship, -hood (加在名词后), -ness（加在形容词后）-th, -ure

　　行为：-ment, -ion, -tion, -ation, -sion, -age, -ance/-ence （加在动词后）

　　形容词后缀：-tive, -ous, ful/-less; able/ible, -ent, -ant; -ory, -ary; -like/ish; -ly; -y; -some; -ward

　　动词后缀: -ize, -fy, -ate, 等