2011年政府工作报告 温家宝总理 中英双语 政府工作报告

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政府工作报告
——2011年3月5日在第十一届全国人民代表大会第四次会议上
国务院总理　温家宝

REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT
Delivered at the Fourth Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2011
Wen Jiabao
Premier of the State Council

各位代表：

Fellow Deputies,

现在，我代表国务院，向大会作政府工作报告，请各位代表审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。

On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also invite the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) to submit comments and suggestions.

一、“十一五”时期国民经济和社会发展的回顾

I. Review of National Economic and Social Development During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period

“十一五”时期是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对国内外复杂形势和一系列重大风险挑战，中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民，全面推进改革开放和现代化建设，国家面貌发生了历史性变化。

The Eleventh Five-Year Plan period was a truly extraordinary time in the course of the country's development. In the face of complex domestic and international situations and a series of major risks and challenges, the Communist Party of China (CPC) united with and led the people of all the country's ethnic groups in comprehensively advancing reform, opening up and modernization, bringing about a historic change in China over the past five years.

——这五年，我国社会生产力、综合国力显著提高。我们有效应对国际金融危机冲击，保持经济平稳较快发展，胜利完成“十一五”规划的主要目标 和任务，国民经济迈上新的台阶。国内生产总值达到39.8万亿元，年均增长11.2%，财政收入从3.16万亿元增加到8.31万亿元。载人航天、探月工 程、超级计算机等前沿科技实现重大突破。国防和军队现代化建设取得重大成就。

- The country's productive forces and overall national strength improved significantly. We effectively warded off the impact of the global financial crisis, maintained steady and rapid economic development and fulfilled the major objectives and tasks of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and the economy scaled new heights. GDP grew at an average annual rate of 11.2% to reach 39.8 trillion yuan. Government revenue increased from 3.16 trillion yuan to 8.31 trillion yuan. Major breakthroughs were attained in cutting-edge science and technology such as the manned space mission, the lunar exploration program and supercomputers. Great progress was made in the modernization of national defense and the army.

——这五年，各项社会事业加快发展、人民生活明显改善。教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育事业全面进步。城镇新增就业5771万人，转移农业劳动力4500万人；城镇居民人均可支配收入和农村居民人均纯收入年均分别实际增长9.7%和8.9%；覆盖城乡的社会保障体系逐步健全。

- Progress in all social programs accelerated and people's lives improved significantly. Comprehensive progress was made in education, science and technology, culture, public health and sports programs. The number of new urban jobs increased by 57.71 million, and 45 million agricultural workers found urban employment. The per capita disposable income of urban residents rose by an annual average of 9.7% and the per capita net income of rural residents by 8.9% in real terms. The social security system covering both urban and rural areas was progressively refined.

——这五年，改革开放取得重大进展。重点领域和关键环节改革实现新突破，社会主义市场经济体制更加完善。去年对外贸易总额达到2.97万亿美元，开放型经济水平快速提升。

- Major progress was made in reform and opening up. New breakthroughs were achieved in crucial areas and key links of reform, and the socialist market economy further improved. Last year, total foreign trade volume reached US$ 2.97 trillion and the openness of the economy increased rapidly.

——这五年，我国国际地位和影响力显著提高。我们在国际事务中发挥重要的建设性作用，有力维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，全方位外交取得重大进展。我们成功举办北京奥运会、上海世博会，实现了中华民族的百年梦想。

- China's international prestige and influence grew significantly. We played an important and constructive role in international affairs; effectively safeguarded our national sovereignty, security and development interests; and made major progress in our all-around diplomacy. We successfully hosted the Beijing Olympics and Shanghai World Expo, thus fulfilling dreams the Chinese nation had cherished for a century.

这些辉煌成就，充分显示了中国特色社会主义的优越性，展现了改革开放的伟大力量，极大增强了全国各族人民的自信心和自豪感，增强了中华民族的凝聚力和向心力，必将激励我们在新的历史征程上奋勇前进。

These brilliant achievements clearly show the advantages of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the great power of reform and opening up. They greatly increased the confidence and pride of our people of all ethnic groups, strengthened the cohesiveness of the Chinese nation, and inspired us to forge ahead on our historic course.

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五年来，我们主要做了以下工作：

The following are our main accomplishments over the past five years:

（一）加强和改善宏观调控，促进经济平稳较快发展。

1. Strengthening and improving macro-control, and spurring steady and rapid economic development

我们注重把握宏观调控的方向、重点和力度，牢牢掌握经济工作的主动权。“十一五”前期，针对投资增长过快、贸易顺差过大、流动性过剩，以及 结构性、输入性物价上涨等问题，采取正确的政策措施，有效防止了苗头性问题演变成趋势性问题、局部性问题演变成全局性问题。近两年，面对百年罕见的国际金 融危机冲击，我们沉着应对，科学决策，果断实行积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策。坚持实施一揽子计划，大规模增加政府支出和实行结构性减税，大范围实 施重点产业调整振兴规划，大力推进自主创新和加强科技支撑，大幅度提高社会保障水平。坚持扩大内需的战略方针，采取鼓励消费的一系列政策措施，增加城乡居 民特别是低收入群众收入，消费规模持续扩大，结构不断升级。实施两年新增４万亿元的投资计划，其中，新增中央投资1.18万亿元。保障性安居工程、农村民 生工程和社会事业投资占43.7%，自主创新、结构调整、节能减排和生态建设占15.3%，重大基础设施建设占23.6%，灾后恢复重建占14.8%。政 府投资引导带动社会投资，国内需求大幅增加，有效弥补外需缺口，较短时间内扭转经济增速下滑趋势，在世界率先实现回升向好，既战胜了特殊困难、有力地保障 和改善了民生，又为长远发展奠定了坚实基础。

We paid close attention to the orientation, focus and strength of macro-control and kept a firm grasp on the initiative in our economic work. In the early stages of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we adopted correct policies and measures to address overheated investment growth, the excessive trade surplus, excess liquidity, and structural and imported inflation; effectively prevented emerging problems from evolving into trends; and prevented problems in any one area from becoming general problems. In the last two years, we responded coolly to the impact of the global financial crisis - a crisis of a severity seldom seen in the last century, made decisions scientifically and resolutely followed a proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy. We steadfastly implemented a multi-point plan, greatly increased government spending and made structural tax reductions, carried out the plan for restructuring and reinvigorating key industries on a large scale, vigorously promoted innovation and increased support for work in science and technology, and substantially increased social security benefits. We steadfastly followed a strategy of expanding domestic demand; adopted policies and measures to encourage consumer spending; and increased urban and rural incomes, particularly for low-income people. As a result, consumer spending grew steadily and its structure constantly improved. We carried out a two-year investment plan to increase spending by 4 trillion yuan, including 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government. Of this amount, 43.7% was invested in low-income housing projects, projects to improve the wellbeing of rural residents, and social programs; 15.3% in innovation, restructuring, energy conservation, emissions reductions and ecological improvement; 23.6% in major infrastructure projects; and 14.8% in post-Wenchuan earthquake recovery and reconstruction. Government spending guided and drove nongovernmental investment, greatly increased domestic demand and effectively compensated for weak external demand. This helped to reverse the slowdown in economic growth in a relatively short time and make the Chinese economy the first in the world to pick up again. In this way, we not only got over the hard times and ensured and improved the wellbeing of the people, but also laid a firm foundation for long-term development.

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（二）毫不放松地做好“三农”工作，巩固和加强农业基础。

2. Striving to do our work related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers well, and consolidating and strengthening the agricultural foundation

中央财政“三农”投入累计近3万亿元，年均增幅超过23%。彻底取消农业税和各种收费，结束了农民种田交税的历史，每年减轻农民负担超过 1335亿元。建立种粮农民补贴制度和主产区利益补偿机制，农民的生产补贴资金去年达到1226亿元。对重点粮食品种实行最低收购价和临时收储政策，小 麦、稻谷最低收购价提高了25%到40%。严格保护耕地。着力推进农业科技进步。粮食产量屡创历史新高，去年达到54641万吨，连续7年增产；农民人均 纯收入达到5919元，实现持续较快增长。农村综合改革稳步推进，集体林权制度改革、国有农场管理体制改革全面推开。农业农村基础设施加快建设，完成 7356座大中型和重点小型水库除险加固，解决2.15亿农村人口饮水安全问题，农民的日子越过越好，农村发展进入一个新时代。

Central government spending on agriculture, rural areas, and farmers totaled nearly 3 trillion yuan and grew at an average annual rate of more than 23%. Agricultural tax and various government charges were totally abolished, thereby ending the history of farmers paying taxes on the crops they grow and easing their annual burden by more than 133.5 billion yuan. We set up a subsidy system for grain growers and a benefit subsidy system for major growing areas, and paid out 122.6 billion yuan in production subsidies to grain growers last year. Minimum purchase prices and temporary purchase and storage policies were put in place for key grain varieties, and the minimum purchase prices for wheat and rice were raised by between 25% and 40%. We rigorously safeguarded arable land. We worked hard to make advances in agricultural science and technology. New record highs were set for grain production, which reached 5.4641 trillion tons last year, the seventh consecutive yearly increase. The per capita net income of farmers continued to grow rapidly and reached 5,919 yuan. We made steady progress with comprehensive reforms in the countryside and fully implemented the reform of tenure in collective forests and the system for managing state-owned farms. We accelerated agricultural and rural infrastructure development. We finished reinforcing 7,356 large and medium-sized reservoirs and key small reservoirs and ensured the safety of drinking water for 215 million rural residents. Farmers' lives constantly improved and rural development entered a new era.

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（三）大力推进经济结构调整，提高经济增长质量和效益。

3. Strongly promoting economic restructuring and improving the quality and performance of economic growth

一是加快产业结构调整和自主创新。积极推进企业技术改造和兼并重组，工业特别是装备制造业总体水平和竞争力明显提高。战略性新兴产业迅速成 长。加快建设国家创新体系，实施知识创新工程和技术创新工程，突破了一批产业发展急需的前沿技术、核心技术和关键装备技术，一大批科研成果实现了产业化。 服务业快速发展，在国内生产总值中占比提高2.5个百分点。基础设施建设明显加快，五年建成铁路新线1.6万公里，新增公路63.9万公里，其中高速公路 3.3万公里，新建、改扩建机场33个，新建和加固堤防1.7万公里。

First, we accelerated industrial restructuring and innovation. We vigorously carried out technological upgrading in enterprises and enterprise mergers and reorganizations, which noticeably raised the overall level and competitiveness of Chinese industries, particularly equipment manufacturing. Strategic emerging industries grew rapidly. We accelerated the development of the national innovation system; carried out knowledge innovation projects and technology innovation projects; and made breakthroughs in urgently needed cutting-edge technologies, core technologies and key equipment technologies. A large number of research results have been applied in industrial production. The service industry developed quickly and the proportion it contributes to GDP rose by 2.5 percentage points. We greatly accelerated infrastructure development. We expanded the railway system by 16,000 km over the past five years and the road system by 639,000 km, including 33,000 km of expressways. We built, improved or expanded 33 airports and built or reinforced 17,000 km of dykes.

二是扎实推进节能减排、生态建设和环境保护。提出到2020年我国控制温室气体排放行动目标和政策措施，制定实施节能减排综合性工作方案。 大力发展清洁能源，新增发电装机容量4.45亿千瓦，其中水电9601万千瓦、核电384万千瓦。关停小火电机组7210万千瓦，淘汰了一批落后的煤炭、 钢铁、水泥、焦炭产能。推进林业重点生态工程建设，完成造林2529万公顷。综合治理水土流失面积23万平方公里，加强重点流域水污染防治、大气污染防治 和工业“三废”治理。大力发展循环经济。五年累计，单位国内生产总值能耗下降19.1%，化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放量分别下降12.45%、 14.29%。

Second, we made genuine progress in energy conservation, emissions reduction, ecological improvement and environmental protection. We formulated policies, measures and national objectives for controlling greenhouse gas emissions by 2020 and drew up a comprehensive work plan for conserving energy and reducing emissions. We vigorously developed clean energy. New power generating units with a capacity of 445 million kW were put on line, including hydropower plants with 96.01 million kW capacity and nuclear power plants with 3.84 million kW capacity. We decommissioned small thermal power plants with a capacity of 72.1 million kW and eliminated a number of outdated coal, steel, cement and coke production facilities. We made progress on key ecological forestry projects, and afforested a total of 25.29 million hectares. We applied a combination of approaches to control soil erosion on 230,000 km2 of land, and strengthened efforts to control water and air pollution in key watersheds, prevent and control air pollution and control industrial wastewater, waste gases and residues. We strongly promoted the development of the circular economy. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell 19.1%, chemical oxygen demand by 12.45% and sulfur dioxide emissions by 14.29%.

三是促进区域经济协调发展。落实区域发展总体战略，颁布实施全国主体功能区规划，制定西部大开发新十年指导意见和一系列区域发展规划，推出 促进西藏和四省藏区、新疆等民族地区跨越式发展的新举措。中西部和东北地区发展加快，经济增速等主要指标超过全国平均水平；东部地区经济结构不断优化，自 主创新和竞争力逐步提高；地区间基本公共服务差距趋于缩小，各具特色的区域发展格局初步形成。

Third, we worked to balance regional economic development. We implemented a master strategy for regional development, issued and implemented the national plan for development priority zones; formulated new 10-year guidelines for the large-scale development of the western region and a number of regional development plans; and introduced new measures to stimulate development by leaps and bounds in Tibet, Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, Xinjiang and other ethnic minority areas. Development accelerated in the central and western regions and northeast China, and their economic growth rates and other main economic indicators were higher than the national average. The economic structure of the eastern region constantly improved, and its innovativeness and competitiveness gradually increased. Discrepancies in levels of basic public services among regions were decreasing, and the development of each region was taking on unique characteristics.

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（四）坚定不移深化改革开放，增强经济社会发展内在活力。

4. Determinedly working to deepen reform and opening up, and strengthening the internal vitality of economic and social development

财政转移支付制度逐步完善，县级基本财力保障机制初步建立。增值税转型全面实施，成品油价格和税费改革顺利推进，资源税改革启动试点，内外 资企业税制全面统一。国有大型商业银行股份制改革顺利完成，政策性金融机构改革、农村信用社改革积极推进；平稳解决上市公司股权分置问题，创业板、股指期 货和融资融券顺利推出，债券市场稳步发展；深入推进保险业改革开放；人民币汇率形成机制改革有序推进，跨境贸易人民币结算试点不断扩大。国有企业公司制股 份制改革、国有资产监管体制改革取得积极进展。邮政体制改革加快推进。制定实施促进中小企业发展和民间投资的一系列政策，非公有制经济发展环境不断改善， 多种所有制经济共同发展。

We gradually improved the system of transfer payments and set up a rudimentary mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments. We comprehensively carried out VAT reform. The reform of prices of refined oil products and related taxes and fees was implemented smoothly. Trials were launched for the reform of resource taxes, and the corporate tax systems for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises were unified. The reform to convert large state-owned commercial banks to stockholding companies was smoothly completed, and the reform of policy-based financial institutions and rural credit cooperatives is well underway. We steadily resolved the issue of floating non-tradable shares of listed companies; successfully launched the ChiNext stock market; and introduced stock index futures and securities margin trading. The market for government bonds developed steadily. We deepened the reform and opening up of the insurance industry. Orderly progress was made in reforming the mechanism for setting the RMB exchange rate, and the trials of settling cross-border trade accounts in RMB were constantly expanded. Positive progress was made in the reform to turn state-owned enterprises (SOEs) into stockholding corporations and the reform of the system for managing and overseeing state assets. We accelerated reform of the postal system. A series of policies were formulated and implemented to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and encourage nongovernmental investment, the environment for the development of the non-public sector of the economy constantly improved, and economic entities under diverse forms of ownership developed side by side.

不断拓展对外开放的广度和深度。进出口总额年均增长15.9%，结构不断优化。贸易顺差连续两年下降，2010年比上年减少6.4%。利用 外资水平进一步提高。企业“走出去”步伐明显加快，累计对外直接投资2200亿美元，对外工程承包和劳务合作营业额3352亿美元。积极参与全球经济治理 机制改革和区域合作机制建设，多边、双边经贸合作继续深化。对外援助规模持续扩大。对外开放有力促进了经济发展和结构调整，增加了就业，吸收了先进技术和 管理经验，大大提高了我国的国际地位。

The breadth and depth of our openness to the outside world constantly increased. Total import and export volume grew by an average annual rate of 15.9%, and the structure of imports and exports constantly improved. Our trade surplus decreased for two consecutive years, and the year-on-year decrease was 6.4% in 2010. The utilization of foreign capital further improved. The pace of enterprises "going global" increased noticeably: outward foreign direct investment reached $220 billion and the total volume of contracts to build foreign projects and provide overseas labor services reached $335.2 billion. We energetically participated in the reform of global economic governance and the development of mechanisms for regional cooperation, and our multilateral and bilateral economic and trade cooperation continued to deepen. The scale of our foreign aid continued to grow. Opening to the outside world strongly stimulated economic development and restructuring, increased employment, attracted advanced technology and managerial expertise, and greatly improved China's international standing.

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（五）加快发展社会事业，切实保障和改善民生。

5. Accelerating the development of social undertakings and genuinely ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing

始终坚持经济发展与社会发展相协调，围绕改善民生谋发展。把就业放在经济社会发展的优先位置。加强职业培训和就业服务，促进高校毕业生、农 村转移劳动力、城镇就业困难人员就业，做好退役军人就业安置工作。实施劳动合同法和就业促进法，普遍提高最低工资标准，推动建立和谐劳动关系。覆盖城乡的 社会保障体系建设取得突破性进展，城镇职工基本养老保险实现省级统筹，实施养老保险关系跨省转移接续办法，连续7年提高企业退休人员基本养老金水平，年均 增长10%，新型农村社会养老保险试点覆盖24%的县。积极稳妥推进医药卫生体制改革，全面建立城镇居民基本医疗保险制度、新型农村合作医疗制度，惠及 12.67亿城乡居民。最低生活保障制度实现全覆盖，城乡社会救助体系基本建立，社会福利、优抚安置、慈善和残疾人事业取得新进展。全国社会保障基金积累 7810亿元，比五年前增加5800多亿元。大力实施保障性住房建设和棚户区改造，使1100万户困难家庭住上了新房。我们要持之以恒，努力让全体人民老 有所养、病有所医、住有所居。

We constantly worked to keep economic development in line with social development, and plan development with a view to improving the wellbeing of the people. We gave high priority to employment in economic and social development. We improved vocational training and employment services; helped college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents who have difficulty finding jobs to find employment; and helped ex-soldiers find jobs and settle down. We implemented the Labor Contract Law and the Law on Promoting Employment, raised minimum wages, and promoted harmonious labor relations. We achieved breakthroughs in the development of the social security system for both urban and rural residents; basic pension insurance for urban workers was put under unified planning at the provincial level; a method was devised to transfer pension insurance coverage for workers moving to other provinces; and there was an average 10% increase per year over the last seven years in the basic pension for enterprise retirees. In addition, the trial of a new type of pension insurance for rural residents has been extended to 24% of all counties. We actively yet prudently carried out the reform of the pharmaceutical and healthcare systems, and completed a basic medical insurance system for non-working urban residents and a new rural cooperative medical care system, which benefit 1.267 billion urban and rural residents. We achieved complete coverage of the subsistence allowance system; basically put in place an urban-rural government assistance program; and made continued progress in programs related to social welfare, preferential treatment and arrangements for entitled groups, charities, and people who are physically or mentally handicapped. Moreover, the national social security fund now stands at 781 billion yuan, over 580 billion yuan more than five years ago. We devoted great efforts to constructing low-income housing and redeveloping run-down areas, and as a result, 11 million poor households were able to move into new homes. We worked tirelessly to ensure everyone has access to old-age care, medical treatment, and housing.

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制定和实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。五年全国财政教育支出累计4.45万亿元，年均增长22.4%。全面实现城乡免费义务教育，所有适龄儿童都 能“不花钱、有学上”。义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度全面实施。中等职业教育对农村经济困难家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉农专业的学生实行免费。加快实施国家 助学制度，财政投入从2006年的18亿元增加到2010年的306亿元，覆盖面从高等学校扩大到中等职业学校和普通高中，共资助学生2130万名，还为 1200多万名义务教育寄宿生提供生活补助。加快农村中小学危房改造和职业教育基础设施建设。全面提高高等教育质量和水平，增强高校创新能力。制定并实施 国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，中央财政科技投入6197亿元，年均增长22.7%，取得了一系列重大成果。大力加强基层医疗卫生服务能力建设。国家 财政安排专项资金，改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院，建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。 制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快，文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科 学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快，全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进，“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会 管理，社会保持和谐稳定。

We formulated and implemented the National Medium-and Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development. Government spending on education nationwide totaled 4.45 trillion yuan, and grew at an average annual rate of 22.4%. We made urban and rural compulsory education free so that all children of school age can receive an education at no cost. We fully implemented the system that links the salaries of teachers in compulsory education to their performance. Secondary vocational education was made free for students from poverty-stricken rural households and low-income urban households and students whose majors are related to agriculture. We accelerated the implementation of the government financial aid system for students, and government investment increased from 1.8 billion yuan in 2006 to 30.6 billion yuan in 2010. The system was expanded from institutions of higher learning to secondary vocational schools and regular senior secondary schools, and has helped fund the education of 21.3 million students and provided living expenses for over 12 million students living on campus while receiving compulsory education. We accelerated the renovation of dilapidated primary and secondary school buildings in rural areas and the development of vocational education infrastructure. We improved the overall quality of higher education, and enhanced the innovation capacity of colleges and universities. We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development. The central government allocated 619.7 billion yuan for science and technology, an average annual increase of 22.7%, which resulted in a series of major achievements. Great efforts were made to improve the services provided by community-based medical and health care facilities. A special fund was included in the state budget to renovate or build 23,000 town and township hospitals, 1,500 county hospitals, 500 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, and 1,000 county maternity and childcare hospitals, as well as to build 2,400 community health service centers. We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Human Resource Development. We smoothly attained population planning objectives. Important progress was made in the reform of the cultural management system. Development of the system of public cultural services noticeably accelerated, and the culture industry developed vigorously. Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, and literature and art all flourished and advanced. The construction of urban and rural public sports and exercise facilities was accelerated, and the national fitness program has taken root. We comprehensively improved the legal system and smoothly implemented the fifth five-year plan to educate the public about the law. We made innovations in and strengthened the administration of society and maintained social harmony and stability.

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抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利，汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成，玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼，中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强，中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。

We won major victories in the fight against the Wenchuan earthquake and other natural disasters. The post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction work in Wenchuan was basically completed in two years instead of the scheduled three, and recovery and reconstruction work following the strong Yushu earthquake and major mudslide in Zhugqu is proceeding in an orderly manner. Passing these severe tests made the Chinese people more mature, more confident and stronger, and the great, indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese nation is invincible.

五年来，我们不断深化行政管理体制改革，加快转变政府职能，全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革，深入推进依法行政，建设法治政府和服务型政府，推进政务公开，加强行政问责，坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争，政府自身建设取得积极进展。

We constantly deepened reform of the administrative system. We accelerated the transformation of government functions, completed a new round of reforms of government agencies, intensively carried out administration in accordance with the law, developed law-based government, made the government more service-oriented, made government affairs more open, improved the administrative accountability system, tirelessly combated corruption, and made positive progress in government capacity building.

过去五年，我们是一步一个脚印走过来的，中国人民有理由为此感到自豪！五年的成绩来之不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央总揽全局、正 确领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民共同努力奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香 港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！

We worked steadily and made solid progress, and the Chinese people have every reason to take pride in this. Our achievements did not come easily. They were made thanks to the broad vision and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary and the concerted efforts of the Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country. On behalf of the State Council, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the people of all ethnic groups, all democratic parties and mass organizations, and people from all walks of life. In addition, I would like to express my thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and overseas Chinese. Finally, my sincere thanks go to the governments of other countries, international organizations and friends from around the world who care for and support China's modernization.

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我们清醒地认识到，我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是：经济增长的资源环境约束强化，投资与消费关系失衡，收入分 配差距较大，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展不协调，就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存，制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然 较多；服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。一些群众反映强烈的问题没有根本解决，主要是：优 质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均；物价上涨压力加大，部分城市房价涨幅过高；违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多；食品安全问题比较突出；一些领域腐败 现象严重。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，通过艰苦细致的工作和坚持不懈的努力，加快解决这些问题，让人民满意！

We are keenly aware that we still have a serious problem in that our development is not yet well balanced, coordinated or sustainable. This manifests itself mainly in the following: growing resource and environmental constraints hindering economic growth, imbalance between investment and consumption, large income gap, insufficient scientific and technological innovation capabilities, an irrational industrial structure, continued weakness in the agricultural foundation, uneven development between urban and rural areas and between regions, the coexistence of overall pressure to expand employment and structural shortage of qualified personnel in some industries, defects in systems and mechanisms that hinder scientific development, and our failure to meet three targets set in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan - the value-added of the service sector, its share in total employment, and spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP. Moreover, we have not yet fundamentally solved a number of issues that the masses feel strongly about, namely the lack of high-quality educational and medical resources, and their uneven distribution; increasing upward pressure on prices, and exorbitant housing price increases in some cities; increasing social problems resulting from illegal land expropriations and housing demolitions; significant problems concerning food safety; and rampant corruption in some areas. We must therefore have a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and the people and work tirelessly and painstakingly to solve these problems more quickly to the satisfaction of the people.

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回顾“十一五”时期的政府工作，我们进一步加深了以下几个方面的认识和体会。

Looking back at the government' s work during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we have deepened our understanding and awareness in several areas.

一是必须坚持科学发展。我们战胜各种严峻挑战，靠的是发展；各领域取得的一切成就和进步，靠的是发展；解决前进道路上的困难和问题，仍然要 靠发展。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，必须坚持以经济建设为中心，坚持科学发展。要以人为本，把保障和改善民生作为一切工作的出发点和落脚 点，坚定不移走共同富裕道路，使发展成果惠及全体人民；坚持统筹兼顾，促进城乡、区域、经济社会协调发展；加快转变经济发展方式，大力推进自主创新，节约 资源和保护环境，使经济社会发展与人口资源环境相协调，提高发展的全面性、协调性和可持续性。

First, we must steadfastly undertake scientific development. We have relied on development to overcome all types of severe challenges, and all our achievements and progress in every area come from development. We must therefore continue to rely on development to resolve the difficulties and problems on the road ahead. China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, so we must continue to take economic development as our central task and pursue scientific development. We need to put people first, make ensuring and improving their wellbeing the starting point and goal of all our work, unwaveringly work for prosperity for all and ensure that everyone shares in the fruits of development. We need to steadfastly take all factors into consideration, and coordinate urban and rural development, regional development, and economic and social development. We need to accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development; strongly promote innovation; conserve resources and protect the environment; ensure that economic and social development is coordinated with our population, resources and environment; and make development more comprehensive, balanced and sustainable.

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二是必须坚持政府调控与市场机制有机统一。健全的市场机制，有效的宏观调控，都是社会主义市场经济体制不可或缺的重要组成部分。市场作用多 一些还是政府作用多一些，必须相机抉择。在应对国际金融危机冲击中，我们加强和改善宏观调控，及时纠正市场扭曲，弥补市场失灵，防止经济出现大的起落，实 践证明是完全正确的。我们必须不断完善社会主义市场经济体制，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，激发经济的内在活力，同时，科学运用宏观调控手段， 促进经济长期平稳较快发展。

Second, we must continue to closely integrate government control with market forces. Sound market forces and effective macro-control are both indispensable parts of the socialist market economy. We must be guided by realities in deciding when market forces are to play the greater role and when government control is to play the greater role. In responding to the impact of the global financial crisis, we tightened and improved macro-control, quickly corrected market distortions, remedied market failures and prevented serious economic fluctuations. All the measures we took have proven to be entirely correct. We must constantly improve the socialist market economy, and make full use of the basic role of the market in allocating resources to stimulate the internal vitality of the economy while using macro-control tools scientifically to promote long-term, steady and rapid economic development.

三是必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局。在经济全球化深入发展和对外开放不断深化的条件下，我国经济同世界经济的联系日益紧密，互动和依存不断 增强。必须树立世界眼光，加强战略思维，善于从国际形势发展变化中充分把握发展机遇，稳妥应对风险挑战，利用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源，统筹处理好国 内发展与对外开放关系，真正做到内外兼顾、均衡发展。

Third, we must consider the overall domestic and international situations. As economic globalization intensifies and China' s opening up constantly deepens, our economy is becoming linked ever more closely to the world economy and the two are constantly interacting and becoming more interdependent. We must adopt a global perspective, strengthen our strategic thinking, be proficient at recognizing development opportunities presented by changes in the international situation, respond prudently to risks and challenges, make good use of both domestic and international markets and resources, correctly balance domestic development and our degree of openness to the outside world, and truly take into consideration both domestic and external demand to achieve balanced development.

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四是必须坚持把改革开放作为经济社会发展的根本动力。改革开放是实现国家强盛、人民幸福的必由之路，必须贯穿社会主义现代化建设全过程。我 们要以更大的决心和勇气推进改革，提高改革决策的科学性，增强改革措施的协调性，全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等各方面改革创新，从根本上破除体制机制 障碍，最大限度解放和发展生产力，促进社会公平正义。要坚持把改善人民生活作为正确处理改革发展稳定关系的结合点，把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受 的程度统一起来，以改革促进和谐稳定，确保人民安居乐业、社会安宁有序、国家长治久安。

Fourth, we must steadfastly use reform and opening up to provide the basic driving force for economic and social development. The only way to make the country strong and prosperous and to ensure the people's happiness is through reform and opening up, and we must implement them throughout the course of socialist modernization. We need to be more resolute and courageous in carrying out reform, and make reform decisions more scientific and reform measures better coordinated. We need to comprehensively carry out economic, political, cultural and social reforms and innovations; eradicate obstacles embedded in systems and mechanisms; fully liberate and develop the productive forces; and promote social fairness and justice. We must make improving the people's lives a pivot linking reform, development and stability; consider the intensity of reforms and the speed of development in light of the ability of society to accept changes; promote harmony and stability through reform; and make sure that people are content with their lives and jobs, society is tranquil and orderly, and the country enjoys long-term peace and stability.
制定和实施国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要。五年全国财政教育支出累计4.45万亿元，年均增长22.4%。全面实现城乡免费义务教育，所有适龄儿童都 能“不花钱、有学上”。义务教育阶段教师绩效工资制度全面实施。中等职业教育对农村经济困难家庭、城市低收入家庭和涉农专业的学生实行免费。加快实施国家 助学制度，财政投入从2006年的18亿元增加到2010年的306亿元，覆盖面从高等学校扩大到中等职业学校和普通高中，共资助学生2130万名，还为 1200多万名义务教育寄宿生提供生活补助。加快农村中小学危房改造和职业教育基础设施建设。全面提高高等教育质量和水平，增强高校创新能力。制定并实施 国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要，中央财政科技投入6197亿元，年均增长22.7%，取得了一系列重大成果。大力加强基层医疗卫生服务能力建设。国家 财政安排专项资金，改造和新建2.3万所乡镇卫生院、1500所县医院、500所县中医院和1000所县妇幼保健院，建立了2400所社区卫生服务中心。 制定并实施国家中长期人才发展规划纲要。人口规划目标顺利实现。文化体制改革取得重要进展。公共文化服务体系建设明显加快，文化产业蓬勃发展。哲学社会科 学和新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术繁荣进步。城乡公共体育设施建设加快，全民健身活动蔚然成风。法制建设全面推进，“五五”普法顺利完成。创新和加强社会 管理，社会保持和谐稳定。

We formulated and implemented the National Medium-and Long-Term Plan for Education Reform and Development. Government spending on education nationwide totaled 4.45 trillion yuan, and grew at an average annual rate of 22.4%. We made urban and rural compulsory education free so that all children of school age can receive an education at no cost. We fully implemented the system that links the salaries of teachers in compulsory education to their performance. Secondary vocational education was made free for students from poverty-stricken rural households and low-income urban households and students whose majors are related to agriculture. We accelerated the implementation of the government financial aid system for students, and government investment increased from 1.8 billion yuan in 2006 to 30.6 billion yuan in 2010. The system was expanded from institutions of higher learning to secondary vocational schools and regular senior secondary schools, and has helped fund the education of 21.3 million students and provided living expenses for over 12 million students living on campus while receiving compulsory education. We accelerated the renovation of dilapidated primary and secondary school buildings in rural areas and the development of vocational education infrastructure. We improved the overall quality of higher education, and enhanced the innovation capacity of colleges and universities. We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Scientific and Technological Development. The central government allocated 619.7 billion yuan for science and technology, an average annual increase of 22.7%, which resulted in a series of major achievements. Great efforts were made to improve the services provided by community-based medical and health care facilities. A special fund was included in the state budget to renovate or build 23,000 town and township hospitals, 1,500 county hospitals, 500 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, and 1,000 county maternity and childcare hospitals, as well as to build 2,400 community health service centers. We formulated and implemented the National Medium- and Long-Term Plan for Human Resource Development. We smoothly attained population planning objectives. Important progress was made in the reform of the cultural management system. Development of the system of public cultural services noticeably accelerated, and the culture industry developed vigorously. Philosophy and the social sciences, the press and publishing, radio, film and television, and literature and art all flourished and advanced. The construction of urban and rural public sports and exercise facilities was accelerated, and the national fitness program has taken root. We comprehensively improved the legal system and smoothly implemented the fifth five-year plan to educate the public about the law. We made innovations in and strengthened the administration of society and maintained social harmony and stability.

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抗击汶川特大地震等严重自然灾害的斗争取得重大胜利，汶川灾后恢复重建三年任务两年基本完成，玉树强烈地震和舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾后恢复重建有序推进。经过灾难的洗礼，中国人民更加成熟、自信、坚强，中华民族百折不挠、自强不息的伟大精神不可战胜。

We won major victories in the fight against the Wenchuan earthquake and other natural disasters. The post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction work in Wenchuan was basically completed in two years instead of the scheduled three, and recovery and reconstruction work following the strong Yushu earthquake and major mudslide in Zhugqu is proceeding in an orderly manner. Passing these severe tests made the Chinese people more mature, more confident and stronger, and the great, indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese nation is invincible.

五年来，我们不断深化行政管理体制改革，加快转变政府职能，全面完成了新一轮政府机构改革，深入推进依法行政，建设法治政府和服务型政府，推进政务公开，加强行政问责，坚持不懈地开展反腐败斗争，政府自身建设取得积极进展。

We constantly deepened reform of the administrative system. We accelerated the transformation of government functions, completed a new round of reforms of government agencies, intensively carried out administration in accordance with the law, developed law-based government, made the government more service-oriented, made government affairs more open, improved the administrative accountability system, tirelessly combated corruption, and made positive progress in government capacity building.

过去五年，我们是一步一个脚印走过来的，中国人民有理由为此感到自豪！五年的成绩来之不易。这是以胡锦涛同志为总书记的党中央总揽全局、正 确领导的结果，是全党全国各族人民共同努力奋斗的结果。在这里，我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢！向香 港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢！向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢！

We worked steadily and made solid progress, and the Chinese people have every reason to take pride in this. Our achievements did not come easily. They were made thanks to the broad vision and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary and the concerted efforts of the Party and the people of all ethnic groups across the country. On behalf of the State Council, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the people of all ethnic groups, all democratic parties and mass organizations, and people from all walks of life. In addition, I would like to express my thanks to our compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and in Taiwan, and overseas Chinese. Finally, my sincere thanks go to the governments of other countries, international organizations and friends from around the world who care for and support China's modernization.

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我们清醒地认识到，我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题依然突出。主要是：经济增长的资源环境约束强化，投资与消费关系失衡，收入分 配差距较大，科技创新能力不强，产业结构不合理，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展不协调，就业总量压力和结构性矛盾并存，制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然 较多；服务业增加值和就业比重、研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值比重没有完成“十一五”规划目标。一些群众反映强烈的问题没有根本解决，主要是：优 质教育、医疗资源总量不足、分布不均；物价上涨压力加大，部分城市房价涨幅过高；违法征地拆迁等引发的社会矛盾增多；食品安全问题比较突出；一些领域腐败 现象严重。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，通过艰苦细致的工作和坚持不懈的努力，加快解决这些问题，让人民满意！

We are keenly aware that we still have a serious problem in that our development is not yet well balanced, coordinated or sustainable. This manifests itself mainly in the following: growing resource and environmental constraints hindering economic growth, imbalance between investment and consumption, large income gap, insufficient scientific and technological innovation capabilities, an irrational industrial structure, continued weakness in the agricultural foundation, uneven development between urban and rural areas and between regions, the coexistence of overall pressure to expand employment and structural shortage of qualified personnel in some industries, defects in systems and mechanisms that hinder scientific development, and our failure to meet three targets set in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan - the value-added of the service sector, its share in total employment, and spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP. Moreover, we have not yet fundamentally solved a number of issues that the masses feel strongly about, namely the lack of high-quality educational and medical resources, and their uneven distribution; increasing upward pressure on prices, and exorbitant housing price increases in some cities; increasing social problems resulting from illegal land expropriations and housing demolitions; significant problems concerning food safety; and rampant corruption in some areas. We must therefore have a strong sense of responsibility toward the country and the people and work tirelessly and painstakingly to solve these problems more quickly to the satisfaction of the people.

回顾“十一五”时期的政府工作，我们进一步加深了以下几个方面的认识和体会。

Looking back at the government' s work during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, we have deepened our understanding and awareness in several areas.

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一是必须坚持科学发展。我们战胜各种严峻挑战，靠的是发展；各领域取得的一切成就和进步，靠的是发展；解决前进道路上的困难和问题，仍然要 靠发展。我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，必须坚持以经济建设为中心，坚持科学发展。要以人为本，把保障和改善民生作为一切工作的出发点和落脚 点，坚定不移走共同富裕道路，使发展成果惠及全体人民；坚持统筹兼顾，促进城乡、区域、经济社会协调发展；加快转变经济发展方式，大力推进自主创新，节约 资源和保护环境，使经济社会发展与人口资源环境相协调，提高发展的全面性、协调性和可持续性。

First, we must steadfastly undertake scientific development. We have relied on development to overcome all types of severe challenges, and all our achievements and progress in every area come from development. We must therefore continue to rely on development to resolve the difficulties and problems on the road ahead. China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, so we must continue to take economic development as our central task and pursue scientific development. We need to put people first, make ensuring and improving their wellbeing the starting point and goal of all our work, unwaveringly work for prosperity for all and ensure that everyone shares in the fruits of development. We need to steadfastly take all factors into consideration, and coordinate urban and rural development, regional development, and economic and social development. We need to accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development; strongly promote innovation; conserve resources and protect the environment; ensure that economic and social development is coordinated with our population, resources and environment; and make development more comprehensive, balanced and sustainable.

二是必须坚持政府调控与市场机制有机统一。健全的市场机制，有效的宏观调控，都是社会主义市场经济体制不可或缺的重要组成部分。市场作用多 一些还是政府作用多一些，必须相机抉择。在应对国际金融危机冲击中，我们加强和改善宏观调控，及时纠正市场扭曲，弥补市场失灵，防止经济出现大的起落，实 践证明是完全正确的。我们必须不断完善社会主义市场经济体制，充分发挥市场在资源配置中的基础性作用，激发经济的内在活力，同时，科学运用宏观调控手段， 促进经济长期平稳较快发展。

Second, we must continue to closely integrate government control with market forces. Sound market forces and effective macro-control are both indispensable parts of the socialist market economy. We must be guided by realities in deciding when market forces are to play the greater role and when government control is to play the greater role. In responding to the impact of the global financial crisis, we tightened and improved macro-control, quickly corrected market distortions, remedied market failures and prevented serious economic fluctuations. All the measures we took have proven to be entirely correct. We must constantly improve the socialist market economy, and make full use of the basic role of the market in allocating resources to stimulate the internal vitality of the economy while using macro-control tools scientifically to promote long-term, steady and rapid economic development.

三是必须坚持统筹国内国际两个大局。在经济全球化深入发展和对外开放不断深化的条件下，我国经济同世界经济的联系日益紧密，互动和依存不断 增强。必须树立世界眼光，加强战略思维，善于从国际形势发展变化中充分把握发展机遇，稳妥应对风险挑战，利用好国内国际两个市场、两种资源，统筹处理好国 内发展与对外开放关系，真正做到内外兼顾、均衡发展。

Third, we must consider the overall domestic and international situations. As economic globalization intensifies and China' s opening up constantly deepens, our economy is becoming linked ever more closely to the world economy and the two are constantly interacting and becoming more interdependent. We must adopt a global perspective, strengthen our strategic thinking, be proficient at recognizing development opportunities presented by changes in the international situation, respond prudently to risks and challenges, make good use of both domestic and international markets and resources, correctly balance domestic development and our degree of openness to the outside world, and truly take into consideration both domestic and external demand to achieve balanced development.

四是必须坚持把改革开放作为经济社会发展的根本动力。改革开放是实现国家强盛、人民幸福的必由之路，必须贯穿社会主义现代化建设全过程。我 们要以更大的决心和勇气推进改革，提高改革决策的科学性，增强改革措施的协调性，全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等各方面改革创新，从根本上破除体制机制 障碍，最大限度解放和发展生产力，促进社会公平正义。要坚持把改善人民生活作为正确处理改革发展稳定关系的结合点，把改革的力度、发展的速度和社会可承受 的程度统一起来，以改革促进和谐稳定，确保人民安居乐业、社会安宁有序、国家长治久安。

Fourth, we must steadfastly use reform and opening up to provide the basic driving force for economic and social development. The only way to make the country strong and prosperous and to ensure the people's happiness is through reform and opening up, and we must implement them throughout the course of socialist modernization. We need to be more resolute and courageous in carrying out reform, and make reform decisions more scientific and reform measures better coordinated. We need to comprehensively carry out economic, political, cultural and social reforms and innovations; eradicate obstacles embedded in systems and mechanisms; fully liberate and develop the productive forces; and promote social fairness and justice. We must make improving the people's lives a pivot linking reform, development and stability; consider the intensity of reforms and the speed of development in light of the ability of society to accept changes; promote harmony and stability through reform; and make sure that people are content with their lives and jobs, society is tranquil and orderly, and the country enjoys long-term peace and stability.

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未完，待续。