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附加疑问句又叫反意疑问句,它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致,通常有两种形式:1.陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式;2.陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式。
附加疑问句特例:
1.当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如: I find English very interesting, don't you?
2.当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he,尤其是nobody, no one等作主语,具有否定概念时。如: Nobody wants to go there, does he?
3.当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,不用they。如: Everything seems all right now, doesn't it?
4.当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these, those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。如: This is important, isn't it?
5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合用you,在美国英语中,在非正式场合还可以用he。如: One can't be too careful, can one?或can you?
6.如果陈述部分用I'm…结构,附加疑问部分一般用aren't I。如:I am strong and healthy aren't I。
7.当陈述句为there be结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如:There's something wrong, isn't there?
8.陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词时,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如: Few people know him, do they?
9.如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。如: Tom dislikes the book, doesn't he?
10.当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如: She says that I did it, doesn't she? 但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think, believe, suppose, expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。如: I don't think she cares, does she?
11.当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如: Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldn't he?
12.在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分一般用will you, won't you, would you,有时也可用can you, can't you, why don't you, could you等。如: Don't open the door, will you? Give me some bread, can you? 但是,以let's开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,如果含义是让我们us,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用will you。如: Let's have a basketball match this afternoon, shall we? Let us go out for a rest, will you?
13.当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn't。如: I must answer the letter, mustn't I? 但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如: You must have made a mistake, haven't you?
14.当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时,疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't。如: The old man used to smoke, didn't he?或usedn't he?
15.当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时,疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't。如: He ought to know the answer, oughtn't he?
16.当陈述部分含有had better时,疑问部分用had。如:You'd better finish your homework now, hadn't you?
17.感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形式。如: What a clever boy, isn't he?(更多详情请参见周童瑜英语易筋经:语法十二式之感叹句秘诀)
18.陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。如:Between six and seven will suit you, won't it?
19.在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如: Oh, he is a writer, is he? You'll not go, won't you?
20.陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时用may,且用肯定形式。如: I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?
21.当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have(has)时,疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如: You have a new bike, haven't you(或don't you)?
虽然规则很多,但其实整理起来看,也很简单。这些规则都是地球上远古、近代、现代的英语人所共同发明的,没有任何人to blame. 好好学,争取过几年,第22条由你来定。 |
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