托业考试综合辅导(21) 辅导, 考试

幽幽草

wardrobe n. a tall cabinet, closet, or small room built to hold clothes; the costumes belonging to a theater or theatrical troupe
warehouse n. depot; wholesale store; large retail store
warehouse v. to store in a large building
warrant n. authorization or certification; sanction, as given by a superior; justification for an action or a belief; grounds
warranty n. guarantee; certificate indicating responsibility; authority; justification
waver v. to sway; to oscillate; to vacillate; to fluctuate; to blink; to flicker (as of light); to wobble; to tremble; to collapse; to begin to fail; to hesitate; to falter
whereasconj. since; inasmuch as; while; while on the contrary
whereas conj. this being the case; since (used in formal documents)
widespread adj. common; popular; extensive; prevalent
width n. breadth; thickness
willingness n. readiness; agreeableness; state or condition of being willing
wipe v. to subject to light rubbing or friction, as with a cloth or paper, in order to clean or dry; to clean or dry by rubbing
withdraw v. to pull back; to remove from; to take money from the bank; to take back; to retire; to depart; to remove; to take out
wither v. to dry up or shrivel from or as if from loss of moisture; to lose freshness; droop
withhold v. to keep in check; restrain; to refrain from giving, granting, or permitting; to deduct (withholding tax) from an employee's salary
withstand v. to bear; to endure
witness n. testifier; onlooker; bystander; testimony
witness v. to look on; to see; to observe; to testify; to vouch for; to corroborate; to be an eye-witness; to note; to notice
woeful adj. affected by or full of woe; mournful; deplorably bad or wretched
wool n. fleece from some animals; clothing made from wool; thread made from wool; (nickname for) frizzy hair
workshop n. seminar; brief intensive educational program; discussion group
wrench n. violent twist; violent ripping; tool for gripping or turning bolts
wrench v. to pull by force; to bend forcefully; to twist; to hurt by twisting; to cut off; to distort; to pervert
write off v. to disregard an outstanding debt (as of a customer); to consider worthless; to make a reduction in a value for accounting purposes
wry adj. distorted; crooked; twisted; askew; contorted; ironic; dry
yearly adj. occurring once within 12 months
yearly adv. annually
yet adv. still; already; in addition; nevertheless; but; in spite of; although
yetconj. but; in spite of; despite
yield n. crop; harvest; return; produce; income; profit
yield v. to produce; to supply; to bear (profit, harvest, fruit, etc.); to give; to relinquish; to surrender; to comply; to withdraw
ZIP n. extension ZIP (Computers); extension of an archived file compressed with the ZIP program; ZIP drive; type of drive using removable disks

幽幽草

vacancy n. emptiness; available space; room; available position; job opening

vacant adj. empty; unfilled; unoccupied; not in us e; lacking expression; not claimed (e.g. an inheritance)

vacate v. to cease to occupy or hold; give up; to empty of occupants or incumbents

vacation n. holiday; fixed time in which public establishments (government offices, schools, etc.) and regular businesses cease their regular activities; period of time away from work devoted to rest and relaxation; act of vacating

vacation v. to go on holiday

vaccinate v. to render unsusceptible to a disease by inoculating

vaccination n. act or instance of rendering unsusceptible to disease by inoculating

vaccine n. a preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen; a preparation from the cowpox virus that protects against smallpox

vacillate v. to sway to and fro; to fluctuate; to hesitate; to waver

valid adj. legitimate; legally acceptable; not expired; based; logical; well-founded

validate v. to confirm; to sanction; to legalize

valuable adj. of great worth; costly; cherished; dear; important

valuable n. something of great worth

van n. large closed vehicle used for transporting goods or people; railroad car (British)

variation n. degree of diversity; change; modified version (as of a musical piece); deviation

variety n. assortment; kind; sort

various adj. assorted; different; individual; several

vary v. to change something; to alter; to change; to fluctuate; to give variety to

vast adj. large; enormous; huge

vegetarian n. one who does not eat meat; herbivore

vehement adj. characterized by forcefulness of expression or intensity of emotion or conviction; fervid; marked by or full of vigor or energy; strong

vehicle n. means of transport (car, bus, etc.); instrument; means; medium

veil n. length of cloth worn by women as a face covering; netting attached to a woman's hat; something which hides or conceals (such as a curtain); nun's headdress; vow's of a nun; membrane which covers an immature mushroom

veil v. to cover; to hide

vending machine n. automated device used for selling items

vendor n. salesman; supplier; equipment salesman (for example in the field of computers, etc.); automatic machine for selling goods

venture n. risky undertaking; enterprise whose results are not certain; business undertaking which promises to bring great profit but involves a good deal of risk; amount invested or wagered

venture v. to take a risk in order to achieve a goal; to dare to express something (even in the face of possible opposition); to chance investing money in a risky but possibly lucrative business venture

veracity n. truthfulness; something that is a truth

verdict n. the finding of a jury in a trial; an expressed conclusion; a judgment or opinion

verify v. to confirm the truth of something; to ascertain the truth of something (as by investigation); to witness or swear to the truth of something (Law)

versatile adj. fulfilling many functions; multi-purpose; skilled to do many things; changeable

version n. particular form of something; variant; rendering; translation

vessel n. large craft made for navigation on water; boat; ship; container; receptacle (especially for holding liquids); tubular duct through which bodily fluids flow (e.g. blood vessel)

viable adj. capable of living; having a reasonable chance of succeeding; practical; having the ability to survive outside the uterus (of a fetus)

vicinity n. the state of being near in space or relationship; proximity; a nearby, surrounding, or adjoining region; a neighborhood; an approximate degree or amount

victim n. person who falls prey (to an attack, deception, etc.)

viewpoint n. attitude; stance; opinion

vigor n. physical or mental strength, energy, or force; strong feeling; enthusiasm or intensity

vilify v. to slander; to defame

violation n. transgression; desecration; attack or disruption; rape

virtual adj. being such in power or effect though not formally recognized; imaginary; hypothetical; computer simulated

virtual n. computerized representation of an actual object (Computers)

visibility n. quality of being clearly seen; distance to which one can see clearly (Meteorology); state or quality of providing an unobstructed view

visible adj. can be clearly seen; in view; observable; obvious; apparent

vital adj. lively; living; animated; vigorous; crucial; critical; necessary

vivid adj. lively; lifelike; bright; dazzling; clear; distinct; graphic

void adj. containing no matter; empty; not occupied; unfilled; completely lacking; devoid; having no legal force or validity; null

void n. an empty space; an open space or a break in continuity; a gap; a feeling or state of emptiness, loneliness, or loss

volunteer n. one who offers his services of his own free will or without pay

volunteer v. to offer to do or give something for free; to propose; to put forward (without being invited to do so); to offer that someone else will do or give something freely

voucher n. certificate that bears monetary value; coupon; receipt; authorizer; endorser

voyage n. trip; journey; travel; cruise; story of a journey

voyage v. to take a cruise; to travel; to make a journey

vulnerable adj. susceptible to physical or emotional injury; susceptible to attack; liable to succumb, as to persuasion or temptation

幽幽草

ultimate adj. being last in a series, process, or progression; fundamental; elemental; eventual

ultimately adv. in the end; eventually

unanimous adj. sharing the same opinions or views; being in complete harmony or accord; based on or characterized by complete assent or agreement

unauthorized adj. unlicensed; forbidden; unlawful

unbiased adj. impartial; equitable

uncertainty n. doubtfulness

unconventional adj. not standard; not ordinary

undercut v. to offer at lower prices than the competition; to cut off the under part; to slice the ball from underneath (Golf, Tennis); to weaken; to undermine

underestimate v. to assign too low a value to

underlie v. to be located under or below; to be the support or basis of; account for; to constitute a prior financial claim over

underline n. caption beneath an illustration

underline v. to emphasize

undermine v.to weaken by wearing away a base or foundation; to weaken, injure, or impair, often by degrees or imperceptibly; sap;

understatement n. representing something less strongly than what the facts would justify; statement expressing something in a restrained manner

underway adj. having begun a journey (especially of a sea vessel); initiated; in progress; under construction

unfair adj. biased; dishonest

unforeseen adj. not anticipated; not expected

unfortunately adv. regrettably

uniform adj. always the same, as in character or degree; unvarying; conforming to one principle, standard, or rule; consistent; being the same as or consonant with another or others

uniform n. a distinctive outfit intended to identify those who wear it as members of a specific group

unify v. to join; to cause to become one

union n. workers' association; federation; amalgamation; marriage; reproductive coupling; device which fits two pieces together

unique adj. singular; matchless; rare

uniqueness n. singularity; individuality; incomparability

unit n. specific quantity regarded as a standard; combination which acts a whole; piece; furniture; device; apparatus

unlessconj. not before; precluding; barring; except; aside from

unlimited adj. infinite; boundless

unlock v. to open; to free from restraints; to release

unnecessary adj. excessive; redundant; superfluous

unsanitary adj. not healthful; not clean

unsatisfactory adj. inadequate; disappointing; not good enough

unveil v. to reveal; to uncover; to disclose

upcoming adj. about to happen; imminent

upgrade n. update; installation of a newer version of a program or the replacing of a system component with a newer component (Computers); hill; acclivity

upgrade v. to improve; to raise the quality of; to exchange something for another of better quality

upholstery n. materials that are used to cushion and cover furniture (i.e. fabric, lining, padding, etc.); process of cushioning and covering furniture

upwards adv. to a higher level; more than; higher than

urban adj. pertaining to or characteristic of a city; living in a city; municipal

urbanize v. to change from rural to urban; to make into a city; to impart urban characteristics

urge v. to force or drive forward or onward; impel; to entreat earnestly and often repeatedly; exhort; to advocate earnestly the doing, consideration, or approval of; press for; to move or impel to action, effort, or speed; spur

urgent adj. pressing; compelling; immediate; prompt

utilization n. employment; use of; putting to practical use

utilize v. to put to practical use; to take advantage of

utmost adj. being or situated at the most distant limit or point; farthest; of the highest or greatest degree, amount, or intensity; most extreme

utmost n. the greatest possible amount, degree, or extent; the maximum

幽幽草

token n. symbol; sign; mark; remembrance; memento; keepsake; coin that has no true value except in particular instances (i.e. token for one subway ride)

toll n. tax; charge; levy; grievous price; act or sound of ringing a bell

topic n. theme; subject of conversation

total v. to add up; amount

tow n. act of dragging or pulling with a rope or chain

tow v. to pull; to drag

traffic v. to deal in; to sell (especially illegal drugs)

trail n. track; footprints; path; way

trail v. to follow; to drag; to tow

transact v. to carry out; to conduct; to perform

transaction n. negotiation; settlement; business deal

transcend v. to excel; to rise above

transcendent adj. sublime; exalted; superior

transfer n. exchange; conveying something from one person to another

transfer v. to move from one place to another; to convey; to relocate; to hand over; to pass on

transform v. to change markedly the appearance or form of; to change the nature, function, or condition of; convert

transfuse v. to pour (something) out of one vessel into another; to cause to be instilled or imparted; To diffuse through; permeate; to administer a transfusion of or to (medicine)

transgress v. to go beyond or over (a limit or boundary); exceed or overstep; to act in violation of (the law, for example)

transmit v. to send from one person, thing, or place to another; convey; to cause to spread; pass on; to impart or convey to others by heredity or inheritance; hand down

trash n. something discarded; something of no value; rubbish; garbage; refuse; nonsense

tray n. flat receptacle used to hold other items; platter

treasure v. to put away for future use

treatment n. medical care; therapy; care; relation; attitude; behavior; handling; usage; artistic or stylistic handling

treaty n. formal agreement between two states; compact; covenant; contract

tremendous adj. very great in numbers; huge; powerful

trespass v. to commit an offense or a sin; transgress or err; to commit an unlawful injury to the person, property, or rights of another, with actual or implied force or violence, especially to enter onto another's land wrongfully; to infringe on the privacy, time, or attention of another

trespasser n. one who damages a person or his property or rights; one who errs or sins; one who unlawfully enters another's territory; person who crosses a border; one who enters into forbidden territory

trial adj. experimental; exploratory; test; used as a sample

trial n. examination of facts by a judicial tribunal (Law); test; subjection to suffering or difficulty; attempt; experiment; annoyance

triangle n. shape having three sides and three corners; three-sided polygon; group of three

trivial adj. trifling; unimportant; insignificant; minor

trustee n. person granted legal custodianship over property not belonging to him; one who is appointed to administer an institution (Law)

trustee v. to grant a person or persons legal custodianship over property not belonging to them; to appoint a person or persons to administer an institution (Law)

tumble n. an act of tumbling; a fall; confusion; disorder

tumble v. to fall or roll end over end; to topple, as from power or a high position; fall; to drop; to collapse

turnabout n. the act of turning about and facing or moving in the opposite direction; a shift or change in opinion, loyalty, or allegiance

turnover n. number of people coming in and leaving (e.g. employees and customers); gross revenues; total business done; rate of selling or producing; change; reversal

幽幽草

tackle n. equipment; gear (especially for fishing); device for lifting and lowering objects; tools; implements; instance of wrestling another player to the ground (Football)

tackle v. to deal with; to stop; to bring down (as in football); to undertake; to set about

tailor n. one who makes or alters garments

tailor v. to make or alter a garment; to create or adapt for a particular need or desire

take over v. to capture; to assume control

takeover n. act of assuming control of something (as in a government or business)

talkative adj. having a tendency to talk a lot; loquacious

tantalize v. to tempt or tease by presenting something as available and then withholding it

tantamount adj. equivalent to; equal to

tantrum n. a fit of bad temper

tariff n. a list or system of duties imposed by a government on imported or exported goods; a duty or duties so imposed

technician n. specialist in repairs of machinery and appliances

technique n. method of performance; technical skill; manner in which technical details are treated

technology n. sciences of the industrial arts; applied sciences; technical methods and processes

temporary adj. passing; brief

tempt n. to try to get (someone) to do wrong, especially by a promise of reward; to be inviting or attractive to; to cause to be strongly disposed

tenant n. lodger; occupant; resident; renter; one who possesses lands or property; landlord

tenant v. to rent; to inhabit; to occupy

tender adj. gentle; soft; delicate

tender n. bid; offer; overseer; supervisor; car attached to a locomotive for carrying fuel and water

tension n. tautness; strain; nervousness; agitation; apprehension; excitement

tentative adj. experimental; trial; temporary; hesitant

tenure n. strength; act of holding; period; permanence (especially as referring to one's status as an employee)

terminal adj. end; extremity; closing; concluding; final; mortal; incurable

terminal n. either end of a passenger line; bus or train station; point of connection to a current (Electricity)

terminate v. to bring to an end or halt; to discontinue the employment of; dismiss

terminology n. nomenclature; specific vocabulary

territory n. area under the jurisdiction of a state; region; district; zone; area; domain

testify v. to bear witness; to declare under oath; to attest

testimonial n. letter of recommendation; expression of esteem or admiration; statement of support or belief in something (especially espousing its benefits)

thorough adj. comprehensive; complete; finished

thoroughness n. diligence; neatness

thrive v. to prosper; to flourish; to succeed

throughout adv. in every; during

throughoutprep. in every part; at every point or moment

thus adv. therefore; so

timeliness n. punctuality

token adj. nominal; symbolic; perfunctory

幽幽草

subscribe v. to purchase a subscription (to a magazine, concert hall, etc.); to endorse; to sign; to donate; to contribute; to promise; to pledge; to support; to approve

subscription n. payment given for regularly scheduled performances or publications (i.e. magazine, concert series, etc.); endorsement; signing of one's name

subside v. to sink lower; to descend; to decline; to settle to the bottom; to abate; to dwindle; to lessen; to decrease

subsidiary adj. supplementary; auxiliary; secondary; lesser in importance; of or pertaining to a subsidy

subsidiary n. company that is owned or controlled by another company

subsidize v. to provide financial assistance

subsidy n. financial assistance

substantial adj. firm; solid; real; wealthy; influential; important; considerable; sizeable; ample

substantiate v. to prove; to verify; to confirm; to actualize; to make real; to strengthen; to solidify

substantive adj. existing independently; real; tangible; of or pertaining to the essence of something; functioning as a noun (Grammar); expressing existence (Grammar)

substantive n. (Grammar) noun; word or phrase functioning as a noun

substitute adj. acting as a replacement

substitute n. replacement; person or thing that takes the place of another

subtract v. to take away part of a whole; to remove; to deduct; to deduct one number from another (Mathematics)

succeed v. to prosper; to achieve; to attain; to come after; to follow; to take the place of; to inherit

succinct adj. stated briefly but clearly; clear and concise; short and to the point

sue v. to institute proceedings against (a person) for redress of grievances; to petition (a court) for redress of grievances or recovery of a right

sufficient adj. enough; adequate

suit n. matching outfit consisting of a jacket and trousers or a skirt; lawsuit; request; courtship; set; any of the four sets of playing cards in a standard deck

suit v. to fit; to match; to satisfy; to please; to provide with a suit; to clothe; to be suitable; to be satisfactory

suitcase n. rectangular traveling bag; valise

suite n. group of things that together form a set; group of connected rooms meant to be used together (as in a hotel, etc.); set of furniture; retinue; group of attendants

sum n. amount that is determined by adding two or more numbers; whole amount;

summarize v. to present in a condensed form; to list the main points in a brief and comprehensive manner; to sum up

superb adj. excellent; wonderful; splendid; magnificent

superfluous adj. being more than is needed; excessive; unnecessary

superior adj. higher in rank or position; above average; exceptional; better or greater than; supercilious; conceited

superior n. one who is higher than another in rank or position; one who is the head of a monastery or convent

supervise v. to oversee; to administer; to direct; to manage; to watch over

supervisor n. overseer; director; manager

supervisory adj. managerial; overseeing

supplement n. something which makes up for a deficiency; addition; extra added part

supplement v. to make up for a deficiency; to add on to

supplementary adj. additional; extra

supplier n. provider

suburb n. a usually residential area or community outlying a city; (suburbs) the usually residential region around a major city; the environs

suburban adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of a suburb; located or residing in a suburb; of, relating to, or characteristic of the culture, customs, and manners typical of life in the suburbs

surface adj. external

surface n. exterior or upper boundary of a thing; external part or layer; outward appearance

surmise v. to infer; to conjecture; to guess; to presume

surmount v. to overcome (an obstacle, for example); conquer; to ascend to the top of; climb

surplus n. profit; amount of assets that is higher than liabilities

surveillance n. careful observation of a person or group

survey n. act of measuring and recording the characteristics of a plot of land; land survey report (often in the form of a map); review; overview; statistical study

survey v. to look over; to observe; to examine carefully; to study; to measure and record the characteristics of a plot of land; to map

survive v. to continue to live after another has died; to outlive; to remain in use; to continue in existence; to outlast; to endure; to withstand

susceptible adj. vulnerable; prone; liable to be affected by illness; emotionally sensitive; impressionable

suspect adj. doubtful; dubious

suspend v. to hang; to cause to stop for a period of time; to postpone; to defer; to cause to be temporarily ineffective; to debar from an office or privilege temporarily; to expel

sustain v. to support; to provide for; to finance; to support from below; to nourish; to assist; to encourage; to comfort; to endure; to withstand; to prolong; to maintain; to preserve; to experience; to undergo; to uphold; to affirm; to confirm

swap n. exchange; trade

swap v. to exchange one thing for another; to trade; to barter; to make an exchange or trade

sway n. moving back and forth; influence; control; authority

sway v. to move back and forth; to swing to and fro; to lean in a certain direction; to be inclined toward; to be sympathetic to; to hesitate; to cause to swing; to influence; to affect the opinion or actions of

sweater n. pullover; warm long-sleeve knit shirt; one that sweats; something that induces sweating; employer who underpays his employees

swift adj. fast; quick; immediate; hasty; prompt; smart; clever (Informal)

switch n. exchange; transfer; slender flexible rod; hairpiece; whipping; device which opens or breaks an electric current; device that opens or closes circuits or selects paths (Computers)

switch v. to change; to shift; to exchange; to trade; to turn on or off

switchboard n. panel containing buttons for connecting and disconnecting telephone or electrical circuits

sympathy n. affinity; understanding; compassion; pity; concern; commiseration; empathy; approval

symposium n. meeting or conference at which a specific topic is discussed; collection of essays or writings on a given subject

symptom n. a characteristic sign or indication of the existence of something else; a sign or an indication of disorder or disease, especially when experienced by an individual as a change from normal function, sensation, or appearance

synthesis n. combining of separate elements into a complete whole; formation of a compound through the combination of simpler components (Chemistry); deductive logic

systematically adv. methodically; in an organized fashion

幽幽草

speculate v. to meditate on a subject; reflect; to engage in a course of reasoning often based on inconclusive evidence; to engage in the buying or selling of a commodity with an element of risk on the chance of profit

spoil v. to impair the value or quality of; to damage irreparably; ruin; to impair the completeness, perfection, or unity of; flaw grievously; to do harm to the character, nature, or attitude of by over-solicitude, overindulgence, or excessive praise

sponsor n. one who donates money; person or organization that promotes or supports (an event, program, candidate, etc.); godparent

sponsor v. to back; to support; to finance; to subsidize; to promote

sporadic adj. irregular; fitful; occasional; infrequent

sprinkle n. the act of sprinkling; a light rainfall; a small amount; a sprinkling

sprinkle v. to scatter in drops or particles; to scatter drops or particles on; to distribute or intersperse at random

square adj. having four equal sides enclosing four equal angles; shaped like a square; perpendicular; aligned; sturdy; fair; honest; settled; even

square n. geometric figure having four equal sides; something shaped like a square; open area in a town or city; plaza; exponent of 2; tool with straight edges and a right angle

stable adj. steady; firm; fixed; lasting; dependable; faithful; not susceptible to change

stack n. heap; tall bookshelf; chimney; (Computers) area in memory where information can be stored and then retrieved in the reverse order; (Internet) layers of the open system interconnection used to transfer information

stack v. to place one thing on top of another in a heap; to pile

staff v. to employ a group of workers; to provide with employees; to man

stagnant adj. not moving or flowing; motionless; showing little or no sign of activity or advancement; not developing or progressing; inactive; lacking vitality or briskness; sluggish or dull

stake v. to risk; to gamble; to finance; to underwrite; to mark off a boundary using stakes; to tie to a stake

stall n. stand; booth; pen; compartment in a stable for an animal; pretext to delay; protective covering for a finger; (Airplanes) loss of control; loss of lift; (British) orchestra seats

stall v. to put into a stable; to delay; to check the progress of; to cause to stop; to cause to turn off (of a motor)

stance n. physical position or bearing; opinion; attitude

stand out v. to be conspicuous; to be noticeable; to project; to protrude; to persist in one's opposition to something; to maintain an offshore course (Nautical)

standard adj. serving as a model; normal; regular; typical; widely accepted

standard n. model; criterion; norm; average; flag; banner; commodity which backs a monetary system

standpoint n. outlook; perspective; view; opinion; attitude

staple adj. essential; regularly used; primary; principal; main (of goods or products)

staple n. metal clip for binding papers; basic food item; essential element; main crop or product of a region; trade item that is constantly in demand; fiber (of wool, cotton, etc.)

startle v. to cause to make a quick involuntary movement or start; to alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly

statement n. declaration; allegation; official account; printed record of account activity; instruction written in a high-level programming language (Computers)

stationary adj. not moving; still; fixed in place; not movable; static; unchanging; settled; tending to stay in one place

stationery n. writing implements; paper used for writing letters

statistical adj. of, relating to, or employing statistics or the principles of statistics

statistics n. branch of mathematics that deals with the collection and interpretation of numerical information

status n. individual's social or professional standing; position; rank; state of things; present situation

steadfast adj. loyal; faithful; unchanging

stingy adj. giving or spending reluctantly; scanty or meager

stipendiary adj. receiving of a regular or fixed payment; of or pertaining to a stipend

stipulate v. to require that certain conditions be met before the signing of a contract; to specify; to require; to promise; to guarantee (regarding a contract)

straightforward adj. frank; candid; sincere; honest; simple; uncomplicated; traveling in a straight course

strap v. to fasten with a strap; to tie with a narrow piece of leather; to beat with a strap; to lash

strategy n. plans or methods created for the purpose of achieving a goal; science of preparing long-term battle plans (Military)

streamline n. path along which a fluid flows; direction in which a particle flows (i.e. in a fluid); aerodynamic shape

streamline v. to design or build in a form which offers minimum resistance to a current of air or fluid; to make more efficient; to organize; to simplify

strengthen v. to make strong; to fortify; to reinforce; to toughen; to become strong

stretch v. to draw out to the full length; to extend; to elongate; to be extended; to reach out; to pull; to make taut; to strain; to be pulled; to be elongated; to lie down; to extend over a certain period of time; to span

strike n. hit; blow; temporary work stoppage; military assault; good luck; discovery of natural resources; knocking down of all pins at one time (Bowling); failure to hit a ball (Baseball)

strike v. to hit; to collide with; to attack; to assault; to afflict with a disease; to injure by biting; to impress; to produce a spark; to stamp; to eliminate; to arrive at; to reach; to instill; to temporarily cease working as a protest; to make

striped adj. marked with narrow bands of contrasting color or texture

strive v. to endeavor; to try hard; to compete; to struggle; to resist

stuffy adj. lacking sufficient ventilation; close; having the respiratory passages blocked; dull and boring

stumble n. the act of stumbling; a mistake or blunder

stumble v. to miss one's step in walking or running; trip and almost fall; to proceed unsteadily or falteringly; flounder; to make a mistake; blunder

subconscious adj. not wholly conscious; partially or imperfectly conscious

subdue v.to conquer and subjugate; vanquish; to quiet or bring under control by physical force or persuasion; make tractable; to make less intense or prominent; tone down

subjectively adv. based on individual thoughts and feelings

submission n. the act of submitting to the power of another; the state of being submissive or compliant; meekness

submissive adj. inclined or willing to submit

subordinate adj. inferior; of secondary importance; under the authority of another

subordinate n. one who is subservient; someone under the authority of another; one that is subjugated

幽幽草

slip n. slide; skid; trip; stumble; mistake; blunder; error; type of woman's undergarment; small piece of material (esp. paper); twig that is cut and used to grow a new plant; mixture of clay and water (used to decorate pottery); fabric covering

slip v. to glide; to move smoothly and easily; to sneak; to move quietly; to slide; to move slowly from one position to another; to decline; to deteriorate; to make a mistake; to err; to remove or put on quickly (of clothes); to escape; to avoid

slogan n. motto; phrase which summarizes the principles of a group or organization; catchword; attention getting phrase used in advertising; Scottish battle cry

slope n. side of a hill; incline; upward or downward slant; degree to which a surface deviates from the vertical

slope v. to incline; to slant upward or downward; to cause to tilt

sloppy adj. of, resembling, or covered with slop; muddy or slushy; marked by a lack of neatness or order; untidy; marked by a lack of care or precision; slipshod

slot n. notch; narrow opening; place; position (within a system, etc.)

slot v. to notch; to groove; to assign to a place or position (in an organization, system, etc.)

slump n. recession; sudden decrease; drooping posture; slouch; collapse; period of time in which performance is poor

slump v. to fall; to collapse; to droop; to slouch; to decline; to decrease; to deteriorate; to sink down; to settle

smash n. to break (something) into pieces suddenly, noisily, and violently; shatter; to strike with a heavy blow; batter; to crush or destroy completely

smash v. the act or sound of smashing; total defeat or destruction; ruin; financial failure; bankruptcy

smoothly adv. gently; without roughness or projections; evenly; without obstructions; without problems or difficulty; calmly; suavely

smudge n. a blotch or smear; a smoky fire used as a protection against insects or frost

smudge v. to make dirty, especially in one small area; to smear or blur (something)

snag n. a rough, sharp, or jagged protuberance; an unforeseen or hidden obstacle

snag v. to tear, break, hinder, or destroy by or as if by a snag

snap adj. made or done suddenly, with little or no preparation

snap n. a sudden sharp cracking sound or the action producing such a sound; a sudden breaking; a sudden attempt to bite, snatch, or grasp

snap v. to make a brisk sharp cracking sound; to break suddenly with a brisk, sharp, cracking sound; to speak abruptly or sharply; to move swiftly and smartly

snatch n. a quick grasp or grab; a brief period of time; a small amount; a bit or fragment

snatch v. to grasp or seize hastily, eagerly, or suddenly; to grasp or seize illicitly

sneakers n. sports shoe; one who moves about stealthily; one who acts furtively

soar v. to fly at a great height; to glide; to fly upward; to ascend; to increase; to rise

software n. programs which control the functions of a computer's hardware

solace n. consolation; relief from distress; source of comfort

solace v. to comfort; to console; to encourage; to relieve; to appease

solely adv. only; exclusively; merely

solicit v. to try and obtain something through persuasion or earnest requests; to attempt to convince someone to give or do something; to try to influence another to commit an illegal act; to offer sex in exchange for money

solitary adj. existing, living, or going without others; alone; happening, done, or made alone; having no companions; lonesome or lonely

solve v. to find the answer to; to explain

somber adj. gloomy; dark; depressing; sad; glum; mournful; very serious

sophisticated adj. seasoned; worldly-wise; refined; cultured; complex; intricate; complicated

sound adj. whole; healthy; in good condition; sane; firm; having a solid foundation; secure; valid; reasonable; thorough; moral; trustworthy; having common sense; conservative

sound n. vibrations that can be detected by the human ear; noise; vocal utterance; range in which something can be heard; implication; meaningless noise

souvenir n. a token of remembrance; a memento

spa n. a resort providing therapeutic baths; a resort area having mineral springs

spacious adj. generous or large in area or extent; roomy; vast in range or scope

span n. length; distance; duration; period of time; section between two bridge supports; wing span; distance between the tip of an outstretched thumb and little finger; unit of length equal to the space between thumb and little finger

span v. to extend across; to stretch from one point another; to bridge; to measure with an extended hand; to surround with the hand or hands

specialize v. to devote oneself to a particular profession or field of study; to adapt to a particular environment (Biology); to limit; to restrict; to make special

specialty n. distinguishing mark; unique ability; field in which one specializes; area of expertise; something having special qualities or worth

specification n. item or detail included in a description of requirements or plans; detailed written description of an invention submitted in a patent request

specify v. to describe clearly; to indicate; to itemize; to mark; to designate; to stipulate

幽幽草

seminar n. educational meeting devoted to a particular topic; advanced academic course requiring a large amount of independent research; meeting of an advanced academic course which requires a large amount of independent research

senior adj. older; elder; having a higher rank; elderly; aged; pertaining to students in their final year at a school or university

senior n. student in his final year at a school or university; person of higher rank; older person; elder; senior citizen

sensible adj. rational; reasonable; wise; judicious; cognizant; aware; able to be perceived; perceptive; able to perceive; considerable; appreciable

sensitive adj. having the capacity for feeling; susceptible to external influences or agents; responsive; reactive; delicate; requiring special care or treatment; touchy; responding acutely to emotional stimuli; temperamental

sequence n. progression; succession; series of things in succession; order; arrangement; chain of events; series of scenes which make up one episode of a film (Cinema); consequence; outcome; order of monomers within a polymer chain (Genetics)

series n. sequence; succession; television program broadcast in installments; (Mathematics) sequence of numbers which are added together in succession (often an infinite sequence)

session n. meeting; assembly; period of time during which a meeting takes place; term; semester; period of time that a school is open and holding classes

set out v. to display; to begin to pursue a certain goal or direction; to undertake; to attempt; to begin a journey; to lay out in a systematical fashion; to arrange; to plant

set up v. to establish; to start; to found; to being; to raise

setback n. obstacle; misfortune; something which hinders progress; instance of hindering progress

setup n. arrangement; structure; organization; hoax; staged event with a predetermined outcome; configuration of hardware or software (Computers)

severely adv. seriously; gravely; acutely; critically

shabby adj. showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-out; dilapidated or deteriorated in condition, especially through neglect; seedy; despicable; mean

shareholder n. person or organization that owns part of a company

shelf n. flat board attached horizontally to a wall or frame and used for storing or displaying items; something which resembles a shelf; projection; rock ledge; sandbank; sand bar

shipment n. sending of cargo or freight; cargo or freight that is transported

shipping n. business of sending or transporting cargo; sea voyage (Archaic)

shipyard n. place where vessels are built and repaired

shortage n. lack; scarcity; deficit; deficiency

shredder n. device used to destroy documents by cutting them into small strips or pieces

shrewdness n. intelligence; ability to think in a clever manner

significance n. meaning; sense; quality of having meaning

significant adj. important; consequential; meaningful; having meaning; of a considerable amount

signification n. meaning; sense; importance; consequence; act of pointing out

signify v. to represent; to indicate; to communicate; to express; to convey; to have importance; to have significance

simmer v. to be cooked gently or remain just at or below the boiling point; to be filled with pent-up emotion

simulate v. to copy; to pretend; to fake

simulation n. act of pretending; counterfeit; imitation of the operation or features of one system using an other system (i.e. computer simulation)

sincere adj. honest; truthful; frank; straightforward; genuine; earnest

sincerely adv. honestly; genuinely; earnestly; faithfully; sincerely yours (used at the end of a letter)

skim v. to remove matter floating on the surface of a liquid; to glide on or just above a surface; to glance through quickly; to cause an object to skip across the surface of a liquid

skirting n. act of going around; avoidance; evasion

slam v. to shut with force and loud noise; to put, throw, or otherwise forcefully move so as to produce a loud noise; to hit or strike with great force

slander n. false and injurious statements made about another; defamation; calumny

slander v. to make false and injurious statements about another; to defame; to vilify; to malign

slantwise adj. sloping; inclined

slantwise adv. at an angle; obliquely; in a slanting direction

slap n. a sharp blow made with the open hand or with a flat object; a smack; a sharp insult

slap v. to strike with a flat object, such as the palm of the hand; to cause to strike sharply and loudly; to put or place quickly or carelessly; to criticize or insult sharply

sleeve n. a part of a garment that covers all or part of an arm

slice n. thin piece cut from a larger object; portion; share

slice v. to cut into portions; to cut off from; to make a cut in; to cut into; to cleave; to move quickly through

幽幽草

safety n. freedom from danger; quality of not causing injury or loss

salient adj. conspicuous; bulging outward; protruding; remarkable; noticeable

salient n. angle that points outward; narrow piece of land that projects outward from the surrounding surface (Geology)

salvage n. act of rescuing; rescued items

salvage v. to save from destruction; to rescue

sanitary adj. hygienic; clean; healthy; promoting hygiene or cleanliness; pertaining to cleanliness; pertaining to sanitation

satisfaction n. appeasement of a desire; gratification of a need; feeling of gratification; pleasure; contentment; compensation; remuneration; placation; appeasement; fulfillment

satisfy v. to fulfill; to meet a request or requirement; to compensate; to remunerate

savvy n. understanding; wisdom; intelligence (Slang)

saw n. tool for cutting consisting of a toothed blade; saying; maxim; proverb

saw v. to cut with a toothed blade

scale n. progression of steps; table of graduated rates; system of marks used for measuring; flake; one of many thin plates forming a protective covering; weighing device

scale v. to climb; to ascend; to weigh; to do according to a particular ratio; to remove flakes or scales; to become covered in timescale; to change the size of something; to adjust the size of a picture; to resize a picture (Computers)

scan n. close examination; scrutinizing look; computerized images created by an optical scanner (Computers); computerized image of the human body created through the use of medical imaging techniques (Medicine)

scan v. to convert an object or image into a digital image using an optical scanner (Computers); to browse; to glance at quickly; to examine a body part through the use of medical imaging techniques (Medicine); to determine the meter of a verse

scanner n. peripheral device used to convert objects or images into digital images (Computers)

scatterbrained adj. unable to think in a clear and orderly manner; giddy or frivolous

scene n. place where an event occurs; vista; view; outburst of excited emotion; division in a play; scenery; backdrop; setting; locale; episode of a story; sphere of activity; situation;

scenery n. view; vista; panorama; set; backdrop used onstage to portray a particular setting or locale

schedule n. timetable; agenda; itinerary; plan

schedule v. to create a timetable; to enter into a timetable; to plan for a certain date

scope n. range; extent; sphere; area; space; expanse; opportunity or room for action and thought

scramble n. climb over rough terrain; struggle for possession; disorderly or chaotic proceeding

scramble v. to mix while cooking (usually about eggs); to jumble; to mix together confusedly; to clamber; to climb on all fours; to struggle; to bustle; to hasten; to collect in a disorderly fashion

scrap n. a small piece or bit; a fragment; discarded waste material, especially metal suitable for reprocessing; (scraps) leftover bits of food

scrap v. to break down into parts for disposal or salvage; to discard as worthless or sell to be reused as parts; junk

scratch n. abrasion; cut; small laceration; score of zero; starting line for a race; cash;

scratch v. to rub; to make a small cut or laceration; to scrape with the fingernails to relieve an itch; to make a grating sound; to achieve or obtain with difficulty; to delete; to cross out

screen v. to cover with a curtain; to filter; to sift; to hide; to conceal; to separate; to divide; to protect; to shield; to project a film; to show a movie

scribble n. careless hurried writing; meaningless marks and lines

scribble v. to write hurriedly without heed to legibility or style; to cover with scribbles, doodles, or meaningless marks

scrupulous adj. moral; adhering to ethical principles; precise; strict; exact

scrutinize v. to examine; to investigate; to check closely; to inspect (also scrutinize)

seamlessly adv. smoothly; continuously; inconspicuously

season v. to spice; to flavor; to accustom; to acclimatize; to cause another person to become experienced; to become experienced; to dry wood in preparation for use

seclude v. to set or keep apart, as from social contact with others; to screen from view; make private

security n. safety; protection; defense; act of making safe; pledge; guarantee; stock; bond; freedom from danger; serenity; tranquility

segment n. part; portion; slice; piece

segment v. to partition; to be partitioned

segregate v. to separate or isolate from others or from a main body or group; to impose the separation of (a race or class) from the rest of society

self-employed adj. independent; independent contractor; business owner; person who is not a hired laborer

semester n. one of the two periods of an academic year (usually 15-18 weeks)

幽幽草

resource n. supply; stock; means of accomplishing a goal; expedient; ability to deal effectively with various situations

respective adj.relating to two or more persons or things regarded individually; particular

respond v. to answer; to reply; to react

response n. reply; answer; reaction

responsible adj. dependable; reliable; accountable; liable

responsive adj. answering; reacting (esp. positively or sympathetically); characterized by singing or reading in alternation

restitution n.the act of restoring to the rightful owner something that has been taken away, lost, or surrendered; the act of making good or compensating for loss, damage, or injury; indemnification

restore v. to bring back into existence or use; reestablish; to bring back to an original condition; to make restitution of; give back

restriction n. limitation; limit

resume n. summary, synopsis; abstract; CV; curriculum vitae

resume v. to recommence; to begin again; to retake; to take back; to continue; to go on

retail adj. pertaining to the sale of goods to final consumers; of the sale of merchandise to end users

retail n. sale of products to final consumers, sale of goods to end users

retailer n. person or business that sells goods to final consumers; person or company that sells merchandise to end users (consumers)

retain v. to maintain possession of; to keep or hold in a particular place, condition, or position; to keep in mind; remember

reticent adj. keeping quiet; reserved; showing self-restraint

retire v. to withdraw from a position (usually due to old age); go into seclusion; to withdraw; to remove oneself from a particular situation; to go to bed

retirement n. withdrawal from one's job or occupation

retreat n. the act or process of withdrawing, especially from something hazardous, formidable, or unpleasant; the process of going backward or receding from a position or condition gained; withdrawal of a military force from a dangerous position or from an enemy attack

retreat v. to fall or draw back; withdraw or retire

retrench v. to cut down; reduce; to remove, delete, or omit

retrieval n. act of bringing back; restoration; act of finding information and sending it to the user as output

retrieve v. to recover; to regain; to bring back; to fetch; to find and bring back; to rescue; to save; to find information and display it as output (Computers)

reveal v. to show; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to disclose; to make public

revenue n. income; return; gains; government income earned through taxation; government agency that collects tax monies; source of income

revere v. to respect deeply; to honor greatly

reverse adj. having the back side exposed to view; opposite; contrary; moving or behaving in a manner opposite to the norm

reverse n. opposite; contrary; back side; rear; setback; misfortune; defeat; gear or mechanism that drives movement in a direction opposite to the normal direction; area printed with a light design on a dark background (Printing)

revise n. act of making changes; alteration; proof sheet made to verify changes made and check for additional errors

revise v. to make changes in order to improve something; to edit; to correct; to produce an updated or corrected version

revive v. to resuscitate; to bring back to life; to put into action again

revolve v. to rotate; to turn; to spin; to encircle; to move in a circle around a central point; to think about; to contemplate

ribbon n.a narrow strip or band of fine fabric, such as satin or velvet, finished at the edges and used for trimming, tying, or finishing

rigorous adj. harsh; strict; severe; exact; precise; strictly accurate

rival adj. being in competition, contending

rival n. competitor, opponent, contender

rivalry n. competition; contention; act of competing

roast v. to cook with dry heat, as in an oven or near hot coals; to dry, brown, or parch by exposing to heat; to expose to great or excessive heat

robe n. a long loose flowing outer garment

robust adj. strong; healthy

rotten adj. decayed; decomposed; putrid; spoiled; extremely bad; very unpleasant; despicable

route n. track, path; customary series of stops during a trip; path taken by a data package sent from one point on the Internet to another (Computers)

route v. to direct along a particular path; to mark a route; to chart a course

routine adj. commonplace; ordinary; usual; customary; habitual

routine n. commonplace activity; everyday task; habit; custom; practice; procedure that is always the same; part of a computer program containing instructions for a particular task (Computers)

royalties n. sovereignty; royal status or power; kingdom; domain; realm; member of a royal family; percentage of profits paid to an artist for each copy of his work that is sold

rural adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of the country; of or relating to people who live in the country; of or relating to farming; agricultural

幽幽草

remote adj. distant, located far away; secluded; isolated; distant in time or relation; aloof; standoffish; operated by remote control; slight; unlikely

removal n. act of taking off; act of shedding; act of taking away; elimination; ejection; dismissal

remove n. degree of difference; step or degree in a graduated scale; (British) promotion of a student to a higher grade

remove v. to take off; to shed; to take away; to eliminate; to get rid of; to eject; to dismiss; to discharge

render v. to give; to submit; to do; to transform; to bring to a particular condition; to represent; to depict; to translate; to automatically create a three-dimensional picture according to a model within a computer (Computers)

renege n. the act of reneging

renege v.to fail to carry out a promise or commitment

renew v. to restore to good condition; to restart; to resume; to refresh; to extend for an additional period of time

renewal n. the act of renewing or the state of having been renewed

renovate v. to restore to an earlier condition, as by repairing or remodeling; to impart new vigor to; revive

renovation n. act of repairing; renewal; act of restoring to good condition

renowned adj. famous; prominent

rental adj. available to lease or rent

rental n. money paid for the use of property; property that is leased; act of leasing

repeal n. the act or process of repealing

repeal v.to revoke or rescind, especially by an official or formal act

repetition n. reiteration; act of redoing something

replace v. to substitute for; to provide a substitute item; to return something to a particular position or location

replacement n. substitution; substitute

repo n. agreement in which the seller of securities agrees to buy them back at a specified time and price

represent v. to act as an agent on behalf of a person or organization; to symbolize; to stand for; to depict; to represent; to portray

representative adj. typical; characteristic; serving to portray or depict; acting on behalf of another person or organization

representative n. delegate; agent; person who acts on behalf of another person or organization

reprove v. to accuse; to admonish

reputation n. regard; esteem; renown

request n. petition; instance of asking for something; something that is asked for; object of a petition

request v. to ask for; to petition for

require v. to demand; to claim; to need; to call for; to have need for; to order; to command; to necessitate; to compel

requirement n. something that is demanded; necessity; something that is needed

reschedule v. to set a new time and date

resemble v. to be similar to; to be akin to; to look like; to have a similar appearance to

reservation n. park; land set aside for a specific use; doubt; misgiving; act of ordering in advance (hotel room, airline ticket, etc.)

reserve requirement n. minimum amount of money and liquid assets set by the central banking system of the U.S.

residence n. dwelling place; abode; home; domicile; act of living; act of residing; period of time that one lives in a particular place; headquarters of a business

resident adj. staying in a particular place; not migratory; intrinsic; existing (about characteristics); permanently stored in memory (Computers)

resident n. inhabitant; one who lives in a particular location; doctor who is training in a medical specialty; diplomat who lives in a foreign court

residential adj. intended for inhabitation; occupied with homes

residual adj. enduring; lasting; continuing; leftover; remaining; left as a residue

resign v. to quit an office or position; to relinquish; to give up; to abdicate; to submit to; to quietly accept

resignation n. act of quitting a position; letter stating that one quits a position; relinquishment; abdication; act of giving up; submission; quiet acceptance

resilience n. elasticity; ability to return to the original shape; cheerfulness; quality of quickly recovering from sadness or failure; buoyancy

resist v. to oppose; to fight against; to challenge; to withstand; to be immune to the effects of; to refrain from; to desist

resistance n. opposition; act of fighting against; act of withstanding the effects of; quality of a conductor which resists an electrical current (Electricity); underground organization in an occupied country which fights against the occupying forces

resolute adj. determined; firm; steadfast

resolve n. firm decision, ruling; decisiveness; determination

resolve v. to determine; to decide; to separate into constituent parts

resonate v. to echo

幽幽草

reference n. comment; remark; ascription; relation; mention; allusion; regard; note that directs a reader to another source of information; supporting evidence taken from another book or publication

reference v. to add a footnote; to place a note that directs readers to another source of information (in a book, journal, etc.)

reflect v. to mirror; to send back a mirror image; to send back energy from a surface; to send back; to cause to return; to express; to give a particular impression; to contemplate; to think

reflection n. act of casting back a mirror image; act of sending back energy from a surface; state of being reflected; image that is reflected; idea, concept; thought, notion; act of placing blame, accusation

refrain from v. to hold oneself back; forbear

refund n. return of money; repayment; reimbursement

refund v. to return money; to reimburse; to repay; to provide new funds; to finance again

refurbish v. to make new again; to renovate; to restore to good condition

refusal n. denial; rejection

refuse n. garbage; trash; waste

refuse v. to decline; to deny; to reject

refute v. to prove to be false or erroneous; overthrow by argument or proof; to deny the accuracy or truth of

regard n. esteem; respect; thought; consideration; look; glance; outward appearance; reference; relation; care; attention

regard v. to gaze at; to look at; to concern; to relate to; to esteem; to appreciate; to consider; to pay heed to; to take notice; to pay attention

regardingprep. with relation to

regardless adj. inattentive; unmindful

regardless adv. without consideration for possible problems; without regard to potential difficulties; anyway; in any case

regress v. to move backward; to go back; to go back to a former state; to return to a previous condition

regular adj. occurring at fixed intervals; normal; usual; ordinary; common

regularly adv. at fixed intervals; at evenly-spaced intervals; usually; customarily

regulate v. to control; to govern; to manage; to adjust to a specific level or condition

regulations n. statute; law; act of controlling; management; direction; state of being controlled; state of being managed

rehearsal n. practice session for a performance

rehearse v. to drill; to practice an action repeatedly in order to perfect it

reimburse v. to repay; to refund; to compensate for a loss; to repay for an expense

reimbursement n. act of paying back; repayment; compensation for a loss; repayment for an expense

reinforce v. to strengthen; to fortify; to support; to increase; to provide a reward or punishment in order to encourage or discourage a particular response (Psychology)

reinforcement n. act of strengthening, reward or punishment designed to encourage or discourage a particular response

reiterate v. to repeat; to say again; to restate

reject n. something or someone that does not match up to standards; object of lower quality

reject v. to decline; to deny; to turn down

relate v. to narrate; to tell; to make a connection between; to have a connection with; to have a good relationship with

relation n. narration; act of telling; kinsman; family member; connection; association; connection between two persons; relationship

relationship n. emotional connection that exists between two people; connection; association; closeness; kinship

release n. freedom; liberation; newly distributed film (or record, book, etc.); press release; statement provided to the media

release v. to set free; to liberate; to emancipate; to loosen a hold; to unfasten; to make available to the general public; to surrender; to give up (Law)

relevant adj. pertinent; related; connected to the current subject

reliable adj. credible; trustworthy; dependable

relief n. easement; alleviation; liberation; support provided to the needy; embossment; sculpture in which the forms project outward from the surface; aid; assistance

relieve v. to cause a lessening or alleviation of; to free from pain, anxiety, or distress; to furnish assistance or aid to; to rescue from siege

relinquish v. to cede; to surrender; to give up; to forsake; to abandon

relocate v. to move to a different apartment; to move to a different place; to change the location of something

reluctant adj. unwilling; disinclined; exhibiting or marked by unwillingness; offering resistance; opposing

rely v. to depend on; to trust in

remain v. to stay; to abide; to continue; to go on

remark n. comment; observation; notice

remark v. to notice; to observe; to comment; to state; to say

remarkable adj. striking; noteworthy; extraordinary; exceptional

remind v. to cause to remember

remit n. act of forgiving; discharging; dispatching

remit v. to forgive; to absolve; to release; to discharge; to abate; to relax; to slacken; to send; to dispatch

幽幽草

&Dabbr. department in a company that develops new products

radiate v. to send out rays or waves; to issue or emerge in rays or waves

raise n. increase in salary; wage increase

raise v. to elevate; to lift; to excite; to arouse; to cause; to bring about; to grow; to cultivate

ranches n. farm with large pastureland for raising livestock

randomly adv. accidentally; by chance

range n. mountain chain; meadow; pasture; scope; extent; shooting gallery; field; domain; assortment

range v. to determine the scope of a target; to extend; to stretch; to vary; to fluctuate within certain boundaries

rank v. to arrange in a line; to arrange in a row; to grade; to classify; to assign a rank

rarely adv. infrequently; not often; seldom

rate n. proportion between two things; price, cost; speed, pace; tax, assessment

rate v. to assess, to appraise, to determine value; to grade, to classify, to sort

rational adj. logical; reasonable; intelligent; prudent; expressible as a whole number (Mathematics)

razor n. a sharp-edged cutting instrument used especially for shaving the face or other body parts; an electric instrument with vibrating or rotating blades used for shaving

razor v. to shave, cut, or remove with or as with a razor

readership n. total number of people who subscribe to a particular publication

readiness n. preparedness; willingness; promptness; quickness

rear adj. back; hind

rear n. back end; hindmost unit of an army (or fleet, etc.)

reasonable adj. rational; logical; intelligent; wise; plausible; likely; credible

rebound n. backlash

rebound v. to spring back

rebuild v. to reconstruct; to erect again

recant v. to give up; to renounce; to deny; to disavow; to retract

recap v. to reclose with a cap; to replace a cap; to put new treads onto a tire; to recapitulate; to summarize; to review with a short summary

receipt n. bill of sale; written statement of purchases

reception n. acceptance; event in which guests are formally welcomed by their host; check-in

receptionist n. person who greets visitors or clients on the telephone and upon their arrival

recession n. slow economy, period characterized by a decline in the gross domestic product during two or more consecutive quarters; ebb, decline; withdrawal; act of receding

recipe n. a set of directions with a list of ingredients for making or preparing something, especially food; a formula for or means to a desired end

recipient n. person who accepts; person who takes or gets

reclaim v. to demand the return of property; to regain possession; to repossess

recognition n. acknowledgment; identification

recognizable adj. identifiable; determinable; able to be distinguished; can be recognized

recognize v. to identify; to acknowledge; to know; to admit; to acknowledge as true

recommend v. to advocate; to endorse; to speak well of; to advise; to suggest

recommendation n. endorsement; approval; letter of reference; suggestion; advice

recompense v. to award compensation to; to award compensation for; make a return for

reconsider v. to contemplate again

reconstruct v. to construct again; rebuild; to assemble or build again mentally; re-create; to cause to adopt a new attitude or outlook

recover v. to get well; to get back; to regain; to obtain again

recovery n. recuperation; getting well; return

recruit n. new member of a group; one who is newly enlisted or drafted into the armed forces

recruit v. to enlist or draft new members (esp. for the armed forces); to gain; to obtain; to procure

recruitment n. act of enlisting or drafting new members (esp. into the armed forces)

rectangle n. parallelogram

rectify v. to fix; to repair; to correct; to calibrate; to adjust

redemption n. the act of redeeming or the condition of having been redeemed; recovery of something pawned or mortgaged; the payment of an obligation, as a government's payment of the value of its bonds

refer v. to send; to direct; to ascribe to; to relate to; to pertain to; to apply to; to call attention to; to allude to

幽幽草

qualification n. fitness; suitability; act of making suitable; restrictive modification; limitation; diploma or certificate stating one's abilities

qualify v. to train; to certify; to meet the minimum standards; to limit; to restrict; to attribute a quality or characteristic; to moderate; to modify

quality adj. excellent; having superior characteristics; fine

quality n. degree of excellence; characteristic; attribute; nature; character; excellence

quantity n. amount; extent; measure; degree; large amount; size; magnitude (Mathematics)

quarantine n. a period of time during which a vehicle, person, or material suspected of carrying a contagious disease is detained at a port of entry under enforced isolation to prevent disease from entering a country; enforced isolation or restriction of free movement imposed to prevent the spread of contagious disease

quarantine v. to isolate in or as if in quarantine; to isolate politically or economically

quarter adj. being one fourth; being one forth; having four equal parts

quarter n. one fourth; neighborhood; coin worth 25 cents (used in USA and Canada); quadrant; period of three months; place, location; district, region; mercy; clemency

quarterly adj. occurring every three months, taking place four times a year

quarterly adv. four times a year, once every three months

queue v. to stand in line; to make a row, to form a line (British)

queue n. line, file (British); row; braid, plait

quotation n. act of repeating the words of another person; citation, passage taken from another source; reference; commercial offer; statement of price, offer of a price; price that has been stated or offered

quote n. citation, passage taken from another source; commercial offer; quotation mark, punctuation mark used to enclose a direct citation

quote v. to cite, to repeat the words of another person; to offer as evidence to support a claim; to state a price, to offer a price; to enclose in quotation marks

幽幽草

potent adj. possessing inner or physical strength; powerful; exerting or capable of exerting strong influence; cogent

potential adj. possible; capable of becoming; able to be

potential n. possibility; ability; capability of being; possible energy (Electricity)

powerful adj. exerting great force; effective; potent; producing the desired effect; mighty; authoritative; influential

praiseworthy adj. meriting praise; highly commendable

precede v. to go before; to come before; to be in front; to be ahead of; to predate; to happen before

precept n. a rule or principle prescribing a particular course of action or conduct

precise adj. exact; not more and not less; meticulous; exacting; strict

precisely adv. exactly; accurately; definitely; certainly; surely

precondition n. advance stipulation; preliminary terms

precondition v. to train in advance; to put in the necessary condition ahead of time; to condition beforehand

predestination n. the act of predestining or the condition of being predestined; destiny; fate

predict v. to prophesy; to foretell; to announce in advance

predictable adj. can be prophesied; can be foretold

predisposition n. sensitivity; susceptibility (to disease, etc.)

predominate v. to control to rule over; to be superior; to be of higher rank or authority; to comprise a majority; to prevail; to preponderate; to be wide-spread

preempt v. to occupy a place; to take a place; to obtain at an advance opportunity; to acquire by preemptive right

preface n. introduction; foreword; opening statement

preface v. to use as an introduction; to use as a foreword; to write an introduction; to write a foreword

prefer v. to hold superior; to appoint; to nominate; to like better; to promote; to advance; to bring before (a judge, governor, etc.)

preference n. favor; liking; fondness; priority; superior status; something that is preferred; favorite; option within a menu that can be individually adjusted and determines the appearance or function of a program or operation system (Computers)

pregnant adj. carrying developing offspring within the body; weighty or significant; full of meaning; having a profusion of ideas

prejudice n. preconceived opinion; bias; sentence passed before proper examination of the circumstances

prejudice v. to express a preconceived opinion; to express one's biases; to infringe on someone's rights; to injure the rights of another

premises n. property; site; area; grounds; lands; office or building with the grounds belonging to it

premium n. supplementary charge; additional charge; amount paid for insurance; prize; reward; tuition

premonition n. a presentiment of the future; a foreboding; a warning in advance; a forewarning

prepaid adj. paid in advance; remunerated ahead of time; settled beforehand via payment

prerogative n. right; special privilege

prescribe v. to set down as a rule or guide; enjoin; to order the use of (a medicine or other treatment)

prescription n. written order for a medication; instruction; directive; order; command

preserve n. area of land set aside to protect natural resources and wildlife

preserve v. to guard; to keep safe; to keep; to defend; to protect; to make everlasting

president n. head; leader; chairman; chief

pressure n. exertion of force; application of weight; weight; burden; encumbrance

presume v. to take for granted; to dare; to venture; to take liberties; to permit oneself

pretend adj. simulated, feigned, make-believe

pretend v. to impersonate; to act in a role; to claim; to assert

pretense n. feigning; pretending; impersonation; false show; false appearance; claim; assertion

pretentious adj. impersonating; putting on a false appearance; pretending; feigning; arrogant; haughty

prevail v. to win; to succeed; to overcome; to surpass; to prove superior; to predominate; to rule; to reign

prevalent adj. common; widespread; current

prevent v. to cause not to happen; to avert; to delay; to impede; to hinder

preventive adj. averting; avoiding; delaying; inhibiting; hindering; designed to avert unwanted circumstances

preventive n. safeguard; something used to avert an unwanted situation

previous adj. earlier; antecedent; hasty; premature

previously adv. before; at an earlier time; in the past; antecedently

primarily adv. chiefly; principally; mainly; in the first place; initially

principal adj. chief; head; leading; primary; main; major; first in rank; of the highest importance or priority

principal n. school director, school master; capital sum (Finance)

principle n. doctrine; tenet; precept; fundamental law; primary law on which other laws are based

prior adj. earlier; antecedent; former

prior n. officer of a monastery, high-ranking member of a religious order

prioritize v. to set priorities; to organize according to importance

priority n. preference; precedence; higher rank; privileged position; seniority; precedence

privacy n. seclusion, solitude, reclusion; state of being private, secrecy, confidentiality; freedom from harassment or disturbance

privatize v. to transfer control from governmental to individual powers

privilege n. special individual right not enjoyed by others; benefit; right; advantage; prerogative; benefits given only to people of a particular group; immunity from legal prosecution

privilege v. to grant special rights; to give special advantages or benefits; to provide immunity from legal prosecution; to exempt; to release from a particular obligation

probably adv. almost certainly; very likely; apparently; in all likelihood

procedure n. routine; protocol; course of action; subroutine; sequence of instructions (Computers)

proceed v. to continue; to carry on; to advance; to progress; to move forward

process n. routine; course of action; advance; summons to court; program which uses some of a multitasking computer's system resources (Computers); projecting part in an organism

process v. to treat; to adapt; to prepare; to make ready

procrastinatev. to put off doing something; postpone doing what one should be doing

procure v. to obtain; to acquire; to get; to buy; to purchase

procurement n. purchase; sale; acquisition

production n. manufacture; assembly; output;, yield; process of publicizing a motion picture (or play, television program, etc.)

productivity n. generativeness, creativeness; fruitfulness, prolificness, state of accomplishing a large amount of work

profession n. vocation; skilled occupation; total people engaged in a profession; declaration; proclamation; avowal; acknowledgement

professional adj. of a skilled occupation; working in one of the skilled occupations

professional n. person who works in a skilled occupation, specialist

proficiency n. expertise; state of having expert skills; skillfulness; adeptness; masterfulness

profit n. earnings; financial gain; benefit; avail; financial income; advantage; privilege

profit v. to earn income; to make financial gains; to be of service; to be beneficial; to be advantageous

profitable adj. lucrative; paying; rewarding; beneficial; producing income

profuse adj. plentiful; abundant; generous; giving freely; extravagant; wasteful

profusion n. plentifulness; abundance; numerousness;, plurality; wasteful spending; squandering; lavishness; excess

programmer n. person who creates sets of instructions for a computer or other device

progress n. headway; forward movement; development; advancement

progress v. to advance; to move forward; to gain

prohibit v. to outlaw; to forbid by law; to interdict; to enjoin; to ban; to prevent; to hinder

proliferate v. to reproduce quickly; to multiply rapidly; to thrive; to grow quickly

proliferation n. rapid multiplication; rapid reproduction; prosperity; rapid growth; instance of thriving

prolific adj. fruitful, productive; abundant, plentiful; reproducing, multiplying; producing fruit

prolong v. to extend; to lengthen

promise n. pledge; vow; declaration of intention; source of hope; basis for expectations

promise v. to pledge; to give one's word; to vow; to commit oneself to a certain course of action

promote v. to further; to advance; to advance in rank or position; to foster sales through advertising; to encourage sales; to aid; to help; to assist; to obtain through trickery

promotional adj. of publicizing; of advancement; of encouragement; of fostering; of an enterprise; of an initiative

promulgate v. to make known (a decree, for example) by public declaration; announce officially; to put (a law) into effect by formal public announcement

proof adj. resistant; invulnerable; impervious; sealed; durable; capable of withstanding; used in proofreading; serving as a trial print

proof v. to make resistant; to make impervious; to make a trial print for proofreading; to proofread, to edit

propensity n. inclination; tendency; disposition; aptitude; special trait; distinct trait

property n. possessions; belongings; estate; assets; ownership; characteristic; attribute; prop used on-stage during a performance (Theater)

propitious adj. presenting favorable circumstances; auspicious; kindly; gracious

proposal n. suggestion; tender; plan; offer of marriage

propose v. to suggest; to recommend; to tender; to make an offer of marriage

proposition n. offer; plan; theory; theorem (Mathematics); problem

prosaic adj. common; regular; boring; tedious; unimaginative; dull; resembling prose; similar to the writing style for prose

proscribe v. to denounce or condemn; to prohibit; forbid; to banish or outlaw (a person)

prospect n. chance; probability of advancement or success; hope; promise; view; vista; scene; outlook; perspective; potential customer (Economics)

prospect v. to search for valuable materials (such as gold, oil, etc.); to examine an area for the presence of valuable materials

prospectus n. document or brochure providing a brief description of a project or enterprise (provided to potential clients or investors)

protection n. defense; shelter; safety; act of safeguarding; act of defending

protocol n. method of dealing with a certain subject; draft of a treaty; rules of behavior; standard for dealing with data transfer (Computers)

provision n. supply; stock; act of supplying or furnishing; measure; means; food; condition; stipulation

provision v. to supply with stock; to equip with supplies (esp. food)

proximity n. adjacency; nearness; closeness; vicinity

prudent adj. characterized by, arising from, or showing prudence

publication n. process of producing and distributing printed material; any printed material that has been produced and distributed (such as journals, pamphlets, etc.); act of publicizing, act of advertising

publicize v. to advertise; to bring to the attention of a large audience

pull out v. to remove; to withdraw; to abandon; to exit; to depart

purchase n. something which has been bought; act of buying

purchase v. to buy; to acquire in exchange for money; to procure; to obtain

pursue v. to chase after; to follow; to aspire to; to strive for; to continue; to carry on; to persist in; to work at

pursuit n. chase; hunt; quest;, search; occupation; pastime

pushy adj. bossy; domineering; controlling; aggressive; extremely self-assertive

put in v. to make an application; to enter; to let something or someone enter

put off v. to postpone; to disgust; to repulse; to deter

put up with v. to tolerate; to be patient

puzzle n. enigma; riddle; problem; game composed of differently shaped pieces which fit together to form a picture; jigsaw

puzzle v. to mystify; to baffle; to confound; to confuse; to perplex; to bewilder

幽幽草

pallet n. straw-filled mattress; hard and simple bed; platform used to stack items during moving or storage; potter's tool; board where ceramics are place while drying; board for holding and mixing paints

pamper v. to treat with excessive indulgence; to give in to; gratify

panel n. group of judges; board, flat piece of wood; band; strip; crew; team; staff

paradigm n. model; ideal; mold; form; example; pattern

parameter n. variable which determines the form of a function; value which is transferred to a function or program and affects its operation (Computers)

paramount adj. superior, supreme; above all; of the highest rank; most important

parentheses n. the characters ( ); text enclosed in parentheses; act of isolating by parentheses (Syntax)

participate v. to be involved; to join in

particular adj. special; unusual; uncommon; detailed; meticulous; precise; pedantic; strict

particular n. detail; individual characteristic; item; article; specific proposition (Logic)

particularly adv. especially; specifically

partition n. the act or process of dividing something into parts; the state of being so divided; a part or section into which something has been divided

part-time n. system used to place one event in relation to another (such as past vs. present, yesterday vs. today); period; era; hour; rate

passport n. official document issued by a given country that identifies one's citizenship and personal details and allows passage into foreign countries

patch n. area of fabric used to repair a hole; stain; bandage; lot; plot of land; small repair to a program which adds or changes only a small part of the program (Computers)

patch v. to cover a hole with a piece of material; to use as a patch; to use to cover a hole

path n. track; lane; route; search route; list of libraries where the operating system DOS will search for a file that the user tries to activate (Computers)

patience n. tolerance; forbearance

patron n. one that supports, protects, or champions someone or something; a customer, especially a regular customer

payable adj. may be settled

payment n. wage; salary; compensation; bonus; punishment

payroll n. financial sheet listing salaries; list of workers who receive wages and salaries

peculiar adj. exceptional; special; strange; odd; curious; unique; singular

peddle v. to hawk; to vend; to deal; to distribute; to sell

pedestrian adj. of, relating to, or made for pedestrians

pedestrian n. a person traveling on foot; a walker

pedicure n. cosmetic foot treatment

penalize v. to punish

penalty n. punishment; fine; punishment in the form of a financial payment

perceive v. to feel; to sense; to be aware of; to distinguish; to discern; to see; to behold

percent n. one part of a hundred

percentile n. one of a set of points on a scale arrived at by dividing a group into parts in order of magnitude

peremptory adj. putting an end to all debate or action; not allowing contradiction or refusal; imperative; offensively self-assured; dictatorial

perennial adj. lasting throughout the whole year; continuing for many years; perpetual; everlasting

perennial n. something that continues for many years

perfect adj. flawless; complete; undamaged

perfect v. to refine; to improve; to complete; to make faultless

perform v. to do; to carry out; to execute; to act; to fulfill a role in a show; to present; to arrange; to direct; to manage

performance n. show; presentation; execution; act; deed; act of presenting an artistic work to an audience

periodical adj. occurring at regular intervals; recurrent; cyclic; seasonal; periodic

periodical n. magazine; journal

perishable adj. expendable; spoils rapidly; likely to spoil; mortal

perishable n. product which can rot or spoil (fruit, food etc.)

permanent adj. lasting; enduring; perpetual; regular; fixed; invariable

permeate v. to enter; to penetrate; to infiltrate; to pervade; to suffuse

perpetuate v. to eternalize; to make everlasting; to preserve from extinction

persistence n. diligence; tenacity; stubbornness; continuation

persistent adj. tenacious; stubborn; persevering; constant; continual; diligent

personnel n. staff; work force; team; crew

perspective n. viewpoint; outlook; vista; view

perspiration n. the fluid, consisting of water with small amounts of urea and salts, that is excreted through the pores of the skin by the sweat glands; sweat; the act or process of perspiring

perspire v. to excrete perspiration through the pores of the skin

persuade v. to convince; to induce; to sway

persuasion n. inducement; act of convincing

pertain v. to belong to; to be connected to; to relate; to refer

pertinent adj. relevant; related; appropriate; fitting

pervasive adj. penetrating; infiltrating; spreading; extending; permeating; suffusing

petition n. a solemn supplication or request to a superior authority; an entreaty; a formal written document requesting a right or benefit from a person or group in authority

petrol n. type of fuel; gasoline (British)

pharmacist n. druggist; apothecary

pick up v. to choose; to select; to pluck; to pull out; to tear out; to peck; to strike with a sharp instrument

pioneer n. pathfinder; forerunner; person who paves the way; member of a military engineering corps

pioneer v. to pave the way; to create a path; to guide; to lead the way; to initiate; to originate

pipe n. tube; tube used for smoking tobacco; windpipe; trachea; flute; whistle; whistling sound; toot; character which instructs an operating system to direct output of one program to the input of another program (Computers)

pipe v. to convey a fluid; to transport a liquid; to make a high-pitched sound

pitch n. relative highness or lowness of a sound; tar; asphalt; throw; toss; slant; inclination; place of business

pitch v. to establish; to erect; to throw; to toss; to cover with tar; to spread with tar

place v. to put; to lay; to lodge; to house; to nominate; to appoint; to charge with

placid adj. serene; quiet; peaceful; tranquil; relaxed; calm

plaid n. colorful fabric with a pattern of square s and crossbars

plain adj. clear; evident; simple; unembellished; ugly; unattractive; flat; smooth

plausible adj. seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; credible; giving a deceptive impression of truth or reliability

plug n. cork; stopper; electrical connector; obstruction; block; fire hydrant; advertisement

plug v. to cap; to cork; to stop up; to block; to publicize; to advertise

plumber n. person who works with pipe and water systems

plummet v. to fall straight down; plunge; to decline suddenly and steeply

pointer n. indicator; something used to point; hand on a clock; clue; advice; hunting dog

poll n. voting, electing; list of voters; counting of votes; number of votes; referendum

poll v. to receive votes; to vote; to elect; to count votes; to make a survey; to trim tree branches; to prune a tree; to cut off the horns of an animal

ponder v. to reflect; to think; to consider; to meditate

portable adj. mobile; moveable; can be transported from one place to another

portfolio n. briefcase; attache case; list of securities and stocks; position of a government minister

portion n. a section or quantity within a larger thing; a part of a whole; a part separated from a whole; a part that is allotted to a person or group

portrait n. a likeness of a person, especially one showing the face, that is created by a painter or photographer; a verbal picture or description, especially of a person

pose n. stance

pose v. to stance

possess v. to control; to dominate; to hold; to have as a quality; to own; to have as property

possession n. custody; tenure; property; asset; control; ownership

possibility n. probability; feasibility; chance; likelihood

postage n. money paid for postal services; fee for sending letters or packages by mail

postpone v. to put off to a later time; to delay; to defer; to put off until later; to stay

posture n. viewpoint; standpoint; stance; condition; state; mood; attitude

posture v. to pretend; to feign

potency n. power; strength; force; capacity to be

幽幽草

obesity n. the condition of being obese; increased body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat

objection n. opposition; appeal; denial; protest

objective adj. impartial; unbiased; existing outside of the mind; relating to or characteristic of a direct object (Grammar); expressing or dealing with facts

objective n. aim; purpose, goal; objective case (Grammar)

obligation n. duty responsibility; indebtedness; agreement

obligatory adj. binding; compelling; must be done; necessary

oblivious adj. lacking all memory; forgetful; lacking conscious awareness; unmindful

observe v. to watch; to study; to monitor; to supervise; to discern; to keep; to honor; to fulfill religious commandments; to follow; to abide by; to remark; to comment

obsolete adj. ancient; archaic; no longer in use; outdated; disappearing; useless

obtain v. to acquire; to come by; to procure; to secure; to earn; to achieve

obviate v. to anticipate and dispose of effectively; render unnecessary

obvious adj. clear; unmistakable; apparent; evident; plain

obviously adv. clearly; unmistakably; plainly; apparently

occasion n. opportunity; occurrence, event; incident; reason; cause; justification

occupancy n. period of residence; act of taking possession (Law); right of possession

occupation n. act of forcefully taking possession of an area; seizure; conquest; possession or settlement of land

occupied adj. conquered; seized; filled; taken up; in use (about a bathroom); inhabited; populated; absorbed, engrossed

occur v. to happen; to take place; to transpire; to come to mind; to suggest itself

occurrence n. happening; event; incident

offence n. attack; (Sports) side that pursues (rather than defends); misdeed; insult; state of being offended; transgression (also offense)

offender n. transgressor; person who breaks the law; one who insults

offense n. attack; (Sports) side that pursues (rather than defends); misdeed; insult; state of being offended; transgression (also offence)

offensive n. attack; act of aggression; position of pursuit or aggression

official n. person who holds public position; authority

offset n. outcome; compensation; counterbalance; printing method in which a printing plate transfers ink to a blanket which in turn transfers the ink to the paper (the plate does not directly touch the paper)

offset v. to compensate; to balance; to print with an offset printing press

omission n. deletion; negligence; failure; default

omit v. to delete; to skip over; to neglect

onus n. responsibility; duty; burden; impediment; blame

operate v. to act; to function; to manage; to use; to activate; to perform surgery

operation n. working, performance, handling; venture, undertaking; series of actions, procedure (e.g. mathematical operations); campaign; series of activities to achieve a goal (e.g. military operations); surgery

operational adj. working; functional; ready for use

operator n. one who activates; worker of a telephone switchboard; worker; operation symbol; character which signifies a logical or mathematical operation between several numbers (Computers)

opinion n. attitude; outlook; formal judgment or estimation

opportune adj. appropriate; fitting; well-timed; timely; proper; expedient

opportunity n. chance; occasion; favorable time to act

oppose v. to be in contention or conflict with; to be resistant to; to place opposite in contrast or counterbalance

opposite adj. facing, across from; contrary; reverse; different; antithetical

opposite adv. on or towards an opposite side; contrarily

opposite n. contrast; something contrary

oppositeprep. across from; facing

optimal adj. most favorable or desirable; optimum

option n. choice; alternative; possibility; selection; election

ordinary adj. regular; common

organize v. to arrange; to order; to systematize; to establish; to set up; to unite; to compile; to structure

origin n. source; beginning; birth; parentage; nationality

original adj. first; primary; innovative; creative; novel

original n. source from which something arises; originator; prototype; model; original work (as opposed to an imitation)

originality n. state of not being a derivative of anything else

originally adv. at first; in the first place; in a unique manner

originate v. to begin; to be created; to result from; to develop; to be born; to be produced

ostensible adj. apparent; seeming

ostentatious adj. showy; pretentious; bombastic; pompous; garish

outbound adj. leaving; sailing; traveling to another country

outdoor adj. of nature

outlet n. exit; means of relief (emotional, physical, etc.); electrical source for connecting appliances; store that sells products directly from the manufacturer (often at a discount); shop; joint; store

output n. yield; product; manufacture; information sent out from a computer (Computers)

outside adj. external; of the outdoors; from the outdoors; maximal

outstanding adj. excellent; conspicuous; prominent; notable; owing, due; unsettled (about a payment); unresolved

overall n. one piece garment made of trousers and a piece of cloth that covers the chest and has shoulder straps (originally worn to protect clothes while working)

overcome v. to subdue; to solve

overdraft n. limit to which money may be withdrawn from the bank on credit

overhaul n. an act of overhauling; a repair job

overhaul v. to examine or go over carefully for needed repairs; to dismantle in order to make repairs; to make extensive renovations or revisions on; renovate; to catch up with; overtake

overhead adj. of general expenses; general; positioned or directed over the head

overhead adv. from above; above; in the sky

overhead n. general expenses; manufacturing and business expenses; information which is attached to a message on a network in order to ensure error-free transmission to the correct destination (Computers)

overhear v. to hear (speech or someone speaking) without the speaker's awareness or intent

overlap v. to cover a part of; to have something in common

overlook v. to inspect; to supervise; to miss; to omit; to ignore; to excuse

overseas adj. beyond or across the sea; foreign

overseas adv. across the sea; from beyond the sea; over the sea

oversee v. to supervise; to manage; to inspect

overt adj. plain; clear; visible; public; intentional; undisguised (Law)

overtime adv. exceeding regular working hours; additional time (as in a sports game in order to break a tie score)

overtime n. work beyond regular working hours; pay for such work; extra time, additional time (as in a sports game in order to break a tie score)

overview n. synopsis; general survey; introduction

overwhelm v. to defeat; to master; to crush; to stagger; to stun; to daze; to flood; to engulf

owe v. to be indebted to; to be under obligation to pay or repay; to feel that a certain thing is deserved; to have an emotion or attitude toward someone or something

ownership n. legal right of possession

幽幽草

name v. to appoint; to specify; to identify; to designate

narrow adj. tight; strait; reduced; not wide

narrow v. to limit; to restrict; to contract; to lessen in width; to taper

nationality n. citizenship; quality of being part of a particular nation; patriotism; national ownership (of property)

nearby adj. close at hand

nearby adv. next to; alongside

necessarily adv. as a logical result; unavoidably

necessary adj. vital; essential; indispensable; unavoidable

necessary n. something that is essential or imperative; essentials of life (food, clothing, and shelter)

necessity n. obligation; need; requirement

neglect n. disregard; inattention; forgetfulness; abandonment

neglect v. to disregard; to ignore; to forget to perform (a duty); to shirk; to abandon

negligence n. neglect; disregard, carelessness; failure to provide the necessary provision for (Law)

negligible adj. not significant or important enough to be worth considering; trifling

negotiable adj. describing an assets or item which can easily be sold or transferred

negotiate v. to bargain; to deal; to arrange; to work out; to compromise; to clear or pass an obstacle

negotiator n. person who participates in a bargaining session; person who negotiates

nevertheless adv. anyway; anyhow; still; all the same

newsletter n. short informational periodical that is usually distributed to the members of an interest group

nexus n. means of connection; link; joint; connected group

nominate v. to appoint someone (for a position, office, or honor); to designate; to select

nomination n. appointment; proposal of a candidate (for an office or an honor)

nominee n. person who has been appointed; candidate

notebook n. portable personal computer; laptop computer

notice n. announcement; poster, sign; notification (often of termination of employment or a living situation); warning; attention; consideration

notify v. to give notice to; inform

novel adj. new; strange

novelty n. innovation; something new; discovery

nuance n. slight difference; subtle distinction

nurse v. to breast-feed; to suckle; to provide medical care; to take care of; to work as a nurse; to use up slowly; to dwell on; to harbor (especially of jealousy or anger)

幽幽草

magnificent adj. splendid; majestic; superb; glorious; impressive

maintain v. to keep in existence; to keep in good condition; to preserve; to support; to provide for; to affirm; to declare; to assert; to insist

maintenance n. upkeep; repairs; livelihood; means of support

majority n. greater number or part; number greater than half of the total

malevolence n. the quality or state of being malevolent; malicious behavior

malevolent adj. having or exhibiting ill will; wishing harm to others; malicious; having an evil or harmful influence

malfunction n. failure to function; faulty or abnormal functioning

malfunction v. to fail to function; to function improperly

mall n. shopping center; variety of stores and businesses housed within a series of connected buildings or within a single building; pedestrian walkway; promenade

maltreat v. to treat in a rough or cruel way; abuse

managerial adj. relating to supervision and responsibility

mandate n. command; order; authorization granted from one body to a subordinate body

mandate v. to grant a country the right to administer a territory; to issue a command; to make an official order

mandatory adj. required or commanded by authority; obligatory; of, having the nature of, or containing a mandate; holding a League of Nations mandate over a territory

manifest adj. clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious

manifest n. a list of cargo or passengers carried on a ship or plane; an invoice of goods carried on a truck or train; a list of railroad cars according to owner and location

manifest v. to show or demonstrate plainly; reveal; to be evidence of; prove

manifold adj. many and varied; of many kinds; multiple; having many features or forms

manifold n. a whole composed of diverse elements; one of several copies

manifold v. to make several copies of, as with carbon paper; to make manifold; multiply

manual adj. physical; done using human skill or force

manual n. instructional booklet; handbook

manually adv. by hand; physically

manufacture n. product made by hand or by machine

manufacture v. to make by machine; to produce; to crate; to make; to fabricate; to invent

margin n. profit from the difference between costs and net sales

margin v. to set apart an additional amount of space or money for security

maternal adj. motherly; related through a mother; relating to or characteristic of a mother or motherhood

maximum adj. greatest; most; utmost; highest

maximum n. greatest quantity or amount possible; highest capacity; most possible; height; peak; limit

mayor n. elected official acting as executive head of a town or city

meaning n. definition; significance; intention; explanation

means n. method; way; medium; resources; funds

measurable adj. estimable; determinable; assessable

measure n. action; step; unit of size or capacity; criterion; amount; degree; extent; meter

measure v. to weigh; to gauge; to quantify; to assess; to evaluate; to estimate; to allocate

measurement n. calculation of size or extent; assessment of capacity or dimension

meddle v. to intrude into other people's affairs or business; interfere; to handle something idly or ignorantly; tamper

mediocre adj. regular; ordinary; neither; good nor bad; low-grade; poor

meditation n. the act or process of meditating; a devotional exercise of or leading to contemplation

meditate v. to reflect on; contemplate; to plan in the mind; intend

medium n. means by which something is accomplished; means of expression; channel of communication; middle man; intermediary; broker

membership n. state of belonging to an organization or group; fellowship

memo n. reminder; internal document

mental adj. of or relating to the mind; intellectual; psychological

mentor n. adviser; counselor; person who guides and teaches; spiritual instructor

merchandise n. goods; ware; stock; articles or items to be sold

merchandise v. to trade; to plan for and promote for sales of; to market goods

merge v. to blend; to be blended; to combine or unite into a single body; to be assimilated

merger n. fusion; agglomeration; result of the collaboration of two or more corporations into a single corporation

meter n. instrument that automatically measures quantities of substances (gas, water or electricity)

meticulous adj. pedantic; cautious concerning minute details; scrupulous

metropolitan adj. characteristic of a capital city; sophisticated

metropolitan n. resident of a capital city; sophisticated big-city person

microphone n. an instrument that converts sound waves into an electric current, usually fed into an amplifier, a recorder, or a broadcast transmitter

migrant n. one that moves from one region to another by chance, instinct, or plan; an itinerant worker who travels from one area to another in search of work

millennium n. unit of time equal to one thousand years; thousandth year anniversary

mingle v. to mix or bring together in combination, usually without loss of individual characteristics; to mix so that the components become united; merge

minimum adj. pertaining to the smallest; indicating the least

minimum n. least possible amount; smallest possible size; lowest degree

minority n. part of a population differing in some characteristic (race, language, religion, etc.); state of being under legal age

miserably adv. without pleasure or happiness; wretchedly; poorly

misgiving n. apprehension; worry; doubt; hesitation; reservation

misplace v. to put into a wrong place; to mislay; to bestow (confidence, for example) on an improper, unsuitable, or unworthy person or idea

mission n. task; assignment; delegation; errand; religious delegation; building used by a religious delegation

mistreatment n. abuse; molestation

misunderstand v. to interpret incorrectly; to comprehend incorrectly

misunderstanding n. incorrect understanding; incorrect interpretation

misuse n. improper, unlawful, or incorrect use; misapplication

misuse v. to use incorrectly; to mistreat or abuse

mitigate v. to soften in force or severity; to lessen the impact or intensity of; to appease; to make easier; to sweeten; to be assuaged; to become less severe (about punishments, circumstances, emotions, etc.)

mobilize v. to move; to circulate; to draft; to assemble for action (especially armed reserves)

moderately adv. mildly; deliberatively; in a temperate manner; not excessively; in a manner that is not extreme; reasonably

modest adj. humble; unpretentious; unassuming; moderate; simple; limited; decent or appropriate in thought or dress; not provocatively dressed

modification n. change; adjustment, agreement; adaptation; restriction; qualification (Grammar); moderation; process of being modified

mollify v. to calm; to soften; to pacify; to relieve

momentum n. force of movement; product of the mass of a body of matter multiplied by its velocity (Physics, Mechanics); strength or motivation derived from an initial effort

money supply n. the total amount of funds in circulation in a given country's economy

monitor n. supervisor; device for regulating (esp. the transmission quality of radio and television broadcasts); screen, device that produces the visual display (Computers); one who oversees; inspector; that which warns or cautions

monitor v. to supervise; to observe; to follow up on; to check up on; to regulate the quality of radio or television broadcasts; to keep track of; to regulate

mood n. state of mind; predominant emotion; type of verb inflection (Grammar)

moral adj. ethical; virtuous; righteous; principled; conforming to accepted standards; having integrity

moral n. ethic; lesson; principle

mortgage n. conditional conveyance of property as for security on a loan; pledging, lien

mortgage v. to sign over property to a creditor as security for money that is owed; to obligate

motivate v. to prompt; to spur; to provide inspiration; to stir to action; to induce; to cause

motivation n. incentive; drive; inspiration; state of being stirred to action

motive adj. of reason or cause; inspiring to action

motive n. something that causes a person to act; cause; incentive; purpose; intention

muddle n. a disordered condition; a mess or jumble; mental confusion

muddle v. to make turbid or muddy; to mix confusedly; jumble; to confuse or befuddle (the mind), as with alcohol; to mismanage or bungle

mug n. a heavy cylindrical drinking cup usually having a handle; the amount that such a cup can hold

mull v. to think over; to ponder; to contemplate; to heat and spice for drinking (usually wine or cider)

multitude n. the condition or quality of being numerous; a very great number; the masses; the populace

murmur n. a low, indistinct, continuous sound; an indistinct, whispered, or confidential complaint; a mutter

murmur v. to make a low, continuous, indistinct sound or succession of sounds; to complain in low mumbling tones; grumble

myriad n. great number of persons or things; many; a lot; composed of a countless number of items