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jeopardize v. to endanger; to place in danger; to imperil; to put at risk

jeopardy n. danger; peril; hazard; risk; endangerment; imperilment

junction n. intersection; crossing; connection; point of convergence; meeting point; place where two things meet and cross (roads, rivers, etc.)

justify v. to vindicate; to defend; to support; to excuse

kit n. set; equipment; furnishings; outfit; clothing; wash basin

landlord n. one that owns and rents land, buildings, or dwelling units

landscape n. view; scenery; photograph of scenery; painting or drawing of scenery; horizontal page orientation

landscaper n. person who designs gardens or large areas

lasting adj. continuing; enduring; remaining for a long time; durable

launch n. act of launching; act of sending out; act of starting or initiating; commencement; inauguration

launch v. to start; to run; to activate; to inaugurate; to throw; to break into

lawsuit n. case in a court of law brought by one party against another; legal claim

lay off v. to postpone; to dismiss from a job; to fire

layer n. thickness of some material that covers a surface; covering; bed; stratum

layman n. inexperienced person; person who is not a member of the clergy; member of the laity; person who does not belong to a particular profession

layout n. arrangement; plan; sketch; drawing; something which has been arranged

leaflet n. sheet of paper on which information has been printed; flyer

leakage n. something which escapes or passes through a hole or opening (i.e. liquid, gas, etc.); act of leaking; leak

lease n. contract which gives another the right to use or inhabit a property for a period of time in exchange for rent; period of time during which a lease is valid; property which is contracted to another

lease v. to rent out property for a specific period of time; to let; to possess or occupy under the terms of a lease

leather n. tanned and preserved animal skin from which the hair or fur has been removed; item made of tanned and preserved animal skin

legacy n. inheritance; bequest; something handed down from one's ancestors

legible adj. possible to read or decipher; plainly discernible; apparent

legislation n. the act or process of legislating; lawmaking; a proposed or enacted law or group of laws

legitimate adj. lawful; acceptable; justified; reasonable; logical; correct; sound; authorized

legitimate v. to make valid; to make lawful; to justify; to make permissible

leisure n. time free from work other demands and duties; free time; rest; recreation

letterhead n. line printed at the top of a piece of stationary (usually containing a name, address, etc.); stationary printed with a heading

leverage n. influence; ability to affect or alter people or circumstance; use of borrowed money to increase the return on an investment

leverage v. to use one's influence to affect people or circumstances; to increase return on an investment by using borrowed money

levy n. act or process of collecting or conscripting (money, property, etc.) by a government or other authority; something which is collected through a levy

levy v. to impose a tax or fine; to conscript troops

liability n. financial obligation; debt; responsibility; obligation; disadvantage; handicap; likelihood

liable adj. under legal obligation; responsible; likely; prone; susceptible; subject to

liberal adj. in favor of reform; supporting a progressive philosophy; tolerant; open-minded; generous; abundant

liberal n. person who favors political and social reform; person who supports a progressive political philosophy

license n. permit; official permission; authorization; document which shows proof of authorization; certificate

license v. to issue a license; to grant a permit; to authorize; to permit; to allow

lifestyle n. way of life

likelihood n. probability; chance; feasibility; possibility

limited adj. confined within a boundary; restricted; narrow; mediocre

linger v. to be slow in leaving, especially out of reluctance; tarry; to persist; to be tardy in acting; procrastinate

linkage n. a connection or relation; an association

literate adj. able to read and write; knowledgeable or educated in a particular field or fields

litter n. refuse; trash; disorder

litter v. to toss or dump garbage in an unauthorized place; to scatter objects in disorder

loan v. to lend a sum of money for a period of time; to give temporarily

locate v. to situate; to place; to identify; to find; to settle

located adj. situated; placed; identified; found; existing; standing

location n. place; position; situation; site; spot

locksmith n. person who makes and fixes keys and fasting mechanisms

logistics n. planning and execution; management of a business or other operation; department of a company which oversees and maintains material and other recourses

logo n. graphic symbol which represents a company or organization

look forward to v. to anticipate gladly

look into v. to investigate

look over v. to examine

loom v. to appear as a large and indistinct form; to appear as larger than life; to impend; to weave fabric on a loom

loop n. rope which has curved and doubled over itself leaving a circular opening; something which has a curved or circular shape

loop v. to form a loop; to make circular shape

lounge n. sofa; couch; large public waiting room; lobby; room in which cocktails are served; living room; slow walk; stroll

lounge v. to lie down; to recline; to move in a relaxed manner; to walk lazily

loyal adj. faithful; true to one's obligations

loyalty n. faithfulness; devotion; constancy

lucid adj. comprehensible; intelligible; rational; sane; transparent; bright; radiant; shining

lucrative adj. profitable; yielding monetary rewards; gainful

luggage n. suitcases; cases and bags carried by travelers

luncheon n. afternoon party where a light meal is served

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infuse v. to put into or introduce as if by pouring; to fill or cause to be filled with something; to introduce (a solution) into the body through a vein for therapeutic purposes

ingest v. to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption; to take in and absorb as food

ingratiate v. to bring (oneself, for example) into the favor or good graces of another, especially by deliberate effort

ingratitude n. lack of gratitude; ungratefulness

ingredient n. component; element; factor; one of the substances which comprises a mixture

inhabit v. to occupy; to live in; to dwell in; to reside in; to populate

inhabitant n. person who lives in a particular place; resident; tenant; occupant

inherent adj. intrinsic; existing as a natural and integral part; natural; inborn

inhibit v. to hold back; restrain; to prohibit; forbid

initial n. beginning letter of a person's first name; first letter (as of a word)

initial v. to sign using the first letter or letters of a name

initialed adj. signed with initials; marked with the first letter or letter of a name

initially adv. at first; in the first place; at the beginning

initiate v. to set going; to launch; to begin; to start

initiative adj. beginning; introductory

initiative n. enterprise; drive; ambition; beginning move in a process; first step

inject v. to force or drive (a fluid) into something; to introduce (a drug or vaccine, for example) into a body part, especially by means of a syringe; to introduce into conversation or consideration; to place into an orbit, trajectory, or stream

injection n. the act of injecting; something that is injected, especially a dose of liquid medicine injected into the body

innocent adj. not guilty; free from sin or wrongdoing; pure; simple; naive; unsophisticated; harmless

innocent n. person who is free from sin or wrongdoing; person who is simple or naïve

innovate v. to make changes; to create something new; to invent

innovation n. introduction of something new; change; new method or practice

innovator n. person who makes changes; person who introduces new methods or procedures; creative person

innumerable adj. too numerous to be counted; numberless

inquiry n. formal question; exploration; questioning; investigation

inscribe v. to write, print, carve, or engrave (words or letters) on or in a surface; to enter (a name) on a list or in a register; to sign one's name or write a brief message in or on (a gift book or photograph, for example)

insecticide n. A chemical substance used to kill insects

insist v. to demand; to emphasize firmly; to request firmly; to require; to persevere

inspect v. to check; to look over carefully and critically; to examine officially; to review

inspection n. act of looking over carefully and critically; official examination; audit; review

inspector n. person whose job it is to supervise and examine; police officer ranking below a superintendent

inspiration n. something which stimulates or animates; stimulus; motivation; something inspired; revelation; insight; idea

inspire v. to motivate; to stimulate; to provoke; to influence; to encourage; to cause

inspiring adj. motivating; stimulating; animating; encouraging; provoking; breathing in; inhaling

install v. to set up for use; to put in (i.e. machinery); to establish in an office or position

installment n. one of several separate payments into which a debt has been divided

instance n. occurrence; occasion; example; illustration; prosecution of a case; urgency; pressing importance

instance v. to refer to a case or occurrence to explain or prove a point; to cite; to mention

instant adj. immediate; quick; urgent; pressing; quickly prepared; needing little work or effort to be ready; present; current

instant n. moment; very short space of time; present moment; food or beverage which can be prepared in a very short amount of time

instantaneous adj. immediate; momentary

instill v. to introduce by gradual, persistent efforts; implant; to pour in (medicine, for example) drop by drop

instinctively adv. naturally; spontaneously; intuitively; automatically

institute n. institution; foundation; organization which provides a certain service or supports a particular cause; college which specializes in a particular field or area or instruction (i.e. art)

institute v. to establish; to found; to set up; to begin; to initiate; to start

institution n. organization; custom; convention; law or activity which is accepted in a society

instruct v. to inform; to direct; to guide; to command; to order; to educate; to teach

instructor n. educator; teacher; trainer

instrument n. tool, implement; device; appliance; musical instrument; agent; means; document

instrument v. to equip with devices for measuring, recording, or controlling

insulate v. to separate from others; to segregate

insult n. affront; offense; rude remark or action

insult v. to speak or act in a rude or contemptuous manner; to offend; to affront

insurance n. contract by which property or persons are guaranteed against damage or loss; something which protects or guarantees safety

insure v. to provide a guarantee against possible damage or loss; to make certain

intangible adj. incapable of being perceived by the senses; incapable of being realized or defined

integrate v. To make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify; to join with something else; unite

integrity n. honesty; uprightness; morality; wholeness; unity; unimpaired condition

intellectual adj. rational rather than emotional; appealing to or engaging the intellect

intellectual n. an intellectual person

intelligence n. ability to reason and understand; cleverness; brilliance; knowledge; information; collecting of information

intelligible adj. capable of being understood; capable of being apprehended by the intellect alone

intense adj. extreme; great; powerful; high; strong; profound; deep; acute; severe

intensify v. to increase; to strengthen; to heighten

intensity n. strength; energy; extreme degree; depth; clarity

intensive adj. characterized by a high degree; highly concentrated

intention n. determination to do something in particular; plan; aim; goal; purpose; meaning; import; significance

interact v. to act on each other

intercept v. to stop, deflect, or interrupt the progress or intended course of

interchangeable adj. can be traded; can be substituted by something else

interfere v. to impede; to obstruct; to hinder; to meddle; to intrude in the affairs of other; to collide; to block

interim adj. temporary; provisional

interim adv. meanwhile; in the meantime

interim n. temporary arrangement; in between period

interior adj. inner; inside; of something which is inside; inland; of a country's domestic affairs; of an individual's inner life

interior n. inside; inside a building; inland section of a country

interject v. to place between other things; to throw into the center of; to interpolate; to insert a remark or comment in the middle of a conversation

interminable adj. being or seeming to be without an end; endless; tiresomely long; tedious

intermittent adj. not continuous; sporadic; fitful; alternately stopping and starting

internal adj. inner; inside; located within; of a country's domestic affairs; of an individual's inner life; private; mental

internal n. inner quality; intrinsic characteristic

international adj. between countries; involving or belonging to two or more countries; of relations between two or more countries

internationalize v. to bring under the jurisdiction of two or more nations; to globalize; to make worldwide

interpret v. to explain; to clarify; to elucidate; to translate from one language to another (orally); to understand or explain in a particular way; to translate from one language to another (orally)

interpreter n. person who translates from one language to another (orally); person how clarifies; commentator

interrupt v. to stop; to discontinue; to disturb; to bring a conversation to a halt

interruption n. disturbance; disruption; discontinuance; stoppage; cutting-off

intersection n. the act, process, or result of intersecting; a place where things intersect, especially a place where two or more roads cross

intimidate v. to make timid; fill with fear; to coerce or inhibit by or as if by threats

intricate adj. complex; complicated; involved; entangled

intrigue n. a secret or underhand scheme; a plot

intrigue v. to engage in secret or underhand schemes; plot

introductory adj. preliminary; beginning; serving as an introduction

invade v. to enter by force in order to conquer or pillage; to encroach or intrude on; violate

inventory n. stock; list of assets; act of checking stock

investigate v. to observe or inquire into in detail; examine systematically

invincible adj. incapable of being overcome or defeated; unconquerable

invisible adj. impossible to see; imperceptible; hidden; concealed

invoke v. to call on (a higher power) for assistance, support, or inspiration; to appeal to or cite in support or justification; to resort to; use or apply

involve v. to cause to be concerned with; to entangle; to engage; to engross; to complicate; to incriminate

involvement n. inclusion; participation; connection; association; complexity; entanglement; relation; participation

irrelevant adj. not relevant; beside the point; unconnected; impertinent; immaterial

irritate v. to annoy; to bother; to aggravate; to anger

irritated adj. annoyed; aggravated; exasperated

irritation n. something which annoys or aggravates

issue n. topic; subject; matter; question; problem; end result; publication (i.e. newspaper, magazine, newsletter, etc.); act of sending out; distribution

issue v. to publish; to distribute; to circulate; to come forth; to put out; to emit; to result from

itemize v. to catalog; to list; to enumerate; to set down in full detail

itinerary n. route; travel route; travel plans; travel journal; record of a journey; travel guidebook

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ideal n. standard of perfection; pattern; model; person or thing that embodies a standard of perfection

idealize v. to represent as the embodiment of perfection; to view someone or something as ideal

identification n. verification of a person or thing; recognition; the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering

identify v. to recognize; to show to be the same; to sympathize; to relate; to associate oneself with a particular cause or idea

idle adj. lazy; vain; futile; unoccupied; unemployed; groundless; without foundation; worthless; unimportant

idle v. to lounge; to do nothing; to laze around; to waste time; to operate at minimum speed (of an engine or machine)

ignorance n. lack of knowledge; illiteracy; lack of education; state of being uninformed

ignore v. to disregard; to overlook; to refuse to recognize; to reject

illegible adj. not legible or decipherable

illegitimate adj. against the law; illegal; incorrectly deduced; illogical

illicit adj. not sanctioned by custom or law; unlawful

illuminate v. to provide or brighten with light; to make understandable; clarify; to enlighten intellectually or spiritually; enable to understand

illustrate v. to exemplify; to clarify; to explain; to depict; to elucidate

illustration n. picture in a book or other work; explanation; clarification; explanation

imaginary adj. not real; fanciful

imagination n. ability of the mind to create mental images which do not exist in reality; creation of such mental images

imagine v. to envision; to create a mental image which does not literally exist; to fantasize; to visualize; to think; to suppose; to assume; to guess

imitate v. to use or follow as a model; to copy the actions, appearance, mannerisms, or speech of; mimic; to copy exactly; reproduce; to appear like; resemble

immediate adj. instantaneous; prompt; accomplished quickly; direct; having no intermediary; close

immediately adv. right away; shortly; at once; without delay

immerse v. to cover completely in a liquid; submerge; to engage wholly or deeply; absorb

impair v. to cause to diminish, as in strength, value, or quality

impatient adj. unable to wait; intolerant; restless

impede v. to delay; to obstruct; to hinder; to prevent; to thwart

impediment n. something that impedes; a hindrance or obstruction; an organic defect preventing clear articulation

imperative adj. necessary; obligatory; commanding

imperative n. necessity; obligation; command; order

implement n. tool; instrument; piece of equipment

implement v. to perform; to put into effect; to carry out; to execute; to realize; to equip with tools

implementation n. realization; carrying out; performing; putting into effect; execution; act of equipping with tools

implication n. consequence; outcome; result; act of implying; something implied; indirect suggestion; connotation; hint; state of being involved in an action or event

implicit adj. implied or understood though not directly expressed; contained in the nature of something though not readily apparent; having no doubts or reservations; unquestioning

imply v. to suggest indirectly; to hint; to infer; to mean; to import

import n. brining in of goods from another country; opposite of export; meaning; significance

import v. to bring from another place; to bring goods from a foreign country; to signify; to imply; to be important; to be significant

important adj. significant; consequential; influential; essential; crucial; critical; prominent

impose v. to require; to compel; to force upon; to enforce; to institute

impossible adj. unbearable; cannot be done; cannot be endured

impress v. to affect strongly; to emphasize; to stamp; to make a mark using pressure

impression n. strong feeling or idea left by an experience; effect; vague memory; stamp; imprint; stamping; impressing

impressive adj. grand; magnificent; striking

improve v. to make better; to increase in quality; to enhance; to become better; to evolve; to develop; to fix up; to repair; to increase the value of; to take advantage of; to make good use of; to recuperate

improvement n. state of being made better; something which enhances or improves; addition or change which adds value to something

improvident adj. not providing for the future; thriftless; rash; incautious

imprudent adj. unwise or indiscreet; not prudent

impulse n. instinctual urge; sudden desire; whim; wave of energy sent via a nerve

inadvertent adj. not duly attentive; marked by unintentional lack of care

inalienable adj. non-transferable

inanimate adj. lifeless; spiritless

inbound adj. traveling in an inward direction

incentive adj. provocative; stimulating; encouraging

incentive n. stimulus; inducement; enticement; encouragement

incite v. to provoke and urge on

incline n. slope; grade; slant

incline v. to slope; to tilt; to bend; to bow; to lean; to be disposed; to tend toward; to gravitate; to slant; to cause to bend; to influence

inclusive adj. containing; comprehensive; all-embracing; extensive; taking in

income n. amount of money received in payment for goods or services or from other sources; revenue; profits

inconvenience n. bother; disturbance; nuisance; discomfort

inconvenience v. to cause discomfort; to trouble; to put out; to disturb

increase n. growth; expansion; addition; enlargement; escalation; reproduction

increase v. to enlarge; to add to; to multiply; to raise; to intensify; to make bigger; to heighten

incredible adj. unbelievable; inconceivable; improbable; unlikely; fabulous; great; amazing

incredulous adj. skeptical; disbelieving; expressive of disbelief

incriminate v. to accuse of a crime or other wrongful act; to cause to appear guilty of a crime or fault; implicate

incumbent adj. presently holding an office or position; compulsory; necessary; resting; lying

incumbent n. person who currently holds an office or position

incur v. to meet with; to bring upon oneself; to acquire; to become liable for (generally pertaining to something unpleasant or undesirable)

indicate n. to show; to point out; to mark; to signify; to imply; to exhibit; to reveal; to suggest

indicator n. one that indicates, especially a pointer or an index; an instrument used to monitor the operation or condition of an engine, an electrical network, or another physical system; a meter or gauge

indoor adj. occurring within a building; meant to be used inside

induce v. to cause; to bring about; to set in motion; to influence; to persuade; to impel; to infer; to deduce; to derive a general proposition from certain facts

indulge v. to give in to desire; to yield to; to satisfy; to spoil; to humor

indulgence n. act of giving in to desire; something which gratifies; luxury; leniency; tolerance; humoring; pampering

industrial adj. of, relating to, or resulting from industry; having highly developed industries; employed, required, or used in industry

industrialize v. to innovate and develop production

industrious adj. assiduous in work or study; diligent

ineffable adj. incapable of being expressed; indescribable or unutterable; not to be uttered; taboo

inexorable adj. not capable of being persuaded by entreaty; relentless

infallibility n. the quality of never making an error

infancy n. beginning phase of a project; babyhood

infant adj. pertaining to a minor

infant n. baby; very young child; toddler; tot; minor; beginner

infer v. to derive; to conclude; to guess; to surmise; to hint

inference n. act of deriving; speculation; drawing of a conclusion

inflammable adj. easily ignited and capable of burning rapidly; flammable; quickly or easily aroused to strong emotion; excitable

inflation n. increase in the supply of money in relation to the amount of goods available resulting in a rise in prices; act of filling with air or gas

inflict v. to impose; to cause something unpleasant

influence n. effect; impact; action of a person or thing which affects another; person or thing which has power to affect others

influence v. to affect; to impact; to impel; to control

influx n. flowing in; inflow; inward flow; place where a stream flows into another body of water

inform v. to communicate data to; to tell; to brief; to apprise; to notify; to tell on; to inspire; to animate

informal adj. unofficial; unceremonious; relaxed; casual; easy; laid-back

information n. knowledge; intelligence; data; act of providing knowledge

infraction n. the act or an instance of infringing; a violation

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H.R.abbr. manpower; personnel; human work force; human labor; staff

habitat n. the area or environment where an organism or ecological community normally lives or occurs; the place where a person or thing is most likely to be found

hallmark n. official stamp ensuring that a gold or silver item meets a certain standard of quality; identifying characteristic

halt n. temporary stop; standstill; break or pause in a march or journey

halt v. to stop; to cause to stop; to pause; to hesitate; to be uncertain

hamper v. to prevent the free movement, action, or progress of

handbook n. manual; guide; guideline; document containing instructions

handle n. part of an object designed to be gripped by the hand; fist name; nickname; code name; title

handle v. to manage; to process; to deal in; to do business with; to treat; to feel; to touch with the hands

handy adj. skillful in using one's hands; manually adroit; readily accessible; useful; convenient; easy to use or handle

harmful adj. injurious; causing damage

harmonize v. to agree; to reconcile; to be in concert with

harmony n. unity; agreement; accord; pleasing balance; symmetry; pleasing combination of tones

harness n. straps and other parts by which a draft animal is attached to a vehicle

harness v. to utilize; to use; to apply; to employ; to control; to channel

hazard n. danger; risk; game of chance

hazard v. to endanger; to imperil; to dare; to venture

hazardous adj. dangerous; risky; perilous

haze n. fog; mist; obscurity; vagueness

haze v. to treat someone new in a humiliating manner; to harass; to humiliate

headquarter v. to set up a center of operations; to be set up in a center of operations

headquarters n. main office; central office of a company; center of operation

headway n. progress; advance

health n. physical or mental well-being; freedom from disease

healthy adj. well; not sick; fit; sound

helicopter n. aircraft which flies by means of horizontally rotating blades

helping n. a single portion of food

hem n. folded and stitched down edge of cloth; edge of a garment

hem v. to fold and sew down the edge of a piece of cloth; to surround; to enclose; to hesitate; to falter in speaking

hesitate v. to waver; to be uncertain; to vacillate; to falter; to be indecisive

hesitation n. pausing; stammering; faltering

hibernation n. the torpid or resting state in which some animals pass the winter;cessation from or slowing of activity during the winter; especially slowing of metabolism in some animals; the act of retiring into inactivity

hidden adj. concealed; secret; not to be seen; ulterior

highlight n. an area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated; an especially significant or interesting detail or event

highlight v. to make prominent; emphasize; to mark (important passages of text) with a usually fluorescent marker as a means of memory retention or for later reference

hoax n. an act intended to deceive or trick; something that has been established or accepted by fraudulent means

hoax v. to deceive or cheat by using a hoax

homebound adj. confined usually by illness;

honor n. esteem; respect; good reputation; integrity; honesty; truthfulness; award; tribute; privilege; pride; dignity

honor v. to respect; to esteem; to give an award to; to pay tribute; to praise; to accept

honorable adj. deserving or winning honor and respect; possessing and characterized by honor; distinguished; illustrious

horrible adj. terrible; awful; disgusting

hospital n. location where sick and injured people receive medical treatment

hourly adj. continual

housing n. lodging; dwelling

however adv. in any event; anyway

howeverconj. in whatever manner or way

humdrum adj. lacking variety or excitement; dull

humid adj. containing or characterized by a high amount of water or water vapor

humidity n. dampness; moistness; mugginess

hyphen n. short dash; short line used to connect or separate words or syllables (-)

hypnotize v. to put into a state of hypnosis; to fascinate by or as if by hypnosis

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G.D.P.abbr. total goods and services produced by nation during one year excluding payments on foreign investments

G.N.P. abbr. total value of goods and services produced by a country in a given period (generally one year)

garbage n. something that is discarded; rubbish; trash; junk; waste; refuse; anything thought to be worthless or substandard

garment n. piece of clothing; outer covering

garner n. place where grain is stored; granary; storehouse; collection; store

garner v. to collect; to gather; to accumulate; to store; to place in reserve

gasoline n. flammable liquid mixture derived from petroleum (used as fuel, etc.); gas; petrol (UK)

gathering n. assembly; meeting; convention; cluster; collection; convention

gauge n. standard of measure; device for measuring (pressure, amount, distance, etc.); standard by which something is judged; criterion; extent

gauge v. to measure; to evaluate; to determine; to estimate

generate v. to create; to produce; to bring into being

generation n. production; creating; group of people born around the same time

generous adj. benevolent; giving; unselfish; abundant; plentiful

genuine adj. original; real; true; natural; honest; sincere

germane adj. impertinent; relevant; connected

get on with v. to continue

get over v. to recover

get through with v. to finish; to complete

gifted adj. talented; skilled; having great natural ability

give up v. to surrender; to quit; to stop doing

glossary n. list of terms and definitions (usually at the end of a book); dictionary of technical or specific terms

glossy adj. shiny; polished; smooth

glove n. protecting covering for the hand; padded covering for the hand

glow n. a light produced by a body heated to luminosity; incandescence; a warm feeling, as of pleasure or well-being

glow v. to shine brightly and steadily, especially without a flame; to flush; blush; to be exuberant or radiant

go after v. to try to get; to attempt to get

go along with v. to comply; to conform; to follow; to agree

go through v. to experience; to endure

gradually adv. progressively

graduate adj. having a degree or diploma; concerning studies beyond a bachelor's degree

graduate n. person who has completed a course of study and received a degree or diploma (i.e. at a university or college); glass vessel for measuring liquids

graduate v. to complete a course of study and receive a degree or diploma; to organize; to arrange in grades; to change gradually; to grant a degree to a person who has completed a course of study; to divide into degrees; to mark with degrees

grant n. award; gift; present; contribution; donation

grant v. to agree; to give; to bestow; to answer to; to donate

graph n. diagram which uses a series of points or lines to demonstrate a connection between two or more things; chart

grasp n. hold; understanding; knowledge; realization

grasp v. to seize, to hold tight; to grip; to comprehend; to understand; to realize

grateful adj. thankful; appreciative; expressing thanks

gratitude n. gratefulness; thankfulness; appreciation

gratuity n. tip; bonus; recompense

greenhouse n. structure built mainly of glass in which plants are cultivated out of season; hothouse; glasshouse; conservatory

gregarious adj. seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable; seeking and enjoying the company of others; sociable

grit n. small rough granules or particles (i.e. sand); bravery; pluck; endurance

grit v. to grind the teeth together; to abrade; to grind; to make a harsh grinding noise

grocer n. person who owns and operates a food store

groceries n. foods and other goods sold at a small supermarket or store

grocery n. store which sells food and other household goods; goods sold at a grocery

gross adj. inclusive; complete; total; general; without deductions

gross v. to make or earn a total of (before taxes and other expenses)

guarantee n. security; warranty; pledge; assurance

guarantee v. to vouch for; to give a warranty; to assure; to promise

guideline n. instructions; manual; handbook; indication of acceptable conduct or procedure

guilt n. state of having committed a crime or offense; culpability; feeling of having done something wrong

guilty adj. deserving of punishment; responsible

gymnasium n. building for indoor sports and exercise; gym; fitness center

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flight n. flying; aviation; trip on an airplane; set of stairs; escape; running away; group (of birds, planes, etc.); passage of time

florist n. owner of a flower shop; person who makes flower arrangements

fluctuate v. to vacillate; to waver; to vary; to change

fluctuation n. vacillation; instability; wavering; inconstancy; change

fluency n. ability to speak and write easily; eloquence; articulateness; gracefulness

fluent adj. articulate; eloquent; able to read and write with ease; graceful; fluid; flowing

folder n. dossier for storing papers; directory; subdirectory of a disk or in which files are stored; person or things that folds

forecast adj. predicted; expected; anticipated

forecast n. prediction of a future event or condition (i.e. development of the economy)

forecast v. to predict a future event or condition; to foretell

forecaster n. person who foretells future events; weatherman

foremost adv. first in place or rank; primary; leading; main

foresee v. to predict; to prophesy; to foretell

foreshadow v. to present an indication or a suggestion of beforehand; presage

forestall v. to delay, hinder, or prevent by taking precautionary measures beforehand; to deal with or think of beforehand; anticipate

foretell v. to tell of or indicate beforehand; predict

forfeit adj. lost or subject to loss through forfeiture

forfeit n. something surrendered or subject to surrender as punishment for a crime, an offense, an error, or a breach of contract

forfeit v. to surrender, be deprived of, or give up the right to on account of a crime, an offense, an error, or a breach of contract; to subject to seizure as a forfeit

formal adj. ceremonious; conventional; according to custom; stiff; strict; symmetrical; opposite of informal

formal n. occasion which requires fancy dress (dance, ball, etc.); evening gown

format n. structure; pattern; design; organization; pattern of data organization

format v. to design the appearance of; to arrange; to place in a certain format; to prepare a diskette or hard disk for use

formatted adj. arranged in a particular way; prepared for reading and writing

formula n. set way of saying or doing something; principle; pattern

formulate v. to devise; to conceive; to develop; to plan; to express in a formula

fortify v. to reinforce by adding material; to impart physical strength or endurance to; invigorate; to give emotional, moral, or mental strength to; encourage; to strengthen or enrich (food, for example), as by adding vitamins

fortunate adj. lucky; successful; opportune

fortune n. luck; wealth; chance; great wealth; success; riches; fate

forward v. to send; to convey; to transmit; to promote; to advance; to resend an email message that has been received

foster v. to encourage; to nurture; to promote; to raise; to care for

found v. to establish; to institute; to create; to build; to set up; to start a company; to melt

foundation n. base; fundament; substructure; establishing; institution; cosmetic cream used as a base for makeup

founder n. establisher; person who establishes a company, organization or channel; person who gives authorization to operate a channel

founder v. to fill with water and sink; to fall; to fail; to stumble; to cause to sink

fraction n. product of the division of one number by another; part of a whole; segment; fragment; quotient

fragile adj. easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; frail; Lacking physical or emotional strength; delicate; lacking substance; tenuous or flimsy

frame n. casing; skeleton; structure; body structure; mood; picture in a film

frame v. to enclose in a frame (i.e. a picture); to contrive false evidence against; to set up; to construct; to build; to fashion; to formulate

framework n. support; skeleton; structure; system

franchise n. license to market a company's goods or services; business which has been granted a license; right to vote

franchise v. to grant a license to an individual or group; to grant the right to vote

franchisor n. person who has the right to grant a license

frantic adj. excessively agitated; transported with rage or other violent emotion; marked by uncontrolled excitement or emotion

fraud n. swindle; deceit; cheating; forgery; embezzlement; cheat; swindler

fraudulent adj. guilty; dishonest; of the nature of fraud; based on fraud

fraught adj. full of or accompanied by; charged with, laden with

freelance n. a person who sells services to employers without a long-term commitment to any of them; an uncommitted independent, as in politics or social life

freelance v. to work as a freelance

freight n. cargo or goods that are shipped for a fee; shipping cost; transportation; conveyance; shipment

freight v. to load with goods; to load; to weigh down; to send as cargo

frequency n. quality of occurring regularly; rate at which a function reoccurs; number of occurrences within a given period of time; number of wave cycles within a given period of time

frisky adj. energetic; full of life; playful; lively

frugal adj. practicing or marked by economy, as in the expenditure of money or the use of material resources; costing little; inexpensive

fuel n. substance burned to create energy (petrol, gasoline, gas, wood, coal, etc)

fuel v. to provide with a combustible substance that provides energy

fueled adj. filled with petrol, gas or another substance that produces energy

fulfill v. to realize; to bring into being; to make a reality; to accomplish; to complete; to gratify; to satisfy; to execute

fulfillment n. realization; bringing into being; performance; completion; gratification; satisfaction

function n. duty; role; use; purpose; feature; convention; seminar; festive event; social occasion

function v. to work; to act; to operate; to perform

fund n. amount of money set aside for a specific purpose; supply

fund v. to finance; to supply with money; to allocate or set aside financial sums; to extend a short-term obligation

fundamental adj. basic; elemental; essential

fundamental n. principle; basis; essential

funnel n. device with a wide opening at the top which narrows as it reaches the bottom (used to conduct liquids into small openings)

funnel v. to channel; to centralize; to send through a funnel

funneled adj. channeled; centralized; sent through a funnel

furnish v. to equip with what is needed, especially to provide furniture for; to supply; give

furniture n. movable articles for use in a home or office (i.e. chairs, desks, cabinets, closets, etc.); accessories; appliances

fussy adj. exacting; choosy; finicky; ornate; full of excessive detail; nagging; annoying

futile adj. having no useful result; trifling and frivolous; idle

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fabric n. cloth made of woven threads; textile; weave; structure; framework; construction

fabricate v. to make; create; to construct by combining or assembling diverse, typically standardized parts; to concoct in order to deceive

facilitate v. to make easy; to assist; to forward; to promote; to expedite

facilitator n. person or thing which promotes; expeditor

facility n. device; ease; tool; convenience; talent; ability; willingness; place used for a specific purpose; establishment; institution

factor n. cause; agent; broker; financier; money lender; number which is multiplied with another to produce a given result

fade v. to discolor; to lose color; to become dim; to wilt; to wither; to die out; to bleach; to become weaker; to disappear

falter v. to hesitate; to stammer; to stumble; to sway; to totter; to be unstable

fame n. notoriety; renown; good reputation

familiar adj. ordinary; common; skilled; close; intimate; well-known; informal

familiar n. good friend; acquaintance

familiarize v. to cause to be acquainted; to accustom; to make something well known; to publicize

fare n. cost for traveling (on a bus, train, etc.); person who pays to travel in a vehicle (bus, train, boat, ferry, etc.); meals; provisions; something offered or supplied

fascinate v. to hold an intense interest or attraction for; to hold motionless; spellbind

faulty adj. containing a fault or defect; imperfect or defective

favorable adj. positive; approving; likable; helpful; encouraging; promising; desirable

favorite adj. preferred; beloved; liked

feasibility n. capability of being carried out; capability of being achieved; likelihood; probability

feasible adj. able to be carried out; achievable; possible; likely

feature n. characteristic; function; capability (of a product, machine, device, software etc.); prominent quality; facial structure; full-length film; attraction; regular column (in a newspaper); attribute; advantage

feature v. to characterize; to depict; to describe; to star in a move (or theatrical performance, etc.); to present; to emphasize; to give prominence

feedback n. response; critique; critical analysis; information about the results of a certain procedure or performance; return of part of the output (of a circuit, an amplifier, etc.)

fellow adj. having membership in; belonging to (a group, academic organization, etc.); of the same type

fellow n. friend; member of an academic organization; suitor

ferry n. boat for crossing a body of water; shuttle; ferryboat

ferry v. to convey passengers or cargo by boat across a small body of water

fertile adj. bearing or producing crops or vegetation abundantly; fruitful; rich in material needed to sustain plant growth; highly or continuously productive; prolific

fertilize v. to impregnate; to inseminate; to enrich the soil by the addition of organic or chemical substances

fertilizer n. organic or chemical substance added to soil to enrich it (i.e. manure)

fester n. a small festering sore or ulcer; a pustule

fester v. to generate pus; suppurate; to form an ulcer; to undergo decay; rot; to infect, inflame, or corrupt

fetch v. to go after and bring back; to call; to gather; to pick up; to charm; to deliver a blow; to bring forth (sound, sigh, etc.); to inhale; to execute; to bring in a certain amount of money

fiber n. a slender, elongated, threadlike object or structure; a natural or synthetic filament, as of cotton or nylon

figure n. number; image; form; character; price; human shape; impression; phrase; symbol

figure v. to calculate; to think; to assume; to portray; to depict; to express verbally; to adorn with figures or patterns; to express in numerical digits; to embellish

file v. to arrange papers methodically for preservation and reference; to submit in a formal way; to walk in a line; to march in line; to sharpen

fill out v. to insert written information into the gaps on a form

filling n. something used to fill a space, cavity, or container

final adj. at the end; last; ultimate; decisive; conclusive; definitive

final n. end; conclusion; last edition of a newspaper

finalize v. to end; to sum up; to complete; to conclude

finance n. money management (including investment, banking etc.); science of money management

finance v. to raise money for; to provide with funds; to fund; to pay for

fine n. monetary penalty; punishment which involves the payment of specified sum of money

fine v. to impose a tax upon; to refine; to purify; to become fine or finer; to make thin or thinner; to reduce; to clarify

fiscal adj. of public funds; of or pertaining to money matters

fixture n. something which is permanently or securely attached; person who has been in the same place or position for a long time; set date for a sporting event; regularly scheduled sporting event

fizzle n. failure; fiasco; sputtering which gradually fades into silence

flaw n. defect; imperfection; crack; strong gust or wind

flaw v. to crack; to become defective; to become cracked

flawed adj. defective; imperfect; cracked

flawless adj. perfect; impeccable

flee v. to run away, as from trouble or danger; to pass swiftly away; vanish

fleet adj. swift; fast

fleet n. group of ships, cars, trucks or other vehicles

fleet v. to move quickly; to pass quickly

flexibility n. elasticity; ability to adapt to new circumstances; pliability

flexible adj. elastic; easily bent; adroit; adept; pliable

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equipment n. supplies; necessary items; tools, instruments or other objects for completing a task

equity n. honesty; fairness; justice

equivalent adj. same in worth or value; same in importance; corresponding

equivalent n. something that is the same of the same level

erase v. to rub off; to remove totally; to delete

erasure n. rubbing out; deletion; eradication

errancy n. The state of erring or an instance of it

errand n. a short trip taken to perform a specified task, usually for another; the purpose or object of such a trip

erratic adj. having no fixed or regular course; wandering; lacking consistency, regularity, or uniformity; deviating from the customary course in conduct or opinion; eccentric

escalate v. to increase, enlarge, or intensify

escalator n. a moving stairway consisting of steps attached to a continuously circulating belt

especially adv. particularly

essence n. inherent nature of something; spirit; central or outstanding characteristic; extract obtained from a plant or other substance

essential adj. necessary; needed; fundamental; crucial; very important

establish v. to set up; to found; to base; to build

establishment n. anything that is set up; institution (i.e. business, church, authority, government, etc.); permanent organization; place of business

estate n. extensive piece of land usually with a large house on it; person's property; wealth; possessions; status; social standing; rank

esteem n. admiration; respect

esteem v. to respect; to honor; to admire; to value

estimate n. judgment of an object's worth; appraisal; opinion; judgment

estimate v. to judge an object's value; to appraise; to assess; to guess; to have an opinion; to make a judgment

evacuate v. to empty or remove the contents of; to excrete or discharge waste matter from (the bowel, for example); to withdraw or depart from; vacate

evade v. to avoid; to run away; to shrink

evaluate v. to appraise; to judge the worth or quality; to assess; to gauge

evaluation n. appraisal; estimation; assessment

evasive adj. avoiding; tending to shrink; elusive

even adj. smooth; straight; level; parallel; equal; uniform; consistent; calm; not easily excited or angered; fair; composed; able to be divide exactly by two (Mathematics)

even v. to make level; to smooth; to balance

eventual adj. final; occurring as a result

evict v. to expel a tenant by legal process; to turn out

evidence n. proof; something which proves or disproves

evident adj. clear; obvious; apparent

evoke v. to arouse; to bring out; to summon; to wake

evolve v. to develop or achieve gradually; to work (something) out; devise; to give off; emit

exaggerate v. to overstate; to make something seem greater or more important than it really is; to make larger than normal

examinee n. person who is tested; candidate

examiner n. person who gives a test

exceed v. to surpass; to pass; to go beyond; to outdo; to excel

excel v. to be talented; to do very well; to surpass; to do better than

excellent adj. superior; extraordinary; outstanding

exception n. something that is out of the ordinary; anomaly; objection; opposition

excessive adj. exceeding a normal, usual, reasonable, or proper limit

exchange n. conversion; stock market; trade; barter; act of giving something in return for something else, conversation

exchange v. to give one thing in return for another; to replace one thing with another; to trade; to barter

exclaim v. to cry out suddenly or vehemently, as from surprise or emotion

exclude v. to leave out; to keep out; to prevent from happening or being; to reject

exclusion n. prevention; rejection; leaving out; keeping out; shutting out

exclusive adj. shutting out all others; sole; limited to a selected few; incompatible; fashionable; unique

exclusive n. news story publicized in only a newspaper or televisions/radio station

exclusively adv. in an exclusive manner; in a manner which shuts out all others; solely; in a limited manner

execute v. to perform; to carry out; to put into practice

executive adj. administrative; operational; having the power to execute laws and policy

executive n. manager; person or group of persons having administrative authority within an organization; branch of a government or organization which executes laws and policy

exert v. to exercise; to use; to make an effort

exertion n. putting to use; putting into action; effort; struggle; strain

exhibit n. something presented as evidence in a court of law; display; show; exhibition (of artwork, products, skills, etc.)

exhibit v. to show; to display; to demonstrate; to present

exhibition n. display; show; public presentation of work or skills; trade fair

exigent adj. requiring immediate action or remedy; requiring much effort or expense; demanding

exist v. to live; to be

existence n. living; state of being; life

exit n. passage that leads out

exit v. to leave; to go out

exotic adj. from another part of the world; foreign; intriguingly unusual or different; excitingly strange

expand v. to spread out; to grow larger; to broaden; to increase; to enlarge; to add to

expansion n. enlargement; increase; spread; development

expectancy n. hope; anticipation; assumption

expectation n. anticipation; longing or waiting for; hope

expectorant adj. promoting or facilitating the secretion or expulsion of phlegm, mucus, or other matter from the respiratory tract

expectorant n. a medicine promoting expectoration

expedite v. to speed up; to accelerate; to facilitate (a process, action, etc.); to dispatch; to execute quickly and efficiently

expel v. eject; drive out; banish

expenditure n. spending; disbursement; outlay (especially financial)

expense n. cost; price; payment

expensive adj. costly; precious; opposite of cheap

experiment n. attempt to discover or test something; trial; research

experiment v. to attempt to discover or test something; to try; to venture; to research

expertise n. proficiency; skill; specialist knowledge and information

expiration n. termination; end

expire v. to come to an end; to finish; to terminate

explicate v. to make clear the meaning of; explain

explicit adj.fully and clearly expressed; leaving nothing implied; forthright and unreserved in expression

explore v. to travel to unknown regions; to investigate; to examine; to research

explorer n. researcher; investigator; person who travels to unknown regions; software program for file management

export n. shipping of goods to other countries; opposite of import; storage of data in a format which can be read by other programs

export v. to ship; to send abroad; to sell goods and products overseas

expose v. to reveal; to uncover; to disclose; to abandon

exposition n. a setting forth of meaning or intent; a public exhibition or show, as of artistic or industrial developments

exposure n. denouncement; revealing; photograph; abandoning; placement

expulsion n. the act of expelling or the state of being expelled

extend v. to stretch; to pull out to its greatest possible length; to enlarge; to lengthen; to give; to bestow; to reach out

extension n. expansion; branch of a telephone network; particular telephone number; supplement; elongation; reprieve; group of letters which indicates the type of computer files

extensive adj. spreading over a large area; comprehensive

extent n. scope; range; scale; size; measure; degree

extract n. substance obtained from a plant; essence; text paragraph; passage; excerpt; quotation (from a text)

extract v. to remove; to take out; to squeeze; to press; to elicit; to draw out

extradite v. to hand over to another nation or judicial authority

extraordinary adj. unusual

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earmark n. an identifying feature or characteristic; an identifying mark on the ear of a domestic animal

earmark v. to reserve or set aside for a particular purpose; to mark in an identifying or distinctive way

earnings n. money gained; salary; wages; revenue; profit; income

ebullient adj. zestfully enthusiastic; boiling or seeming to boil; bubbling

economize v. to save; to cut back; to be thrifty; to be frugal

economy n. management of resources (i.e. money, goods, etc.); thrift; careful spending; the structure of economic life in a country, area, or period

edible adj. fit to be eaten

edible n. something fit to be eaten; food

effect n. result; outcome; influence; impact; gimmick; trick; natural phenomenon

effect v. to accomplish; to put into action; to execute; to do

effective adj. productive; efficient; in operation; impressive; striking

efficient adj. effective; done without waste (of time, resources, etc.)

effluent adj. flowing out or forth

effluent n. something that flows out or forth

effort n. physical or mental exertion; labor; attempt; something accomplished through hard word; organized operation

effusive adj. overflowing; unreserved; unrestrained; exuberant

eject v. to throw out forcefully; expel; to compel to leave

elaborate adj. detailed; complicated; carefully planned; worked out in great detail

elaborate v. to provide additional details; to plan carefully and with great detail; to produce; to develop

elaboration n. painstaking labor; careful planning; adding of extra details; act of improving; production

elect v. to choose; to vote for; to prefer; to decide

election n. choosing; time when people vote for a political candidate

electrician n. person who installs or maintains wiring systems

elementary adj. basic; fundamental

elevation n. height of something; altitude above sea or ground level; raising; lifting up; grandeur

elevator n. lift; mechanical apparatus for moving people or items from floor to floor within a building

elicit v. to extract from; to bring out; to draw out

eligible adj. suitable; worthy of; qualified; entitled to; allowed

eliminate v. to remove; to get rid of

elucidate v. to explain; to clarify; to describe; to depict

elude v. to avoid; to escape; to shrink

elusive adj. tending to elude capture, perception, comprehension, or memory; difficult to define or describe

embark v. to go on board a ship; to put on board a ship; to begin; to become involved in an enterprise

embrace n. hug; act of wrapping one's arms around another person or thing

embrace v. to accept; to use; to include; to surround; to belief; to attempt to sway the opinion of a judge or jury through bribery or threats; to hug; to hold tight

emend v. to improve by critical editing

emerge v. to appear; to come out; to be revealed

emergency adj. in the event of sudden need

emergency n. sudden need demanding immediate action

emit v. to give or send out (matter or energy); to voice; express; to issue with authority, especially to put (currency) into circulation

empathy n. entering into the feelings of another; sympathy; vicarious emotion; understanding

emphasis n. importance that is attached to something; accent or stress that is placed on a word or words

emphasize v. to stress; to show the importance of

emulate v. to imitate; to try to equal or excel; to take after; to copy

enact v. to make into law; to act (something) out, as on a stage

enclose v. to surround; to confine; to close in; to place an additional document or letter within another

enclosure n. confinement; additional document or letter placed within another

encounter v. to meet by chance; to face; to meet with (difficulties, hardships, etc.)

encourage v. to support; to inspire; to give hope

encroach v. to advance beyond proper limits; to infringe

endorse v. to write one's signature on the back of (a check, for example) as evidence of the legal transfer of its ownership, especially in return for the cash or credit indicated on its face; to place (one's signature), as on a contract, to indicate approval of its contents or terms; to acknowledge (receipt of payment) by signing a bill, draft, or other instrument; to give approval of or support to, especially by public statement; sanction

endorsement n. signature on a money order such as a check

endow v. to provide with property, income, or a source of income; to equip or supply with a talent or quality

endowment n. funds or property donated to an institution, individual, or group as a source of income; a natural gift, ability, or quality

endure v. to put up with something or somebody unpleasant

enervate v. to weaken or destroy the strength or vitality of

engage v. to keep busy; to occupy; to employ; to attract; to commit; to bind (to fulfill an obligation); to enter in a fight

engagement n. commitment; obligation; period of employment; battle; fight; promise to marry

enhance v. to increase; to intensify; to improve; to raise the value of

enlarge v. to become bigger; to expand

enlargement n. expansion; increase in size; magnification

enlighten v. to instruct; to provide with intellectual or spiritual understanding

enlightenment n. state of being enlightened; state of intellectual or spiritual awareness

enlist v. to draft into military service; to voluntarily join a cause

enrich v. to make rich; to improve; to make better

enrichment n. enhancement; refinement; improvement

enroll v. to register; to sign up; to join up; to enter one's name on a list

ensure v. to make certain; to guarantee; to make secure

enterprise n. initiative; company; firm; undertaking; challenging project; business; endeavor; adventurous spirit; boldness

entertain v. to interest; to amuse; to host; to hold or maintain in the mind (i.e. a feeling, an idea, a thought, etc.)

entertainment n. something that entertains; something interesting or amusing; fun; hospitality

enthuse v. to express excitement; to motivate

enthusiasm n. excitement; great interest

enthusiastic adj. excited; intensely interested; zealous; passionate; ardent; fervent

entire adj. whole; including every part; complete; full

entirely adv. totally; completely; absolutely

entitle v. to give a heading or name to (i.e. a book, painting, etc.); to grant a right; to claim something

entitled adj. allowed; eligible; having the right to something

entrust v. to give to for safekeeping; to empower someone with a responsibility or duty

entry n. opening; record; information or item in a book, dictionary, catalog, list, directory, etc.

environment n. surroundings; conditions in which someone or something lives

environmental adj. pertaining to the environment

envision v. to imagine to oneself; to picture; to visualize

episode n. event; occurrence; one of a group of loosely connected stories

equality n. sameness; uniformity

equip v. to provide with the required supplies, tools and items

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dismay v. to destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension; to cause to lose enthusiasm; disillusion

dismiss v. to send away; to fire; to release; to free

disparate adj. markedly different; contrasting

dispassion n. freedom from passion, bias, or emotion; objectivity

dispassionate adj. devoid of or unaffected by passion, emotion, or bias

dispatch n. sending off; shipment; message; communication; promptness

dispatch v. to send off quickly; to dismiss; to conclude with speed and efficiency; to eliminate

dispel v. to rid one's mind of; to drive away or off by or as if by scattering

dispense n. expenditure; pardon

dispense v. to do without; to give up; to distribute; to give out; to hand out

disperse v. to drive off or scatter in different directions; to cause to vanish or disappear; to disseminate

displace v. to move or shift from the usual place or position, especially to force to leave a homeland; to take the place of; supplant; to discharge from an office or position

display n. presentation; show; screen; monitor (Computers); exposure; exhibition; attractive arrangement of products

display v. to put out for others to see; to show; to exhibit; to reveal; to show in an ostentatious manner

disposal n. getting rid of; arranging

dispose v. to control; to arrange; to put in order

disposition n. tendency; character; nature; trait; arrangement; placement

dispute n. quarrel; disagreement; argument

dispute v. to argue; to debate; to appeal; to contest; to oppose; to fight against

disrupt v. to upset; to disturb; to divide

dissent n. difference of opinion or feeling; disagreement; the refusal to conform to the authority or doctrine of an established church

dissent v. to differ in opinion or feeling; disagree; to withhold assent or approval

dissidence n. disagreement, as of opinion or belief; dissent

dissipate v. to scatter; to spread out; to be scattered

dissolve v. To cause to pass into solution; To cause to disappear or vanish; dispel; To bring to an end by or as if by breaking up; terminate

distinctive adj. special; unique; different

distinguish v. to mark as different; to see as different; to discern; to recognize

distort v. to twist out of a proper or natural relation of parts; misshape; to give a false or misleading account of; misrepresent; to cause to work in a twisted or disorderly manner; pervert

distract v. to disturb; to confuse; to worry; to divert; to amuse; to draw one's attention away; opposite of to attract

distress n. anxiety or mental suffering; severe strain resulting from exhaustion or an accident; the condition of being in need of immediate assistance

distress v. to cause strain, anxiety, or suffering to; to mar or otherwise treat (an object or fabric, for example) to give the appearance of an antique or of heavy prior use

distribute v. to divide and dispense in portions; to supply (goods) to retailers; to spread or diffuse over an area; scatter; to separate into categories; classify

distributor n. person, company or organization that markets a commodity, product or service; wholesaler; person who allots or dispenses

disturb v. to bother; to interrupt; to confuse; to worry; to cause concern; to cause disorder

diverse adj. different; varied

diversification n. process of becoming varied

diversify v. to make different; to invest one's assets in various securities

diversity n. variety; difference; unlikeness

divert v. to distract; to entertain; to turn in a different direction; to deflect

dividend n. a share of profits received by a stockholder or by a policyholder in a mutual insurance society; a payment pro rata to a creditor of a person adjudged bankrupt

division n. act of separating into parts; partitioning; basic mathematical operation in which one number is divided by another; department; faculty; ranking; level according to difficulty; group of soldiers that form a distinct tactical unit within a squadron

document n. certificate; paper which provides information or evidence; deed; written file; data file containing the product of a user's work (Computers)

document v. to record for evidence; to write down; to provide with documentary evidence; to substantiate

documentation n. collection of written records; use of written records as evidence

domain n. a territory over which rule or control is exercised; a sphere of activity, concern, or function; a field

domestic adj. pertaining to home; pertaining to family; tame (about an animal)

domestic n. housemaid; servant; housekeeper

dominant adj. exercising the most influence or control; most prominent, as in position; ascendant

dominate v. to control; to rule; to command

donate v. to give; to contribute; to grant; to bestow

donation n. gift; contribution

dosage n. administration of a therapeutic agent in prescribed amounts; addition of an ingredient to a substance in a specific amount, especially to wine

dotted adj. spotted; speckled; composed of a series of small dashes (about a line)

downcast adj. directed downward; low in spirits; depressed

download v. to copy files from a distant computer onto another computer through an Internet connection

downsize v. to reduce the size of; to make smaller; to manufacture smaller amounts; to cut the number of employees

downsizing n. act of reducing the size of; bringing something down to a smaller scale; lowering expenses; taking various measures to cut costs in order to stabilize the financial situation of a corporation (i.e. manufacturing in smaller amounts, etc.)

downstream adj. in the direction of a stream's current; closer to the point of sale than to the point of production or manufacture (Business)

downturn n. negative tendency (especially in economy or business)

downward adj. descending

downward adv. towards a lower place, position or section

draft n. rough outline; sketch; check; written order for payment; conscription; calling up for army service; current of air

draft v. to make an outline; to draw up in written form; to conscript; to recruit for military service; to force or persuade to do some task; to draw out and separate

drastic adj. extreme; intense; severe

drastically adv. (b) intensely; in an extreme manner; severely

draw v. to attract; to pull; to pull out; to sketch; to depict with lines; to describe with words; to move towards; to suck in; to conclude; to drain; to stretch out; to pick randomly; to be given randomly; to shrink by contraction; to disembowel

drawback n. a disadvantage or inconvenience; a refund or remittance, such as a discount on duties or taxes for goods destined for reexport

dress code n. formally or socially imposed standards of dress, especially in a company; the way employees of a company are dressed at work

drill n. tool for drilling holes; practice; training; furrow; seeding machine; row of seeds in a furrow

drill v. to bore a hole; to practice; to train; to sow seeds in rows

drop n. small globule of liquid; drip; very small amount; pendant; piece of candy; lozenge; act of dropping supplies from a plane; sudden descent; fall

duplicate adj. double; identical; matching

duplicate n. copy; photocopy; exact replica; reproduction

duplicate v. to copy; to replicate; to photocopy

durable adj. sturdy; long lasting

duration n. period of time that something continues

duress n. intimidation; constraint; pressure; coercion

dweller n. a person who inhabits a particular place

dynamic adj. forceful; energetic; vigorous; spirited; alive

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derivation n. the act or process of deriving; the form or source from which something is derived; an origin; the historical origin and development of a word

descend v. to move from a higher to a lower place; come or go down; to slope, extend, or incline downward; to come down from a source; derive

describe v. to depict; to illustrate; to explain; to characterize; to elucidate; to give an account of

description n. explanation; illustration; instruction

desert adj. of, relating to, characteristic of, or inhabiting a desert; barren and uninhabited; desolate

desert n. a barren or desolate area; an empty or forsaken place; a wasteland

desert v. to leave empty or alone; abandon; to withdraw from, especially in spite of a responsibility or duty; forsake

deserve v. to be worthy of; to have a right to

design n. plan; sketch; model; layout; structure

design v. to make plans for; to formulate; to create; to conceive; to think up; to intend; to produce; to conceptualize

designate v. to indicate or specify; point out; to select and set aside for a duty, an office, or a purpose

despiteprep. notwithstanding

destination n. place where one is going; place where something is sent; the purpose for which something is destined

destroy v. to demolish; to ruin; to destruct; to erase

destruction n. ruin; desolation; annihilation

detachment n. the act or process of disconnecting or detaching; separation; the state of being separate or detached; indifference to or remoteness from the concerns of others; aloofness

detail v. to list; to describe; to specify; to assign; to delegate; to enumerate

detailed adj. itemized; containing details; marked by abundant detail or by thoroughness in treating small items or parts

detain v. to keep from proceeding; delay or retard; to keep in custody or temporary confinement

detect v. to discover; to discern; to find out

detention n. the act of detaining; the state or a period of being detained

deteriorate v. to diminish or impair in quality, character, or value; to grow worse; degenerate; to weaken or disintegrate; decay

determine v. to decide; to define; to settle; to conclude; to cause; to affect

detest v. to dislike intensely; abhor

detrimental adj. causing damage or harm; injurious

devaluation n. a reduction in the value of one currency in relation to other currencies

devastate v. to lay waste; destroy; to overwhelm; confound; stun

deviate v. to turn aside from a course or way; to depart, as from a norm, purpose, or subject; stray

device n. apparatus; hardware component which can send or receive date (Computers); appliance; gadget; trick; scheme

devise v. to plan; to invent; to design

devitalize v. to diminish or destroy the strength or vitality of

devote v. to give or apply (one's time, attention, or self) entirely to a particular activity, pursuit, cause, or person; to set apart for a specific purpose or use; to set apart by or as if by a vow or solemn act; consecrate

dictate v. to say something aloud for someone to write down; to command; to order; to impose

diet n. nourishment; nutrition; food and drink; regimen; weight loss plan

diet v. to limit the amount of food eaten; to eat only certain kinds of food

diffuse v. to pour out and cause to spread freely; to spread about or scatter; disseminate; to make less brilliant; soften

digit n. one of the ten Arabic number symbols, 0 through 9; a human finger or toe

digital adj. using numbers; with numbers; based on digits

dignity n. respected position; honor; nobility

diligent adj. ambitious; industrious; hard-working; characterized by steady, earnest, and energetic effort

directory n. guidebook; library; catalog; subdivision of a disk in which files are stored (Computers); web portal site

disappear v. to go out of sight; to become extinct; to cease to exist; to vanish; opposite of to appear

disavow v. to disclaim knowledge of, responsibility for, or association with

discard n. garbage; refuse; scrap

discard v. to throw away; to get rid of

discern v. to distinguish; to perceive; to recognize; to discriminate

discharge n. the act of removing a load or burden; a flowing out or pouring forth; emission; secretion; something that is discharged, released, emitted, or excreted

discharge v. to relieve of a burden or of contents; unload; to release, as from confinement, care, or duty; to remove from office or employment

discipline n. training

disclaim v. to deny connection with; to renounce; to repudiate; to disavow

disclaimer n. statement which denies responsibility or affiliation; act of disclaiming; repudiation; renouncing of a claim; denial

discord n. Lack of agreement among persons, groups, or things; Tension or strife resulting from a lack of agreement; dissension; An inharmonious combination of simultaneously sounded tones (Music)

discord v. to fail to agree or harmonize; clash

discount n. price reduction; rebate

discount v. to disregard; to ignore; to reduce the price of; to mark down; to give a discount

discourage v. to cause to lose heart; to deter; to dissuade; to show disapproval of; to derail

discouraged adj. deprived of hope or confidence; dissuaded from

discouragement n. derailment; feeling of despair in the face of obstacles

discourse n. verbal expression in speech or writing; verbal exchange; conversation

discourse v. to speak or write formally and at length; to engage in conversation or discussion; converse

discover v. to find out; to come across; to gain knowledge; to learn of something; to get information about something

discredit n. loss of or damage to one's reputation; lack or loss of trust or belief; doubt; something damaging to one's reputation or stature

discredit v. to damage in reputation; disgrace; to cause to be doubted or distrusted; to refuse to believe

discrete adj. separate; individual; discontinuous

discretion n. caution; wisdom; careful judgment

discriminate v. to make a clear distinction; distinguish; to make distinctions on the basis of class or category without regard to individual merit; show preference or prejudice

disdain n. a feeling or show of contempt and aloofness; scorn

disdain v. to regard or treat with haughty contempt; despise; to consider or reject as beneath oneself

disease n. sickness; illness

disembark v. to go ashore from a boat; to leave a plane or vehicle; to land

disgruntle v. to make discontented

disguise n. the act or an instance of disguising; clothes or accessories worn to conceal one's true identity; appearance that misrepresents the true character of something

disguise v.to modify the manner or appearance of in order to prevent recognition; to conceal or obscure by dissemblance or false show; misrepresent

dislocate v. to put out of usual or proper place, position, or relationship; to throw into confusion or disorder; disrupt

dislodge v. to extricate; to remove; to evict; to oust; to expel

dismal adj. gloomy; cheerless; bad; depressing; sad

dismay n. a sudden or complete loss of courage in the face of trouble or danger

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daily adj. occurring on a regular basis

daily n. newspaper that is published 5 to 7 times a week

damage n. injury; harm

damage v. to cause harm; to cause injury; to destroy partly

dampen v. to make damp; to deaden, restrain, or depress

dash n. punctuation mark indicating a break in a sentence; hyphen; bit; drop; pinch; rush; sprint; onset; race; vigor; spirit

dash v. to move with sudden speed; to bolt; to shatter; to hurl; to cast

date n. day, month and year according to the calendar; interview; meeting

deadline n. time when a project; assignment; task or job must be completed or turned in

deafening adj. to make deaf, especially momentarily by a loud noise; to make soundproof

deal n. agreement; business transaction; exchange; amount

deal v. to give; to provide; to offer; to distribute; to supply; to direct; to take care; to sell; to trade

dealer n. supplier; seller; merchant; agent; sales representative

dealing n. manner of doing business; behavior; distribution; giving out

debase v. to lower in character, quality, or value; degrade

debate n. argument; dispute; discussion; conversation

debate v. to argue; to discuss; to consider; to ponder

debris n. rubble; ruins; wreckage; fragments

debt n. obligation; something owed (i.e. money)

debut n. opening of a show; first public appearance

debut v. to perform for the first time; to make one's premiere performance

decade n. ten years; group of tens

deceive v. to cause to believe what is not true; mislead

declaration n. statement; proclamation; announcement

declare v. to proclaim; to make a statement; to make a full statement of (one's taxable or dutiable property)

decline n. downward; descent; slope; ebb

decline v. to refuse; to go down; to decrease; to fall

decorate v. to furnish, provide, or adorn with something ornamental; embellish; to confer a medal or other honor on

decrease n. decline; reduction; lessening

decrease v. to reduce; to lessen; to decline

dedicate v. to devote to; to set apart for; to inscribe (a book, poem, song, story etc.) to someone

dedication n. devotion; inscription (in a book, poem, etc.)

deduce v. to reach (a conclusion) by reasoning; to infer from a general principle; reason deductively

deduction n. the act of deducting; subtraction; an amount that is or may be deducted; the drawing of a conclusion by reasoning

defamation n. The act of defaming; calumny

default n. failure to perform a duty; failure to pay on time; failure to appear in court; option on a computer which is automatically selected

default v. to fail to perform a duty; to fail to pay on time; to fail to appear in court

defect n. deficiency; flaw

defect v. to desert; to abandon; to change sides

defense n. protection; security; rampart; shield

deference n. submission or courteous yielding to the opinion, wishes, or judgment of another; courteous respect

define v. to explain; to clarify; to limit; to set boundaries

definition n. explanation; meaning; interpretation (as of a word or term)

deform v. to spoil the natural form of; misshape; to spoil the beauty or appearance of; disfigure

degrade v. to reduce in grade, rank, or status; demote; to lower in dignity; dishonor or disgrace; to lower in moral or intellectual character; debase

degree n. rank; extent; unit of measurement of temperature and angles; academic title received after completing a program of studies at a university or college, i.e.: MBA (Master of Business Administration)

deject v. to lower the spirits of; dishearten

delay n. postponement; hindrance; hold-up; stopping; lingering

delay v. to postpone; to hinder; to linger; to move slowly; to loiter

delegate n. representative; deputy; agent; participant of a conference, convention; seminar etc.

delegate v. to authorize; to appoint as representative; to pass a duty or responsibility on to someone else

delete v. to remove totally; to erase; to eliminate

deliberate adj. intentional; purposeful; methodical

delicious adj. tasty; having a pleasant taste or smell

delineate v. to draw or trace the outline of; sketch out; to represent pictorially; depict; to depict in words or gestures; describe

deliver v. to convey; to give; to bring; to distribute; to express

delivery n. distribution; liberation; transference

delude v. to deceive the mind or judgment of

demeanor n. behavior; conduct; bearing; appearance

demographics n. study of the statistical characteristics of a population

demolish v. to destroy; to ruin; to tear down; to remove

demonstrate v. to exhibit; to present; to display emotion; to display public opinion (through a protest march, meeting or any other action); to show or illustrate something through example, or physical demonstrations

demonstration n. exhibition; explanation; showing; display of public opinion (through a protest march, meeting or any other action); emotional display

denial n. refusal to accept; refusal to believe; refusal to recognize; act of denying

denominator n. shared characteristic; common feature; number below the line in a fraction (Mathematics)

denounce v. to condemn openly as being evil or reprehensible; to accuse formally

dense adj. compact; having a high mass per unit volume; close

density n. compactness; closeness

deny v. to say that something is not true; to refuse; to renounce

depart v. to leave; to go away; to go in a different direction; to die

departure n. leaving; going away; opposite of arrival

depend v. to rely on; to trust; to be dependent upon; to be supported by

dependent adj. relying on; needing (the help or support of another person); conditional; contingent

depict v. to describe; to illustrate; to characterize; to portray; to elucidate

deplete v. to decrease the fullness of; use up or empty out

deplore v. to feel or express strong disapproval of; condemn; to express sorrow or grief over

deploy v. to be spread out or arranged strategically (of troops, etc.); to move into a position of readiness and availability

deposit n. sum of money that has been put in a bank for safekeeping; partial payment; pledge

deposit v. to put a sum of money in a bank for safekeeping; to pay in part; to set down

deprivation n. a removal of rank or office; a removal of rank or office; a removal of rank or office

deprive v. to take something away from; to keep from possessing or enjoying; deny; to remove from office

deregulate v. to free from regulation, especially to remove government regulations from

deregulation n. process of removing something from government control; transferal of ownership from government to private hands; privatization

dereliction n. willful neglect, as of duty or principle; the act of abandoning; abandonment

deride v. to speak of or treat with contemptuous mirth

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conspicuous adj. easy to notice; obvious; attracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable; noticeable

constant adj. continuous; firm; faithful; persistent; unbending; adamant

consternation n. a state of paralyzing dismay

constipation n. difficult, incomplete, or infrequent evacuation of dry hardened feces from the bowels; obstruction; stultification

constrain v. to compel; to force; to reinforce; to oblige; to coerce; to emphasis; to stress

constraint n. restriction; force; limitation; limit

construct v. to form by assembling or combining parts; build; to create (an argument or a sentence, for example) by systematically arranging ideas or terms

construction n. building; structure; the industry of erecting buildings; word combination

construe v. to interpret; to see; to perceive

consultancy n. advisership

consultant n. advisor (adviser); counselor; coach; person who gives professional advice

consume v. to eat or drink; to use up; to destroy

consumer n. buyer; client

consumption n. using up

contact n. link; connection; touch; interface

contact v. to establish communication; to make a connection; to link to; to connect with

contain v. to include; to hold back; to restrain; to keep under control

contemporary adj. modern; current

contemporary n. person living at about the same time as another person

content adj. satisfied; pleased

content n. substance; component; all that is inside of something

content v. to satisfy; to please; to meet a request

contest n. competition

contest v. to fight for; to challenge; to appeal

context n. connection; text (words, sentences and phrases) that surround a word or sentence; overall situation; background; situation

continue v. to go on; to keep doing something; to last; to perpetuate

continuity n. stability; consistency; continuousness; unbroken succession

continuous adj. successive; uninterrupted; permanent

contractor n. person or company that does a particular job or assignment

contrary adj. opposed

contrary adv. in opposition; against; counter

contrary n. something which is opposite

contrive v. to devise; to invent; to dream up; to design (often in a negative way)

convenience n. comfort; freedom from discomfort; fitness or suitability for performing an action or fulfilling a requirement

convenient adj. comfortable; useful; serviceable

convention n. conference; routine; custom; treaty

conventional adj. customary; routine; formal

converge v. to meet; to assemble to gather; to get together

conversant adj. well-versed; proficient; skilled

conversation n. talk; dialogue; discussion; verbal exchange

convey v. to carry; to transport; to impart or to communicate by statement, suggestion, gesture or appearance

conveyance n. the act of transferring a property title from one person to another

conviction n. acknowledgement; strong persuasion or belief; condemnation

convince v. to persuade; to influence; to prove

cooperation n. collaboration; working together

coordinate adj. equal; equivalent; of equal rank or authority

coordinate n. reference point; geographical location

coordinate v. to arrange in proper order

cordially adv. in a friendly manner; warmly

corp. abbr. large company; firm; business

corporate adj. common; shared; collective

correlate v. to put or bring into causal, complementary, parallel, or reciprocal relation; to establish or demonstrate as having a correlation

correlation n. mutual connection (between two or more things); similarity; parallel

corrupt adj. spoiled; immoral; dishonest; perverted

corrupt v. to cause to be dishonest; to pervert; to spoil

corruption n. dishonesty; immorality; decay; irregularity; unlawfulness; illegality

costly adj. of high price or value; expensive; entailing loss or sacrifice

council n. assembly; board; group of people (gathered to advise, plan, etc.)

counsel n. advice; person who gives advice; attorney; lawyer

counsel v. to advise; to instruct; to coach; to advocate

counter adv. against; in contrast to

counter n. bar; long flat; surface (in a restaurant, kitchen, etc.); counting device

counterprep. against; opposed

counter v. to oppose; to retaliate; to react; to strike back

counterbalance n. equal weight or power acting in opposition

counterbalance v. to act against; to oppose (with an equal weight, force etc.)

coupon n. printed form that entitles the holder to certain rights such as in a discount

courier n. messenger; person who carries a message or goes an errand; company that delivers messages, documents, parcels, etc.

court n. yard; law court; formal reception; are where basketball or tennis is played

court v. to seek to please; to flatter; to seek to gain the affections of someone

courteously adv. politely; respectfully; graciously

courtesy n. politeness; good manners; cordiality; civility

coverage n. survey; review; news reporting; insurance

crack v. to break or snap apart; to make a sharp snapping sound; to break without complete separation of parts; fissure

craft n. trade; skill; skillfulness (in doing or creating); occupation; boat; plane

craft v. to shape with skill

crafted adj. produced; made; manufactured

crave v. to have an intense desire for; to need urgently; require; to beg earnestly for; implore

create v. to produce; to design; to make; to manufacture

creative adj. inventive; innovative; artistic

creativity n. innovativeness; inventiveness; ability to create

credible adj. reliable; trustworthy; dependable

credit n. money (in a bank account), money (from a bank or other source); trust; confidence; importance; respect; points earned (through study)

credit risk n. the prospect that a bond issuer will fail to make required debt payments

credit v. to believe; to have faith in; to accept; to bring honor or recognition to; to supply goods by deferred payment; to give credit to

creditor n. person or organization that lends something; lender; loaner; moneylender

creep v. to move with the body close to the ground, as on hands and knees; to move stealthily or cautiously; to move or proceed very slowly

crew n. group of people working together; team

criterion n. standard against which something is measured; factor; discipline

critic n. one who forms and expresses judgments of the merits, faults, value, or truth of a matter; one who specializes especially professionally in the evaluation and appreciation of literary or artistic works

critical adj. judgmental; important; crucial; vital

criticism n. the act of criticizing, especially adversely; a critical comment or judgment; the practice of analyzing, classifying, interpreting, or evaluating literary or other artistic works

criticize v. to disapprove; to censure; to find fault

critique n. a critical review or commentary, especially one dealing with works of art or literature; a critical discussion of a specified topic; the art of criticism

crop n. harvest; produce (Agriculture); group; whip; short haircut

crop v. to harvest; to cut short; to clip

crowd n. public; large group of people; gathering; large number of objects grouped together

crowd v. to gather together; to group together; to press in

crowded adj. full; packed; crammed together

crucial adj. very important; critical; decisive; vital

cruise n. traveling on a ship; sea voyage; sailing

cruise v. to sail; to move at a moderate speed; to travel; to coast; to drive along slowly

crux n. heart of the matter; main point

cuisine n. style of cooking; national food

culminate v. to reach the highest point or degree; climax; to come to completion; end

curb v. to check, restrain, or control as if with a curb; rein in

cure n. method or course that restores health; prescribed treatment for an illness

cure v. to restore to health; to make well; to correct a bad habit; to preserve food

curfew n. a regulation requiring certain or all people to leave the streets or be at home at a prescribed hour; the time at which such a restriction begins or is in effect

curious adj. inquisitive; desiring to know and understand; odd; strange; rare

currency n. national money of a country; circulation; custom; prevalence

current adj. recent; common; prevalent; present; popular

current n. flow (of water, electricity, etc.); process; tendency; direction

curt adj. brief; blunt; rude

curtly adv. briefly; bluntly; rudely

cushion n. pillow; soft padded object

cushion v. to reduce; to protect; to soften; to upholster

custom n. habit; tradition; convention

customer n. client; buyer; person who buys a product or service

customize v. to make or to fit according to individual needs or desires; to personalize; to individualize

customs n. place where goods and baggage are examined on entering a country; government department responsible for collecting taxes on imports

cutback n. reduction; curtailing; decrease

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competitor n. rival; companies that have the same target markets are competitors (i.e. Coca Cola and Pepsi); person who participates in a contest

compile v. to gather into a single book; to put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources

complacent adj. content; self-satisfied; comfortable; smug

complain v. to find fault; to express displeasure; to protest

complaint n. finding fault; act of expressing displeasure; pleading entered by a plaintiff (Law)

complete v. to make whole; to finish; to perfect

completion n. finishing; finalizing

compliant adj. obedient; submissive; obliging; yielding; acquiescent

complicate v. to confuse; to make hard to understand; to make difficult; to make complex

complicated adj. confusing; hard to understand; difficult; complex

compliment n. expression of admiration; word of praise for someone

comply v. to submit; to consent; to obey; to agree with

component n. ingredient; single piece which forms part of a larger unit; part; constituent; element

compose v. to create; to write; to arrange; to relax; to calm oneself; to settle

composition n. make-up; constitution; something which has been composed; essay

composure n. serenity; self-control; calmness; coolness

comprehend v. to understand; to contain; to grasp; to absorb; to perceive

comprehensive adj. including a lot; large in scope; extensive

comprise v. to include; to contain; to consist

compromise n. agreement; settling of a disagreement by making mutual concessions

compromise v. to establish an agreement; to settle a dispute; to settle a disagreement by making mutual concessions

compulsory adj. obligatory; required

compunction n. a strong uneasiness caused by a sense of guilt; a sting of conscience or a pang of doubt aroused by wrongdoing or the prospect of wrongdoing

compute v. to calculate; to figure; to estimate

conceal v. to hide; to keep secret; to cover up

conceive v. to understand; to comprehend; to grasp

concentrate v. to focus; to pay attention; to collect (energy, power, etc.) in one place or on one issue; to make stronger or more intense

concept n. plan; idea; thought; structure; system

conceptualize v. to plan; to design; to imagine; to conceive; to envision; to visualize

concern n. worry; issue; problem; interest; question; group of companies; large corporation

concern v. to involve; to affect; to worry; to interest; to relate to

concerningprep. about

conclude v. to finish; to infer; to deduce; to make a decision

conclusion adj. end; deduction; cognition; final decision

conclusive adj. serving to put an end to doubt, question, or uncertainty; decisive

concoct v. to invent; to create; to contrive; to think up

concrete adj. tangible; real; substantial; solid

concrete n. cement; something tangible (idea, object, etc.)

concrete v. to solidify

concur v. to agree; to harmonize; to coincide; to collaborate; to consent

condense v. to reduce the volume or compass of; to make more concise; abridge or shorten

conditional adj. imposing, depending on, or containing a condition

condolence n. sympathy with a person who has experienced pain, grief, or misfortune

condone v. to overlook, forgive, or disregard (an offense) without protest or censure

conduct n. behavior; management

conduct v. to behave; to manage; to transfer; to carry out; to transmit; to ensemble

confer v. to bestow (an honor, for example); to invest with (a characteristic, for example)

confess v. to disclose (something damaging or inconvenient to oneself); admit; to acknowledge belief or faith in; profess

confidence n. trust; certainty; faith in oneself; secret

confident adj. certain; sure of oneself; composed

confidential adj. classified; secret; strictly private

confirm v. to approve; to verify; to ascertain

confirmation n. formal approval; proof; verification; religious ceremony

conform v. to correspond in form or character; be similar; to act or be in accord or agreement; comply; to act in accordance with current customs or modes

confront v. to come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostility; to bring face to face with; to come up against; encounter

confuse v. to embarrass; to mix up; to muddle up; to bewilder; to startle

confusion n. disorder; embarrassment; bewilderment

congenial adj. having the same tastes, habits, or temperament; sympathetic; of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable; suited to one's needs or nature; agreeable

congest v. to overfill or overcrowd

congregate adj. gathered; assembled; involving a group

congregate v. to bring or come together in a group, crowd, or assembly

congruent adj. identical; corresponding; in agreement; harmonious

conjunction n. connection; link; uniting; joining

conjure v. to appeal; to summon; to invoke; to implore

connote v. to imply; to suggest; to hint

conscientious adj. careful; wanting to do what is right

conscientiously adv. dutifully; with care; thoroughly

conscious adj. aware; awake; attentive

consciously adv. knowingly; with awareness

consciousness n. awareness; cognition; ability to perceive

consecutive adj. sequential; following one after another

consensus n. an opinion or position reached by a group as a whole; general agreement or accord

consequently adv. as a result; therefore

conservative adj. resisting change; desiring to preserve traditions; cautious

conservative n. person who is resistant to change; cautious person; person who favors traditional political parties

conserve v. to protect; to guard from harm

consider v. to think over; to think carefully about something; to believe; to regard; to take into account

considerable adj. large in amount, extent, or degree; worthy of consideration; significant

consideration n. payment; thoughtfulness; respectfulness; careful attention

consideringprep. taking into account; in light of

consign v. to give over to the care of another; entrust; to turn over permanently to another's charge or to a lasting condition; commit irrevocably; to deliver (merchandise, for example) for custody or sale

consignment n. delivery; dispatch; conveyance

consist v. to be composed of; to be made up of

consistency n. material coherence; firmness; persistence; steadfastness

consistent adj. coherent; steadfast; firm

consortium n. partnership; association

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circulate v. to move in or flow through a circle or circuit; to move around, as from person to person or place to place; to spread widely among persons or places

circumspect adj. careful; cautious

circumstance n. condition; influencing factor; situation

circumstance v. to place in particular situations

circumvent v. to by-pass; to side-step; to evade

citation n. quotation; official praise; summons to a court of law

cite v. to quote as an authority or example; to mention or bring forward as support, illustration, or proof

citizen n. resident; native of a country; person who lives in a city or town; person who is not a soldier; civilian

citizenship n. right to live in a country; condition of being a member of a country

civic adj. pertaining to a city; pertaining to citizenship

claim v. to demand, ask for, or take as one's own or one's due; to take in a violent manner as if by right; to state to be true, especially when open to question; assert or maintain; To deserve or call for; require

claim n. lawsuit; request; right

clarify v. to make clear; to explain

classify v. to arrange systematically; to structure; to group; to sort; to make confidential

clause n. paragraph; section in a document; part of a contract

clearance n. release; approval; washing

clearly adv. obviously; apparently; unmistakably

clerk n. minor office worker; book-keeper; bureaucrat

clerk v. to work as an employee (i.e. in the legal or bank business)

client n. customer; buyer; computer that serves as a terminal

clientele n. the clients of a professional person or practice considered as a group; a body of customers or patrons

climate n. weather conditions; surrounding conditions; atmosphere; setting

clip n. clamp; fastener; shred; sharp blow; sharp strike; short film; segment of video; selecting part of a graphic document for the purpose of editing (Computers)

clip v. to cut off; to curtail; to cut short; to leave out (a letter or letters) from a word; to trim off

clipping n. article cut from a newspaper; piece which has been cut off or clipped out

clock n. timepiece; device for telling time

close adj. near; adjacent; careful; secretive; stingy; dense; compact; crowded; oppressive; intimate

coach n. trainer; tutor; teacher; bus; railroad car; horse pulled carriage

coach v. to train; to teach; to instruct; to direct; to guide; to counsel; to consult; to advise

coal n. fuel made from carbon; cinder; ember

coalition n. alliance; union; voluntary joining together; agreement made between two or more parties to work together toward a common goal

code n. cipher; string of commands in a programming language (Computers); collection of instructions of the law; the codex and rules

code v. to cipher

cogent adj. appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning; convincing

cognition n. awareness; perception

coherent adj. sticking together; consistent

cohesive adj. sticking together; forming a unit or union; united; related to each other

coin n. metal money; piece of stamped metal currency (as opposed to paper bills)

coincide v. to occupy the same relative position or the same area in space; to happen at the same time or during the same period; to correspond exactly; be identical; to agree exactly, as in opinion; concur

coincidence n. chance occurrence; unforeseen event; occurrence of two or more events at the same time; condition of occupying the same place at the same time

collaborate v. to work together; to cooperate

collaboration n. working together; cooperation

collapse v. to fall down or inward suddenly; cave in; to break down suddenly in strength or health and thereby cease to function

collate v. to compare in a critical manner; to verify; to gather; to sort; to collect; to assemble; to compile

collateral adj. of secondary importance; insignificant; corresponding

collateral n. security deposit

colleague n. fellow worker; co-worker

collectible adj. payable; subject to or requiring payment especially as specified

collectible n. rare object

collection n. group of objects that are related to each other; selection; choice; assortment; accumulation

collide v. to crash; to meet head on; to come together with solid or direct impact

colloquial adj. conversational; not used in formal speaking or writing; informal

collusion n. A secret agreement between two or more parties for a fraudulent, illegal, or deceitful purpose

combination n. joining; union; an ordered sequence

combine n. harvesting machine

combine v. to unite; to join; to come together; to become one

come across v. to happen upon; to find by chance; to discover; to see

come along v. to accompany someone; to forward; to appear; to advance; to proceed; to succeed

comfort n. relief; consolation; coziness

comfort v. to bring relief; to encourage; to console

comfortable adj. easy; relaxing; cozy; financially well to do

comforting adj. consoling; encouraging; reassuring; brining relief; heartening

command n. order; direction; control; domination; headquarters

command v. to rule; to control; to be in charge; to be in authority; to demand

commemorate v. to honor the memory of with a ceremony; to serve as a memorial to

commensurate v. of the same size, extent, or duration as another; corresponding in size or degree; proportionate

comment n. remark; note; statement; explanation; explanatory note; response; reaction

comment v. to make a remark; to explain; to write an explanatory note

commentary n. series of remarks; explanation (often written in essay or book form)

commerce n. trade; business; transactions; exchange of products/services and money

commercial adj. pertaining to business; pertaining to buying and selling

commercial n. television or radio advertisement

commission n. percentage of profits earned by a salesperson; document that grants certain powers; authorization; group of people with authority

commission v. to contract; to order; to empower; to authorize; to confer; to rank

commit v. to perform; to do; to engage; to execute; to offer; to pledge (one's loyalty, etc.); to be obliged; to give; to entrust

commitment n. obligation; promise

committed adj. obligated; engaged; industrious; ambitious; loyal

committee n. a group of people officially delegated to perform a function, such as investigating, considering, reporting, or acting on a matter

commodity n. merchandise; goods; item that is bought and sold; something useful

commotion n. a condition of turbulent motion; an agitated disturbance

communication n. exchange of information or ideas; transfer; passing along; letter; message

commute v. to exchange; to replace; to convert; to travel back and forth regularly (i.e. to work)

commuter n. person who travels back and forth between home and work

comparable adj. admitting of comparison with another or others; similar or equivalent

comparatively adv. relatively

compare v. to show how (people or things) are alike or different; to consider to be similar

comparison n. pointing out of similarities and differences; similarity; likeness

compartment n. one of the parts or spaces into which an area is subdivided; a separate room, section, or chamber

compartmentalize v. to separate into sections; to partition

compatible adj. capable of existing together in harmony; congruous; able to be used with other machines without alternation; able to be used on or with other computers without being changed

compatible n. piece of equipment which can be used with other machines without alternation; device which can be used on or with other Computers without being changed

compel v. to force; to coerce; to influence; to impose; to demand

compendium n. a short, complete summary; an abstract; a list or collection of various items

compensate v. to reward; to reimburse; to pay back; to make up for

compensation n. repayment; something done to make up for (a loss, deficiency or fault)

compete v. to contest; to contend against another; to participate in a contest

competent adj. adept; capable; fit; suitably skilled; well qualified; experienced

competition n. rivalry; contest; act of competing against another

competitive adj. involving rivalry; tending to contest

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C.C. abbr. secondary email address; copy of a document, message, or email that is sent to a third party

C.C.O.abbr. person who is responsible for ensuring that a company and its employees are in compliance with government regulations and internal policies

C.E.O.abbr. head manager of a corporation, company or large organization

C.F.O.abbr. treasurer; person who is responsible for all financial aspects of a company

C.O.D.abbr. cash payment to be made upon receipt of products or goods

C.O.O. abbr. head manager of a company or large organization

C.S.O. abbr. top executive rank; person who is responsible for the security of a company's communications and business systems

C.T.O.abbr. top executive rank; person who is responsible for research and development and possibly for new product plans

C.V.abbr. resume; chronological description of one's employment and educational history; biography

cab n. taxi; carriage; driver's compartment; extension for compressed files that are used by Microsoft Windows installation (set-up) programs

cabinet n. small room; piece of office furniture; office; group of ministers; part of a government

calculate v. to estimate; to compute (to add, to subtract, to divide etc.); to depend upon

calculator n. small machine that makes computations

calendar n. chart showing the months of a year (including days and weeks); schedule; timetable

calendar v. to write down in a timetable; to register

campaign n. series of activities organized to accomplish a goal such as in an advertising campaign

campaign v. to conduct a series of activities organized to accomplish a goal

cancel v. to call off; to repeal; to revoke; to annul; to terminate; to stop

cancellation n. nullification; termination; revocation

candid adj. honest; straightforward; open; frank

candidate n. applicant; nominee; examinee

canvass n. examination; careful inspection; debate

canvass v. to examine; to debate; to scrutinize; to solicit votes or opinions

capability n. ability; skill; trait; characteristic; quality; feature

capable adj. skilled; able; proficient; adept

capacity n. volume which can be contained or received; function; role; feature; potential

capital adj. main; major; chief; principal

capital n. property; financial means; assets; property; main city of a country of region (city where national or regional government is located, i.e.: London is the capital of the UK)

capitalization n. process of turning money into profit

capitalize v. to turn into money; to turn profit; to finance; to provide with capital; to write a word in capital (big) letters

capsize v. to overturn or cause to overturn

capture v. to copy; to photograph; to snapshot

career n. profession; development; progress; gradual growth

cargo n. freight; luggage; baggage; load

carpenter n. a person who makes things out of wood such as furniture

carpet n. rug; fabric floor covering

carpet v. to cover or to furnish with textile materials; to reprimand; to scold

carriage n. coach; buggy; railroad car; transportation; manner of carrying oneself

carrier n. person or company that ships things; aircraft carrier; shipping company; truck

carry out v. to put into practice; to accomplish; to perform; to conduct

carry v. to transport; to continue; to bear

cart n. car; wagon; coach; carriage; trolley

cart v. to drag or to carry by force; to carry or to convey in a cart

case n. occasion; instance; situation; matter; container; bag

cash n. money in the form of coins and bank notes

cash reserves n. bank deposits that are available on a short-term basis; treasury bills

cash v. to exchange a check (or another money order) for coins and bank notes; to redeem

cast n. throw; team of actors; squint (of the eye)

cast v. to throw; to project; to form; to shape; to mold; to choose actors, singers or entertainers (for a play, movie, show, music project, etc.)

catalog n. itemized list (the items on the list are usually described); index; directory

catalog v. to make an itemized list; to index; to classify

categorize v. to arrange in groups; to classify; to sort; to structure

category n. class; division; section; segment

cater v. to provide; to supply (food, etc.); to care for

catering n. business of supplying and servicing food (at parties and other events); company that offers food and beverage delivery

caution n. notice; warning; caveat; carefulness; premonition

caution v. to warn; to notify of danger

cautious adj. careful; wary; suspicious

caveat n. caution; warning; admonition; suspension of proceedings (law)

cement n. concrete; mortar; bonding agent; filling (for teeth)

cement v. to reinforce; to bind together; to strengthen a connection

ceremony n. rite; ritual; formality

certificate n. official document; license; reference; attestation

certificate v. to confirm; to license; to authorize

certify v. to confirm to be true; to authorize

cessation n. a bringing or coming to an end; a ceasing

chain n. group of stores, outlets, banks etc., under one management; series of metal rings which are linked together

chain v. to tie down

challenge n. difficult situation; invitation to engage in a contest; something which tests one's ability to handle difficult tasks

challenge v. to dare; to invite to engage in a contest; to stimulate; to test one's ability

changeable adj. arbitrary; fickle; flexible

character n. nature; disposition; attitude; figure; person; statement of qualities, features and abilities; letter of symbol (in Asian languages)

characteristic adj. typical; distinctive

characteristic n. trait; feature; ability; distinguishing quality; attribute

characterize v. to describe; to depict; to portray; to outline

charge n. price; cargo; responsibility

charge v. to entrust; to order; to command; to accuse; to fill with energy; to supply with power (i.e. a battery, accumulator, cell etc.)

chart n. graph; diagram

chart v. to make a graph; to draw; to diagram

check n. examination; money order; payment order; pausing; stopping; restaurant bill

chef n. professional cook; head cook in a restaurant of hotel

cheque n. written order directing a bank to pay a specific amount of money

chew v. to bite and grind with the teeth; masticate; to meditate on; ponder

chop n. cut of meat; seal; trademark; blow of an axe

chop v. to cut; to cut down; to cut into pieces; to mince

chore n. routine job; unpleasant task

circle n. ring-shaped geometric figure; round figure; group; society

circle v. to surround

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back up v. to support; to solidify; to strengthen

backlash n. rebound; recoiling; sudden movement to the rear

backup n. copying of data for safety purposes; substitute; reserve; spare

badge n. tag; sign; identification tag

baggage n. luggage; cargo; things to take on a trip; equipment

balance n. leveling; harmony; stability; rest; remainder

balance v. to make equal

bank draft n. check

banknote n. bill; money made of paper issued by a bank

bankrupt adj. lacking; deficient; insolvent; unable to pay debts

bankrupt n. a person who was unable to repay their debts

bankrupt v. to ruin financially; to go bust; to go broke; to collapse

bankruptcy n. state of losing property to one's creditor s due to unpaid debts; inability to pay debts; insolvency

banquet n. celebration; feast; dinner; drinking

banquet v. to hold a party; to feast; to dine; to drink; to attend a banquet

barely adv. hardly; scarcely

bargain n. good deal; agreement; item that has been bought at a specially low price

bargain v. to negotiate; to arrive at an agreement

barren capital n. money which is not generating profit

barrier n. border; limit; obstacle; barricade

barter n. exchanging of goods and services; trade

barter v. to exchange goods and services

base adj. low; despicable; ignoble

base n. foundation; principal element; fundament; fundamental part

base v. to establish; to found; to set up; to place on

basis n. foundation; grounding

bearer n. person who holds a money order

behalf n. representing; in support of

behavior n. manner of acting; conduct

benchmark n. criterion; measure; point of reference for comparison

beneficent adj. kind; good

beneficial adj. advantageous; pleasurable; enjoyable

beneficiary n. one that receives a benefit; the recipient of funds, property, or other benefits, as from an insurance policy or will

benefit n. advantage; profit; aid; stipend

benefit v. to profit; to gain; to be advantageous

beverage n. drink; refreshment

beyond adv. past; further than

beyondprep. further; more distant

bias n. prejudice; tendency; leaning

bias v. to prejudice; to influence opinions

bill n. bank note; invoice; proposed law

bill v. to charge; to announce; to advertise

birth rate n. number of babies that are born per year per thousand (in a given area, group, etc.)

blame n. guilt; responsibility; liability

blame v. to accuse; to denounce

blanket n. bed covering; quilt

blanket v. to cover; to coat

blouse n. a woman's or child's loosely fitting shirt that extends to the waist or slightly below; a loosely fitting garment resembling a long shirt, worn especially by European workmen

blunder n. gross error; stupid mistake

blunder v. to make a stupid mistake; to move back and forth in a clumsy manner; to move blindly; to grope

board n. management committee (i.e.: board of directors); printed board which connects to a slot in a computer; food

board v. to accommodate; to house; to enter (a plane, ship, bus, etc.)

boast n. the act or an instance of bragging; a source of pride

boast v. to glorify oneself in speech; talk in a self-admiring way

bond n. link; connection; obligation; grasp; certificate of debt

bond v. to store in a warehouse

bonded adj. secured in a warehouse

bonus n. dividend; perk; monetary gift

book v. to record; to order in advance; to inscribe; to indicate

bookcase n. shelves used to store books printed items

boom n. a time of economic prosperity; a sudden increase, as in popularity

boom v. to grow, develop, or progress rapidly; flourish

boost n. push; lift; incentive; encouragement; shove; raising

boost v. to raise; to push; to urge; to lift

border n. boundary; edge; limit

border v. to be adjacent to

bother n. effort; nuisance

bother v. to annoy; to harass; to worry; to make an effort; to be concerned

bothersome adj. annoying; irritating

bound adj. obligated; certain; fastened; tied

bound n. limit; border

bound v. to jump; to leap

brake n. device which is used to slow or stop a vehicle

brake v. to stop a vehicle; to slow down a vehicle

branch n. affiliate; office; industry; trade; business unit

branch v. to fork; to divide into parts or sections

brand n. product manufactured by a company and given a specific name or mark; trademark; type; make; variety

brand v. to mark with an iron; to disgrace; to condemn

breadth n. width; broadness

breadwinner n. one whose earnings are the primary source of support for one's dependents

break down v. to fail; to collapse; to defeat; to overthrow; to descend

break n. fracture; pause; rest; intermission; crack; opportunity; alteration

break v. to smash into pieces; to shatter; to crack; to be smashed into pieces; to be cut off; to force into; to stop; to cancel

breakdown n. collapse; crash; incident

breakthrough n. progress; reaching a new level; removal of a barrier; penetration

brief adj. short; concise

brief n. abstract; summary; concise report; instructions

brief v. to make a summary; to give a report; to inform; to instruct somebody

briefcase n. small container for documents; tool for synchronizing files between two computers

briefing n. short meeting; summarizing; giving and receiving instructions; reporting

broadcast n. transmission; dispatch; radio program

broadcast v. to transmit over the radio; to publicize; to advertise

brochure n. leaflet; booklet; printed product information

broker n. middleman; agent who buys and sells property or shares etc. for other people

broker v. to act as a middleman; to buy and to sell property for other people

brokered adj. negotiated by an intermediary; settled through a middleman

broth n. the water in which meat, fish, or vegetables have been boiled; stock; a thin, clear soup based on stock, to which rice, barley, meat, or vegetables may be added

browse v. to leaf through a book; to peruse a book; to surf Internet websites; to search the Internet for information; to read through websites

browser n. program used for viewing websites on the Internet

bruise n. an injury to underlying tissues or bone in which the skin is not broken, often characterized by ruptured blood vessels and discolorations; an injury, especially to one's feelings

bruise v. to injure the underlying soft tissue or bone of (part of the body) without breaking the skin, as by a blow; to hurt, especially psychologically

budge v. to move; to be moved

budget n. financial framework; financial plan

budget v. to prepare a financial plan; to make financial arrangements

bulk adj. relating to or designed for the mass of people; large-scale; widespread; popular

bulk n. volume; mass; main part; most

bulk transfer n. the sale of all or most of a company's inventory or assets to another company

bulk v. to inflate; to play an important role

bullion n. bars of gold; bars of silver

buoyant adj. floating; light; lively; cheerful

business n. company; enterprise; trade; commerce; matter; issue; question

butcher n. person who cuts meat; meat cutter; meat slaughterer; owner of a meat shop

button n. switch; icon to click on

button v. to fasten with buttons; to be fastened with buttons

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allowance n. grant; pocket money; stipend; discount; acknowledgement; deduction; concession

allude v. to make an indirect reference

already adv. previously; before a certain time

alter v. to change; to modify; to be changed; to be modified

alternate adj. rotating; one after the other; interchanging

alternate v. to interchange; to take turns; to rotate; to substitute

alternative n. choice; option

altitude n. height; distance above sea level

altruistic adj. unselfish concern for the welfare of others; selflessness

ambiguity n. vagueness; lack of clarity

ambiguous adj. open to dispute; having many possible interpretations; obscure; vague

ambition n. aspiration; hope; goal; dream

ambitious adj. aspiring; desirous of success; requiring great effort

ambivalence n. state of having both positive and negative feelings towards a subject

amend v. to change; to alter; to improve; to improve oneself

amortization n. gradual payment of debt; the reduction of the value of an asset

amount n. quantity; sum

amount v. to come to a sum; to become; to total

ample adj. much; plenty; large; spacious

analysis n. process of breaking down a subject and studying it; examination

analyze v. to examine; to make an analysis; to break down into parts and study (as in a subject)

anchor n. newsreader; main broadcaster on a TV or radio program; heavy object placed in the water in order to hold boats in place; source of security or stability

anchor v. to attach firmly; to fasten tightly

angle n. point of view; perspective; space between two or more lines which are joined at a common point

angle v. to bend; to turn sharply in a different direction; to present from a prejudiced point of view

anniversary n. yearly date commemorating a special event; birthday

announcement n. declaration; notice; statement; the act of informing the public

annoy v. to bother; to trouble; to irritate; to disturb; to distress; to upset; to harass

annoying adj. bothersome; troublesome; worrisome; harassing

annual adj. occurring once a year; yearly

anticipate v. to expect; to predict; to assume

anticipation n. expectation; hope; intuition

anyhow adv. in some way; in any event; in any case

anyway adv. at any rate; in any event; in any way; anyhow

apartment n. flat; living area consisting of several rooms such as a bedroom, a kitchen, a bathroom, a hall, etc.

apologize v. to express regret; to say sorry

apology n. expression of regret or sorrow; excuse; defense; justification

appall v. to fill with consternation or dismay

apparatus n. device; system; machine; gadget; appliance

apparel n. clothing; garments; clothes; garb

apparel v. to dress; to adorn wear

apparent adj. evident; obvious

appeal n. request; plea; petition for a new trial or judgment

appeal v. to plead; to request; to petition for a new trial or judgment

appealing adj. begging; attractive; interesting

appear v. to come into view; to show up; to seem

appearance n. act of coming into view; impression; the way a person looks; image; semblance

appease v. to bring peace, quiet, or calm to; soothe; to satisfy or relieve; to pacify or attempt to pacify (an enemy) by granting concessions, often at the expense of principle

append v. to add as a supplement or appendix; to fix to; attach

appliance n. tool; gadget; device; apparatus

applicant n. person who requests (for a position, job, etc.); candidate; nominee

application n. computer program; act of officially requesting for a position, job, etc.; written request; formal letter; implementation

apply v. to make a request; to implement; to enforce; to realize; to put into practice; to embrace; to refer

appoint v. to nominate; to designate

appointment n. official date, meeting; interview; nomination

appreciate v. to esteem; to regard highly; to raise the value; to become more valuable

approach n. access; method; system; procedure

approach v. to appeal to; to turn to; to come near to; to tackle (a problem or situation); to solve (a problem or question)

approbation n. an expression of warm approval; praise; official approval

appropriate adj. suitable; fitting

appropriate v. to set aside; to allot, to adapt; to embrace; to accept

approval n. confirmation; endorsement; positive opinion

approve v. to agree; to concur; to confirm; to endorse

approximately adv. nearly; about; around; circa

apt adj. suitable; appropriate; able to learn quickly; intelligent; sophisticated; savvy; clever; capable

aptitude n. ability; skill; talent

arable adj. fit for cultivation, as by plowing

arbitrary adj. optional; uncertain; changeable; open; unrestricted

argue v. to dispute; to claim; to give reasons

argument n. dispute; claim; rationale; cause

arise v. to get up, as from a sitting or prone position; rise; to awaken and get up; to move upward; ascend; to come into being; originate; to result, issue, or proceed

arrange v. to organize; to settle; to structure; to establish; to set up; to order; to systematize

arrangement n. organization; order; selection; range; assortment

array n. display; layout; clothing; arrangement of data elements (in computing); menu

arrest n. detention; imprisonment

arrest v. to detain; to slow down; to capture; to imprison

arrival n. reaching a destination; appearance; incoming; opposite of departure; comeback

article n. item; object; piece of text; paragraph of a contract

articulate adj. speaking fluently; lucid; eloquent; expressed using clear and distinct words; able to speak

articulate v. to express in a fluent and clear manner

artificial adj. not genuine; simulated; unreal

artisan n. creator; craftsman; skilled workman

ASAPabbr. quickly; immediately; swiftly; speedily; fast

ascend v. to go or move upward; rise; to rise from a lower level or station; advance; to go back in time or upward in genealogical succession

ascertain v. to clarify; to verify; to confirm; to make sure; to strengthen; to reinforce; to underline; to emphasis

ascribe v. to attribute to a specified cause, source, or origin; to assign as a quality or characteristic

aspect n. point of view; facet; appearance; outlook; direction; issue; point

assemble v. to gather together; to put together; to collect; to converge; to get together; to arrange; to meet

assembly n. meeting; conference; set; group of people; congregation

assent n. agreement; concurrence; acquiescence; consent

assent v. to agree, as to a proposal; concur

assess v. to estimate; to appraise; to gauge; to evaluate; to measure; to establish the level of something

assessment n. estimation; appraisal; measurement

asset n. something of value (property, equipment, goods, etc.); item of quality; something beneficial

assign v. to allot; to apportion; to give somebody a task or responsibility; to delegate; to appoint

assignment n. task; mission; duty; responsibility; role; obligation

assimilate v. to incorporate; to take in; to absorb

assist v. to aid; to help; to support; to guide; to direct

assistance n. aid; help, support; direction; upkeep

assistant adj. serving as an aide; helpful; supportive; auxiliary

assistant n. person who gives support to a superior; aide; helper

associate n. partner; fellow worker; co-worker; friend

associate v. to share company; to connect; to unite; to be a partner; to relate to; to link to; to make a connection between two things; to combine

association n. organization; society; union; coalition; foundation, connection of ideas; relation between facts

assort v. to classify; to group; to categorize; to systematize; to structure; to put in order

assortment n. variety; collection; selection; range; mixture

assume v. to suppose; to guess; to think; to surmise; to take on a position or duty; to adopt an idea; to accept an idea

assure v. to give confidence; to promise; to pledge; to ascertain; to encourage

asylum n. an institution for the care of people, especially those with physical or mental impairments, who require organized supervision or assistance; a place offering protection and safety; a shelter; the protection afforded by a sanctuary

attach v. to fasten; to link to; to add; to ascribe to; to connect to

attachment n. emotional link; emotional bond; connection; confiscation; court-ordered seizure of property or money; annexation; attached file; file that is sent along with an email message

attain v. to reach; to achieve; to fulfill; to realize (a goal, purpose, etc.)

attainment n. achievement; fulfillment; ability

attempt n. try; assay; test; trial

attempt v. to try to; to assay

attend v. to be present in a place; to care for; to serve; to accompany

attendance n. being physically present; act of accompanying or serving

attendant adj. present; opposite of absent; accompanying

attendant n. servant; steward; stewardess; person who serves others; person who accompanies others

attendee n. person who takes part in a particular event such as a conference or seminar; participant

attention n. concentration; consideration; focus; care; acknowledgement; recognition

attentive adj. concentrated; focused; observant; polite; caring

attentiveness n. awareness; concentration; ability to concentrate on an issue

attest v. to affirm to be correct, true, or genuine; to certify in an official capacity; to supply or be evidence of

attire n. dress; clothing; apparel

attire v. to dress; to put on clothes

attitude n. position; opinion; viewpoint; stance; way of thinking; outlook; perspective

attorney n. lawyer; barrister; advocate; a professional who represents clients in a court or advises them on legal matters

attribute n. quality; factor; characteristic; feature; adjective (grammar)

attribute v. to ascribe to; to link to; to associate with; to relate to

auction n. public sale where goods are sold to the highest bidder (eBay is a very popular auction site)

auction v. to sell something through a bidding system

audience n. group of people who gathered to see or hear a performance, a seminar, a talk, etc.; viewers; official meeting; interview

audio adj. pertaining to hearing and listening; sound

audit n. examination of financial accounts; internal investigation

audit v. to examine accounts and other financial records; to investigate; to look into accounts; to verify accounts

auditorium n. large room used for lectures; talks, performances and other events

augment v. to increase; to enlarge; to enhance; to multiply

authority n. official institution; agency; power; control; jurisdiction

authorize v. to permit; to approve; to empower

autograph n. a person's handwritten signature

autograph v. to write one's name by hand; to sign one's name

automobile n. car; vehicle; ride

avail n. advantage; profit; help; benefit

avail v. to be useful; to help; to facilitate

availability n. accessibility; attainability; obtainability

available adj. ready for use; attainable; present; valid

average adj. immediate; regular; common; usual; plain; simple; standard

average n. mean, median

average v. to have a mean of a certain amount

averse adj. having a feeling of opposition, distaste, or aversion; strongly disinclined

avoid v. to escape; to keep away from; to prevent; to keep from happening; to evade

award n. prize; grant; arbitration

award v. to give; to grant; to judge; to rule

awareness n. consciousness

awesome adj. impressive; inspiring; great; frightening

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abandon v. to cease trying to continue; desist from; desert; to surrender one's claim to, right to, or interest in; give up entirely

abate v. to reduce in amount, degree, or intensity; lessen; to deduct from an amount; subtract

abbreviation n. shortened form of a word or word combination

abduct v. to carry off by force; kidnap

abide v. to comply; to obey; to submit; to conform; to tolerate

abnormal adj. not typical, usual, or regular; not normal; deviant

aboard adv. on board a ship, train, aircraft, or other passenger vehicle; in or into a group, organization, or business

aboard prep.on board of; on; in

abolish v. to cancel; to revoke

abominable adj. unequivocally detestable; loathsome; thoroughly unpleasant or disagreeable

abound v. to be plentiful; to be filled with; to overflow with

abreast adv. side by side; in alignment; on top of; up-to-date; well-informed

abroad adv. in another country; outside; widely

absence n. failure to appear; state of being away; state of being not present; opposite of presence

absent adj. preoccupied; lost in thought

absolve v. to pronounce clear of guilt or blame; to relieve of a requirement or obligation

absorb v. to suck up; take up; take in

abstemious adj. eating and drinking in moderation; sparingly used or consumed; restricted to bare necessities

abstinent adj. self-restraining; not indulging an appetite especially for food or drink

abundant adj. plentiful; copious; profuse; full abounding with

abuse n. misuse; maltreatment; corrupt practice; foul language

abuse v. to misuse; to injure; to harm; to mistreat; to insult; to malign; to curse; to revile

accelerate v. to cause to move or happen faster; to hasten; to increase the speed of something; to speed something up

accelerator n. gas pedal of a motor vehicle; expansion card or other hardware item that speeds up computer operations such as the processing of graphics or floating-point calculations (Computers)

access n. approach; entry; permission to enter a computer system or network and/or retrieve data

access v. to gain entrance to; to get at

accessible adj. easily approached or entered; easily obtained; easy to talk to or get along with

accommodate v. to adapt oneself; to host guests; to provide lodging

accommodation n. housing; residence; lodging; arrangement; adjustment

accompany v. to go along with; to go together with; to join; to attach

accomplish v. to complete; to achieve; to attain; to perform

accomplishment n. fulfillment; realization; attainment; achievement

accord n. agreement; settlement; harmony

accord v. to match; to fit; to complement

accordance n. conformity; agreement; coordination; suitability

account n. business arrangement which allows use of something; formal business agreement in which a client is provided access to a computer system; report

account v. to explain; to give a report; to cause; to regard

accountant n. a person who keeps financial records; a person who conducts financial audits

accounting n. a system of recording and analyzing financial transactions; auditing; a detailed financial statement

accredit v. to certify; to recognize; to assign; to license

accrue v. to accumulate; to compile; to increase; to grow

accumulate v. to gather or pile up; amass

accuracy n. preciseness; exactness

acknowledge v. to admit the existence, reality, or truth of; to recognize as being valid or having force or power; to express thanks or gratitude for; to report the receipt of

acknowledgement n. the act of admitting or owning to something; recognition of another's existence, validity, authority, or right; an answer or response in return for something done; an expression of thanks or a token of appreciation

acquaint v. to make familiar; to present someone; to introduce someone

acquaintance n. person that you have met but do not know well; knowledge of something; familiarity

acquainted adj. familiar; close; intimate; informed; aware

acquire v. to buy; to obtain; to purchase; to attain

acquisition n. purchase; something that has been purchased or obtained

acronym n. a word which is formed from the first letters of several words; i.e.: TOEIC

adamant adj. unyielding; firm; hard; unbending

adamant n. something unyielding; something hard; stone similar to diamond

adapt v. to conform; to change; to make suitable; to match; to fit

adaptable adj. capable of adapting or of being adapted

addict n. one who is addicted, as to narcotics or a compulsive activity; a devoted adherent; a fan

addict v. to cause to become physiologically or psychologically dependent on a habit-forming substance; to occupy (oneself) with or involve (oneself) in something habitually or compulsively

addition n. act of joining one thing to another; basic mathematical operation; augmentation; supplement; something added; devotion to a certain habit; dependency

additive n. supplement

address v. to direct to; to speak to; to direct to a specific destination; to mark with an address (as in a letter or package); to refer to

adept adj. proficient; skilled; expert

adept n. person who is an expert; person who is skilled

adequate adj. sufficient; suitable; appropriate; proper

adhere v. to stick to; to cling to; to be devoted to (an idea, group, organization etc.)

adjacent adj. close to; next to; nearest in space or position

adjoin v. to be next to; be contiguous to; to attach

adjourn v. to postpone; to delay; to end a meeting; to move to another place

adjudicate v. to hear and settle (a case) by judicial procedure; to study and settle (a dispute or conflict)

adjust v. to modify; to adapt; to tune; to fit; to install; to arrange; to settle

adjustment n. adaptation; settlement of an insurance claim

administer v. to manage; to supervise; to implement; to execute; to supply; to dispense

administration n. management (of an office, project, etc.); execution of managerial duties; people in charge of directing or managing; supervisors; leadership

administrative adj. managerial; executive

admirable adj. worthy of adoration; impressive; wonderful; marvelous

admiration n. enchantment; affection; adoration

admission n. entrance; permission to enter; confession

admonish v. to warn; to scold; to reprove

ado n. commotion; flurry; excitement

adopt v. to form a relationship with another person (as in to take a child as one's own); to embrace (an idea, method, belief etc.)

adorn v. to decorate; to beautify

adroit adj. alert; clever; ingenious; skillful; adept

advance adj. beforehand

advance n. forward movement; progress; modernization; promotion; amount or payment of money given before it is due

advance v. to progress; to move forward; to promote; to propose; to suggest; to make a payment before it is due

advancement n. forward movement; progress; promotion

advantage n. benefit; profit; utility; avail

adventuresome adj. willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises

adverse adj. acting or serving to oppose; antagonistic; contrary to one's interests or welfare; harmful or unfavorable

adversely adv. unfavorably; in a manner that works against; for the worse; antagonistically

adversity n. misfortune; hardship; distress; suffering

advocate n. one that argues for a cause; a supporter or defender; one that pleads in another's behalf

advocate v. to speak, plead, or argue in favor of

affable adj. easy and pleasant to speak to; gentle and gracious

affect v. to influence; to move someone; to act as if; to pretend; to have a certain disposition towards something; to have an affinity for something/somebody

affiliate n. partner company; distributor

affiliate v. to join with; to connect to; to become attached to

affiliation n. connection; attachment

affinity n. attraction; closeness; liking; likeness

affluent adj. generously supplied with money, property, or possessions; prosperous or rich; plentiful; abundant

afford v. to be able to pay for; to be able to do without difficulty; to supply; to provide; to give to oneself or to another

agency n. office; bureau; institution; franchise; method

agenda n. schedule; outline of things to be done

agent n. person who is authorized to perform a certain action; representative; factor; cause

aggregate adj. collective; total; taking all units as a whole

aggregate n. combination; conjunction; group; mixture

aggregate v. to accumulate; to gather; to collect; to assemble

aggression n. the act of initiating hostilities or invasion; hostile or destructive behavior or actions

airways n. route through traveled by vehicles above ground level

aisle n. passage; walkway (between rows of seats)

alert adj. ready; attentive; quick; agile

alert n. warning; alarm; attitude of readiness

alert v. to warn; to put on standby; to alarm

alienate v. to cause to become unfriendly or hostile; estrange; to cause to become withdrawn or unresponsive; isolate or dissociate emotionally

allay v. to relieve; to calm; to alleviate pain; to alleviate fear

allergicadj. of, characterized by, or caused by an allergy; having an allergy

allergy n. an abnormally high sensitivity to certain substances, such as pollens, foods, or microorganisms

alleviate v. to allay; to soothe; to relieve; to moderate; to soften; to lessen; to diminish

alliance n. pact; treaty; connection; relationship

allot v. to give out; to distribute; to ration; to set aside for a special purpose

allotment n. the act of allotting; something allotted

幽幽草

阅读是托业(TOEIC)考试一大难点，很多考生在阅读上失手。其主要存在以下几个难点：单词、句子阅读、阅读速度和考生主观臆断。针对这些问题本人谈谈自己的备考经验。
　　一、单词：准备单词卡片，循环背诵

　　一般托业阅读中涉及词汇量比较大，考生至少具备4000左右词汇量。单词贫乏的考生，一定要及时补充词汇，打下扎实的基础。在应试时很容易遗忘或混淆单词的意义，为了避免类似情况发生，一定要加强单词意义的理解。对此，考生可以制作单词卡片，正反面各写英文和中文解释。制订计划每天背一定量的生词，循环背诵并不断补充。当然，最有效的是阅读文章时记忆单词。

　　二、句子：参考上下文，分析主谓结构

　　在句子理解方面，考生最容易犯的错误就是根据自己已有经验片面理解。在阅读中有的题目考的是对于文章中某一句子的理解，要参考上下文客观地看问题。考生应对一些复合句，尤其是双重否定句、比较句、指代句等有较深了解。特别在遇到复杂句时，应静心思考，从把握句子主干一一主谓结构着手来分析解剖句子结构。

　　三、阅读扫描全文，做出标记

　　在阅读考试中要追求速度(speed)与准确度(accuracy)的完美结合。快而不准或准而太慢都会影响考分。考生在勤奋练习的时候掌握一些阅读技巧将达到事半功倍的效果。快速阅读最关键的是在扫描全文的时候把握每段的主旨，并做出标记，在看完全文后对文章的结构主题有大致的了解。此外，考生以单词为单位看文章，遇生词就停顿等坏习惯都要极力避免