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本帖最后由 一刻千金 于 2010-10-21 17:01 编辑
A a ［误］ I think it is an useful English dictionary. ［正］ I think it is a useful English dictionary. ［析］ 在不定冠词a与an的用法中要注意的一点是：an用在以元音开头的词之前；而a则用在以辅音开头的词之前。要特别注意的是以u字母打头的单词，如useful,university等，其第一个音标是［j］，所以要特别予以注意。 ［误］ I need a hour to finish this letter. ［正］ I need an hour to finish this letter. ［析］ 要注意hour和honest的第一个字母不发音。 ［误］ My teacher is a unknown man, but he is a very good man. ［正］ My teacher is an unknown man, but he is a very good man. ［析］ 要注意以u打头的单词，它的发音为［］时，单数名词前要用an，如uncle等。 ［误］ There is a "f" in the word "football". ［正］ There is an "f" in the word "football". ［析］ 英文字母单独使用时，如其第一个发音是元音时，其前面的不定冠词应该用an而不是a. ［误］ I have a little brother. He is a 8yearold boy. ［正］ I have a little brother. He is an 8yearold boy. ［析］ 要注意这些字母的第一个发音为元音，如eight, eleven等。 able ［误］ This bike is able to be repaired. ［正］ This bike can be repaired. ［析］ be able to 主要表达某事或某人具有某种能力去作某事，应译为"有本领"、"有能力"、"可以"作某事，如：I'm able to swim across this river. 而can可以用来表示具有接受能力或吸收能力。如：This radio can be repaired here. about ［误］ This class is about to begin just now. ［正］ This class is about to begin. ［析］ 要注意be about to 是"将要"的意思，含有将来时之意，不要与表示过去时的时间状语连用。另外，be about to 一般用作书面语，对应的口语是be going to. about on about与on都可以作"关于"讲，但却有所不同，例如：This book is about physics. 应译为"这是一本关于物理学的科普读物。"而：This book is on physics.则应译为"这是一本物理学方面的专著。" above ［误］ The temperature is five degrees over zero. ［正］ The temperature is five degrees above zero. ［析］ 表达"在……上方"时，above与over是可以互换的，如：The sky is above(or over)our heads. 但是要表达在垂直方向上的上方时则应用above不可用over，如：The sun has risen above the horizon. ［误］ There is often thick cloud above the South of China in summer. ［正］ There is often thick cloud over the South of China in summer. ［析］ 当表达覆盖之意时，只可用over而不能用above. ［误］ There is a bridge above the river. ［正］ There is a bridge over the river. ［析］ 用来表达"从……上方越过"时不能用above只能用over，如：The plane flew over the city. 但要注意There is waterfall above the bridge. 则应译为"在桥的上游有一个瀑布。" across ［误］ He ran across the wood. ［正］ He ran through the wood. ［析］ across是指某一动作在一平面内进行，而through则是指该动作在一三维立体空间的运动过程。如：The man came in through the window. He walked across the square. across across的主要用法有两个。其一，意为"对面"，如：There is a school just across the street. 其二，意为"横过"，如：He walked across the street. afraid ［误］ I dont't afraid of him. ［正］ I am not afraid of him. ［析］ 要注意"害怕"afraid一词在英语中不是动词，而是形容词，要与be动词连用。 after ［误］ Two weeks after he left. ［正］ Two weeks later he left. ［正］ He left after two weeks. ［析］ 要表达"在多少时间之后"，英语中有两种表达法，即：用later时，要时间在前，如three hours later; 而用after时要时间在后，如after three hours. ［误］ My father will be back after a few hours. ［正］ My father will be back in a few hours. ［析］ 受中文的影响，这个介词常常被误用。当你要表达在一段时间内某个动作可以完成时，一定要用in，而不能用after，因为after是指在某一时间之后。例如：This work will be done in two days. 即表明在两天内这一工作一定会做完。而如用了after，即表示在两天之后，完成的时间是不确定的。 after behind after多用于表示顺序的前后，如：She walked in the line after Tom. 或用来表示"追赶"，表示一种动态，如：He ran after Mary. 而behind多用于强调先进与落后，如：She is much behind the other girls in sewing. 或者用于表达"迟于"，如：The train was ten minutes behind the time table. 或者与表示静态的动词连用，如：She hid herself behind the flowers. afternoon ［误］ He worked very hard in a hot afternoon. ［正］ He worked very hard on a hot afternoon. ［析］ 习惯用的词组in the afternoon, 如果加入任何修饰词后其前面的介词in都要改为on，不论其修饰词在前还是在后，如：He swam in this river on the afternoon of June lst. 又如：Are you free on Sunday afternoon? against ［误］ He against me. ［正］ He is against me. ［析］ 要注意against意为"反对"，但它在英文中却不是动词，而是介词，如要讲反对某事或某人时则要加动词be, 如：He is against somebody/something. against for against意为"反对"、"不赞成"；而for则意为"同意"，为其反意词。如：Are you for or against the plan? age ［误］ He is twenty years old of age. ［正］ He is twenty. ［正］ He is twenty years old. ［正］ He is at the age of twenty. ago ［误］ Tom's father has been dead five years ago. ［正］ Tom's father died five years ago. ［析］ ago意为由说话时算起，若干时间以前。它只能和一般动词过去时连用，而不要与完成时连用。 ［误］ Yesterday I met a friend. We didn't see each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago. ［正］ Yesterday I met a friend. We hadn't seen each other for a long time since we left the college twenty years ago. ［析］ 要注意的是在本句是ago是用在由since引起的从句之中，只是从句应用过去时，但不影响主句的时态。 agree ［误］ Does the teacher agree to us? ［正］ Does the teacher agree with us? ［误］ Does he agree with our plan? ［正］ Does he agree with us? ［析］ agree with 指"同意某人的提议、建议、计划"等。如果要讲同意某项计划则要用agree to, 如：Do you agree to the plan? all ［误］ The old man has two sons. All of them are workers. ［正］ The old man has two sons. Both of them are workers. ［析］ all是指三者或以上的全部，而both则是指"两者都"。 ［误］ The all children are playing football now. ［正］ All the children are playing football now. ［析］ all作修饰词时其位置要在所有的修饰词之前，不论这些修饰词是定冠词、指示代词、形容词或名词，或代词的所有格。 ［误］ You all are right. ［正］ You are all right. ［析］ all作同位语时其位置要置于be动词之后，实意动词之前，如：The teachers all work hard. 或用于第一助动词之后，如：The boys have all been waiting for their mothers. almost ［误］ Nearly nobody thinks he is right. ［正］ Almost nobody thinks he is right. ［析］ nearly与almost是近意词，其含意差别不大，但是与否定词连用时要用almost, 例如：She brought almost no money with her. 此句中的almost不能用nearly替换。 alone ［误］ The old man lived lone but he didn't feel lonely. ［正］ The old man lived alone, but he didn't feel lonely. ［析］ alone, lone, lonely 三个词全具有"孤单、孤独"之意。但其用法不同：lone可以作定语，而alone则只能作表语，lonely则多指感情上与感觉上的孤独。 already ［误］ We are already for the work. ［正］ We are all ready for the work. ［析］ already 是副词，其意为"已经"，如：He already knew about it. 而all ready为形容词意为"准备好"。 already yet already多用于肯定句中，例如：The students have already finished the work. 而yet则多用于疑问句与否定句中，如：Have you finished it yet? I haven't finished it yet. also ［误］ I didn't find the dictionary also. ［正］ I didn't find the dictionary either. ［析］ 作为"也"讲，在否定句中要用either而不能用also. also too also与too都可用在肯定句中表示"也"，但also通常用于be动词或情态动词之后，如：I can also do it myself. 而too一般放于句尾。I'll attend his class, too. always ［误］ Always he asked himself why he had come here. ［正］ He always asked himself why he had come here. ［析］ always一般不能用于句首，它在一般句中的位置是于动词之前第一助动词之后，如：I've always thought he is honest. 又如：He is always late. among ［误］ If the three apples are divided among the two boys how much will each receive? ［正］ If the three apples are divided among the three boys how much will each receive? ［析］ among常用于三个事物或人物之间，而between则多用于两者之间。 an ［误］ This is an useful dictionary. ［正］ This is a useful dictionary. ［析］ 详见a条。 and ［误］ He did not speak loudly and clearly. ［正］ He did not speak loudly nor clearly. ［误］ Our school is not in New York and Chicago, but in Boston. ［正］ Our school is not in New York or Chicago, but in Boston. ［析］ "和"这一概念在肯定句中应用and，但在否定句中则要用or angry ［误］ My mother was angry to me. ［正］ My mother was angry with me. ［误］ He was angry with what I said. ［正］ He was angry at what I said. ［析］ 要注意be angry后面如果接人，表示"对某人生气不满"时应用be angry with somebody. 但要接事物时要用be angry at something. another ［误］ I have two sisters, one in America and another in English. ［正］ I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English. ［析］ 要注意英语中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法，现分别说明如下：another作形容词其意为：泛指的另一个或再一个，别的，类似的。一般在句中作定语，如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another还可以作为代词用，如：One student said："I want to play baskball."another said："I want to play football."other作形容词其意为"泛指其余的，别的"。如：I have other books besides these. 又如：Ask some other people please. the other则为特指，作形容词时其后面可接单数或复数名词，如：She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指，单数)又如：There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指，复数)但当the other作为代词时，它代表的可以是单数，也可以是复数，如：He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (单数)又如：There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(复数)are boys. 要注意的是当the other作主语时，其后面的谓语动词要视具体情况而定，它可能是单数，也可能是复数。others则只能作代词，其意为other ones即为：泛指某些，某一部分人或物，如：Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作为代词，它是特指某一些人或物，如：I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me. answer ［误］ Someone is knocking at the door. Please reply the door bell. ［正］ Someone is knocking at the door, Please answer the door bell. ［析］ answer与reply是近意词，作为及物动词用时有时二者是可以互换的，如：The student answered/replied that he wanted to watch TV. 但在某些特定场合则不易互换。作为应答之意时则多用answer，如：You should answer to your name. Please answer my letter as soon as possible. Answer my question in English. any ［误］ Do you have some questions? ［正］ Do you have any questions? ［析］ some一般要用于肯定句，而any则用于否定句或疑问句。 ［误］ China is larger than any other countries in Asia. ［正］ China is larger than any other country in Asia. ［析］ 要注意any other 其后要跟单数名词，但any of the other 其后要接复数名词。China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia. ［误］ Here are some books; you can choose anyone of these. ［正］ Here are some books; you can choose any one of these. ［析］ anyone只能指人，而any one即可指人 也可以指物。 around ［误］ The nine planets go around of the sun. ［正］ The nine planets go around the sun. ［析］ around后面不要再加介词，如：The sun shines all around us. around round 作介词用的around与round通常可以互换，只不过美语常用around，而英语常用round，例如：You can see the post office round/around that corner. (绕过那个弯你就可以看到邮局。但是一定要区别它们的不同之处：round可以用作形容词、副词、介词、动词、名词；而around只能用作副词或介词。例如：The post office is just round (around) the house (用作介词). He has round face (用作形容词). The river rounded the stones. (用作动词) arrive ［误］ I arrived Beijing the day before yesterday. ［正］ I arrived in Beijing the day before yesterday. ［正］ I reached Beijing the day before yesterday. ［误］ He arrived in the school at 11∶00. ［正］ He arrived at the school at 11∶00. ［析］ arrive为不及物动词，当到达的是较大的地理区域时用介词in，而到达较小的地方时则用at, 如：arrive in New York, arrive at the village. arrive reach get arrive如上所述是不及物动词，而reach则是及物动词。如：How did you reach the school this morning? 而get可用作不及物动词，作"到达"讲时其后面多与to连用。如：When did you get to New York? as ［误］ This man works in the bank for a manager. ［正］ This man works in the bank as a manager. ［析］ as与for有时是可以通用的。如：This room is used as (for) a classroom. 但是用来指官衔、职位时只能用as. ［误］ My brother is so taller as Tom. ［正］ My brother is as tall as Tom. ［析］ as… as之间只能用形容词与副词的原级，而不能用比较级。在否定句中可以用so…as，也可以用as…as，但在肯定句中只能用as…as，如：He is not so tall as Tom. ［误］ I'll give him the note as soon as he will come. ［正］ I'll give him the note as soon as he comes. ［析］ as soon as所引导的状语从句中应使用一般时态表示将来。 ask ［误］ The student asked a question to the teacher. ［正］ The student asked the teacher a question. ［析］ ask应接双宾语，即ask somebody something. ［误］ They asked some books. ［正］ They asked for some books. ［析］ 向某人要求某物时应用ask somebody for something或ask for something from somebody, 如：He asked his mother for some money. 或He asked for some money from his mother. asleep ［误］ He is deeply asleep. ［正］ He is fast asleep. ［析］ 要讲"熟睡"，就要用fast来修饰asleep。另外， 在英语中一般不讲somebody is sleeping而要用asleep。关于睡觉这一词的惯用法还有：go to sleep(如：The old man usually goes to sleep at ten.)， fall asleep(如：I fell asleep at English class yes terday.) at ［误］ It will really do you no harm quite. ［正］ It will really do you no harm at all. ［析］ at all和quite的汉语意思均为"全然"、"确定的"，但at all适用于否定句，例如： -I'm sorry. I'm late. -No trouble at all. 又如：I don't think it is right at all. 而quite则适用于肯定句，例如：He is quite a good teacher. ［误］ The children play football for lunch. ［正］ The children play football at lunch. ［析］ 英语中的at lunch为"在吃午饭时"。这种惯用法还有at work(在工作)，at table(在吃饭)，at desk(在学习)。而for lunch则是为午饭而准备的食物，又如：We had some milk for breakfast. ［误］ There is a post office in the corner of the street. ［正］ There is a post office at the corner of the street. ［析］ at the corner是指墙外面的角，而in the corner是指建筑物内部的角落。例如：There is a computer in the corner of the room. There is a street lamp at the corner of the street. at in on 在表示时间时用来表示具体钟点用at，如：He will be back at six. 表示一天的上、 下午时要用in,如：I usually get up at six in the morning. 但要注意的是，in the morning和in the afternoon这两个词组中如果加入了任何修饰词，其介词要换为on， 如：on the cold morning, on the hot afternoon.又如：See you on Monday morning. 如讲到具体的某一天，要用on, 如：on Sunday, 如：I usually want to visit my mother on Sundays. 在谈到周、月、季、年时要用in，如：All the children will be happy in Easter week. He was born in July. 但要注意在泛指圣诞节、复活节、感恩节时都用at, 如：Where are you going at Easter. | 
发表于 2010-10-21 11:35
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发表于 2011-4-7 20:49
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My God, so many words, I need time to check it again.
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受用