2006年职称英语卫生类(A级) 英语, 职称, 卫生

suhongxiao

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每　题1分，共15分）
　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近折选项。
　　1.She was a puzzle.
　　A girl　　 C problem
　　B woman　　D mystery
　　2.Her speciality is heart surgery
　　A region　C field
　　B site　　D platform
　　3.France has kept intimate links with its former African territories
　　A friendly　 C strong
　　B private　　D secret
　　4.You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly,
　　A spread　 C beaten
　　B mixed　　D covered
　　5.he industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.
　　A destroyed　C smashed
　　B broke　　　D changed
　　6.Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.
　　A posted　C given
　　B sent　　D handed
　　7.The change in that village was miraculous.
　　A conservative C insignificant
　　B amazing 　　 D unforgettable
　　8.Customers often defer payment for as long as possible.
　　A make　　C postpone
　　B demand　D obtain
　　9.Canada will prohibit smoking in all offices later this year.
　　A ban　　　C eliminate
　　B remove　 D expel
　　10. She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.
　　A declares B asserts　　C describes D announces.
　　11.From my standpoint, this thing is just ridiculous
　　A field　　　　　C knowledge
　　B point of view　D information
　　12.The latest census is encouraging
　　A statement B assessment
　　C evaluation D count
　　13.The curious looks from the strangers around her made her feel uneasy.
　　A different C uncomfortable
　　B proud 　　　D unconscious
　　14.Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.
　　A able C qualified
　　B fortunate D competent
　　15.He was elevated to the post of prime minister.
　　A pulled　　C lifted
　　B promoted　D treated
　　第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提　供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.
The Doctor in America
Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit have been the norm for American medical practice. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in their community. They refer their patients as needed to the hospital, which usually charges according to the number of days a patient stays and the facilities - X-rays, operating rooms, tests -he or she uses.
Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government's Public Health Service.
　　Physicians are among the best-paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s， it was not uncommon for medical doctors to， earn incomes of more than $100，000 a year. Specialists， particularly surgeons， might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would-be physicians first attend college for four years， which can cost nearly $20，000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $10，000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees， many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency （住院医生实习期）in a hospital， the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.
Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies.
Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many
medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that
physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.
　　16 Many physicians in the US are self-employed private physicians
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　17 No salaried physicians teach in medical schools in the US.
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　18 Of all employed physicians, those hired by corporations are best paid
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　19 Becoming a physician in the US costs considerable time and money.
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　20 Physicians in the US are poorly rewarded for their work
　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
　　21 Anyone with a medical degree can set up a medical practice in the US
　　A Right El Wrong C Not mentioned
　　22 There are more men physicians than women physicians in the US
　　A Right El Wrong C Not mentioned
　　第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每　题1分，共8分）
　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Breaking the News about Your Diagnosis
　　1 When I was diagnosed with breast cancer nearly a year ago， I found myself at a loss for words at first. Over time， however， I developed some pointers （点子）， which I hope will
help others.
　　2 During the first few weeks of emotional "aftershocks" （余悸） from the diagnosis， I found myself unable to utter the word "cancer". Still， I wanted to share the news with my relatives and friends who already knew that I'd had a biopsy （活检） and were anxiously awaiting my telephone call. I did the best I could， which is all anyone can do in this situation. When I called them， I said， "What we feared has happened." They immediately knew what I meant.
3 Nearly a year after my diagnosis, I find myself more comfortable telling people "1 was diagnosed with cancer" instead of saying '"1 have cancer." On some deep level, I don't want to "own" this illness. Choose language that suits you when you share your news. And keep in mind that there is no one "right" way of doing this.
4 Most people, after hearing your announcement, will be curious about the next step.
　　They may wonder if you will be undergoing radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy （化疗）。They may wonder where and when you will have surgery. Answer their questions as best you can， but keep in mind that "1 don't know right now" or "I'm still in too much shock to think about that" are good answers.
　　5 Wait until the initial wave of strong emotions has passed before telling the children in your life. Don't overwhelm （使不知所措） very young children with too much information. Assure them that， even if you will be in the hospital for a while， they will see you every day and they will be cared for. Older children may already fear the word "cancer"， so be prepared to reassure them. Emphasize the positive steps that doctors will be taking to treat your illness.
　　23 Paragraph 2
　　24 Paragraph 3
　　25 Paragraph 4
　　26 Paragraph 5
　　A Break the news as calmly as possible to children
　　B Break the news at your own pace
　　C Share the good news with your friends
　　D Choose language that suits you
　　E Follow your doctor's advice
　　F Be prepared for people's curiosity
　　27 You can break the news about your diagnosis without saying（）。
　　28 When breaking the news about your diagnosis， you can have（）。
　　29 After hearing about your diagnosis， people will ask questions（）。
　　30 Very young children won't feel comfortable（）。
　　A your own choice of words
　　B the word "cancer"
　　C the positive steps
　　D about the next step
　　E on too many answers
　　F with too much information

suhongxiao

　　第三篇 Smart Exercise
Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels, including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says: "While we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can literally cause physical changes in the brain."
　　The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies， even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes， a pediatrician （儿科医师）， believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. "Babies need movement that stimulates their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way， as they get older， children will begin to associate physical activity with higher learning，" says Margaret.
Older people can beef up their brains as well. Cornell University studied a group of seniors ranging in age from seventy to seventy-nine. Their study showed a short-term memory increase of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for infants, exercise for older people should involve some complexity. Learning some new skills or motions helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.
For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain's flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.
　　41 Research by Dr. Cameron seems to suggest that exercise can
　　A generate new blood vessels.
　　B change the way a person thinks.
　　C promote brain development.
　　D divert one's attention.
　　42 Margaret Barnes thinks that a lack of movement in infancy can
　　A lead to learning troubles later.
　　B cause physical disabilities later.
　　C stimulate the five senses.
　　D bring about changes in the brain.
　　43 The expression "beef up" in paragraph 3 means
　　A "control".
　　B "strengthen".
　　C "operate".
　　D "encourage".
　　44 To be beneficial, exercise for older people should
　　A be done in a group.
　　B be done on a daily basis.
　　C involve great difficulty.
　　D increase the heart rate.
　　45 The title of the passage implies that
　　A only smart people do exercise.
　　B exercise can be smart or stupid.
　　C exercise keeps the brain strong.
　　D it is fashionable to do exercise.
　　第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
　　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
How Did She Conquer the Americans?
　　African-American talk show queen Oprah Winfrey is the world's most powerful celebrity， according to Forbes magazine.（46）
Winfrey, 51, draws 30 million viewers weekly in the United States. Her talk show reaches 112 countries. She earned US$225 million over the past 12 months to rank second in celebrity riches.
　　The annual Forbes list gives most weight to annual earnings. （47）
"After 21 years, her exciting chat show still rules the airwaves. It created new celebrities and hundreds of millions of dollars in profits," the magazine said.
Winfrey is most popular with her popular talk show "The Oprah Winfrey Show". She can always attract the superstars and let them open up to her intimate interviewing style.
　　Last month， American actor Tom Cruise， 42， surprised fans when he celebrated his new romance with 26-year-old actress Katie Holmes. Fie jumped up and down， shouting "I'm in love." Only a few years ago， Cruise and his ex-wife Nicole Kidman appeared separately on the same show telling the news of their divorce. "（48）
　　Winfrey's approach appears to be simple. She is in pursuit of self-improvement and self-empowerment （自强）。 This has proved to be just what people， especially women， want.
Winfrey often talks about her personal secrets on her show. That pulls in viewers. For example, she revealed that she had been sexually abused as a child, and has spoken freely of her struggle with her weight.
　　Winfrey was born to a poor family in Mississippi in 1954. （49） At the woman to age of 19， she became the youngest person and the first African-American anchor （主持） a news programme.
Her success has not just been on the screen. Her media group includes a women's TV network and websites for women.
　　Winfrey's work has extended to social change. （50）
She testified before the US Senate to establish a national database of dangerous child abusers. President Bill Clinton later signed "Oprah Bill" into law.
　　A　But it also looks at the celebrity's presence on the Internet and in the media.
　　B　In 1991， she did a lot of work for the National Child Protection Act
　　C　She was not a very successful woman.
　　D　She began broadcasting while still at high school.
　　E　It placed Winfrey at the top of its annual ranking of the 100 people last week
　　F　The couple had been tight-lipped about their break-up.
　　第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
　　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
　　Study Confirms Red Meat Link with Bowed （结肠） Cancer
　　People who eat more than 160 grams of red or processed meat a day are 35 percent more likely to develop bowel cancer than those who ear less（51） 20 grams a day， according to one of the biggest nutrition investigations ever carried out.
　　The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition followed 478，040 men and women （52）35 to 70 from 10 European countries.
　　All subjects were free of cancer at enrollment between 1992 and 1998， but （53） an average follow-up of almost 5 years 1，329 bowel cancers had been reported.
　　The subsequent analysis， published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute， confirms the long-held suspicion （54） high intakes（纳入量） of red meat are associated with increased bowel（55） risk.
After taking into consideration factors like age, sex, height, weight, energy intake physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the investigators found that bowel cancer was (56) with intake of red and processed meat but not chicken.
　　Risk of bowel cancer dropped with increasing intake of fish. Eating more than 80 grams a day of fish was associated 　　　　　（57） a 31 percent reduction in risk compared with eating less than 10 grams a （58）
Subjects with high red meat and low fish intake were at 63 percent higher' risk of bowel cancer compared with subjects with low red meat and high fish (59). In addition, the risk of developing the disease was increased for (60) people who ate a low fibre diet.
　　Sheila Bingham， study investigator at the UK's Medical Research Council nutrition unit， said： "People have suspected for some time that high levels of red and processed meat （61）risk of bowel cancer， but this is one of the largest studies worldwide and the first from Europe of this type to show a （62） relationship."
She added in a statement: 'q-he overall picture is very consistent for red and
processed meat and fibre across all the (63) populations studied."
　　Study coordinator， Elio Riboli， of the World Health Organisation International Agency for Research into Cancer， said： "Other risk factors for（64） cancer include obesity （肥胖） and lack of physical activity. Smoking and excess alcohol may also play a（65）。 These factors were all taken into account in the analysis
　　51 A from B than C between D among
　　52 A aging B years C aged D ranging
　　53 A before B after C since D when
　　54 A that B which C whether D why
　　55 A illness B cancer C problem D death
　　56 A presented B selected C contrasted D associated
　　57 A with B into C for D against
　　58 A month B year C day D week
　　59 A habit B experience C harvest D intake
　　60 A these B much C those D that
　　61 A increase B lower C meet D show
　　62 A strong B poor C weak D casual
　　63 A Asian B American C European D African
　　64 A new B organ C fatal D bowel
65 A factor B role C risk D chance
1        D        2        C        3        A        4        B        5        D
6        C        7        B        8        C        9        A        10        C
11        B        12        D        13        C        14        C        15        B
16        A        17        B        18        C        19        A        20        B
21        B        22        C        23        B        24        D        25        F
26        A        27        B        28        A        29        D        30        F
31        D        32        D        33        C        34        B        35        A
36        D        37        B        38        A        39        D        40        C
41        C        42        A        43        B        44        D        45        C
46        E        47        A        48        F        49        D        50        B
51        B        52        C        53        B        54        A        55        B
56        D        57        A        58        C        59        D        60        C
61        A        62        A        63        C        64        D        65        B
　　其中：
　　1－30每题1分；
　　31－45每题3分；
　　46－50每题2分；
　　51－65每题1分。
　　试卷总分：100分。

suhongxiao

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
　　下面有3篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题定1个最佳选项。
　　第一篇 Is the Tie a Necessity？
Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?
Maybe. Last week, the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be tree of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.
　　In fact， Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities （知名人士） without ties， which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.
For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tile was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion.
But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.
　　The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a "band". The term could mean anything around a man's neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear （颈饰）impressed Charles II， the king of England who was exiled（流放）to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660， he brought this new fashion item along with him.
It wasn't, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.
But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.
　　31 The tie symbolizes all of the following except
　　A respect
　　B elegance
　　C politeness
　　D democracy
　　32 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie?
　　A Because he wants to make a show,
　　B Because he wants to attract attention.
　　C Because ties are costly.
　　D Because he wants to live in a casual way.
　　33 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion?
　　A Going to church.
　　B Going to work in the office.
　　C Staying at home.
　　D Going to a party.
　　34 Who brought the Frenchmen's neckwear to Britain?
　　A Tony Blair.
　　B Charles ll.
　　C Jim Callaghan.
　　D Andrew Turnbull.
　　35 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly?
　　A After the late 19th century.
　　B In the 1630s.
　　C In 1660.
　　D In the late 18th century.
　　第二篇 Brain-dead Mother Dies after Giving Birth
A brain-dead woman who was kept alive for three months so she could deliver the child she was carrying was removed from life support on Wednesday and died, a day after giving birth.
"This is obviously a bittersweet time for our family," Justin Torres, the woman's brother-in-law, said in a statement.
　　Susan Torres， a cancer-stricken， 26-year-old researcher at the National Institutes of Health， suffered a stroke in May after the melanoma （黑瘤） spread to her brain.
　　Her family decided to keep her alive to give her foetus （胎儿） a chance. It became a race between the foetus' development and the cancer that was destroying the woman's body.
Doctors said that Torres' health was getting worse and that the risk of harm to the foetus finally outweighed the benefits of extending the pregnancy.
　　Torres gave birth to a daughter by Caesarean section （剖腹产手术） on Tuesday at Virginia Hospital Center. The baby was two months premature and weighed about a kilogram. She was in the newborn intensive care unit.
　　Dr Donna Tilden-Archer， the hospital's director of neonatology （新生儿学）， described the child as "very vigorous." She said the baby had responded when she received stimulation， indicating she was healthy.
　　Doctors removed Torres from life support early Wednesday with the consent of her husband， Jason Tortes， after she received the final sacrament （圣礼） of the Roman
Catholic Church.
"We thank all of those who prayed and provided support for Susan, the baby and our family," Jason Torres said in a statement. "We especially thank God for giving us little Susan. My wife's courage will never be forgotten."
English-language medical literature contains at least 11 cases since 1979 of
irreversibly brain-damaged women whose lives were prolonged for the benefit of the
developing foetus, according to the University of Connecticut Health Center.
Dr Christopher McManus, who coordinated care 1"or Susan Torres, put the infant's chances of developing cancer at less than 25 per cent. He said 19 women who have had the same aggressive form of melanoma as Tortes have given birth, and five of their babies became ill with the disease.
　　36 Susan Torres died soon after
　　A she suffered a stroke.
　　B she became brain-dead.
　　C she was diagnosed with cancer.
　　D she gave birth to a baby.
　　37 The pregnancy was stopped because
　　A the foetus was found seriously ill.
　　B the risks outweighed the benefits.
　　C there was no hope to rescue the foetus.
　　O the Tortes family couldn't afford the expenses any more.
　　38 Which is NOT true of the baby?
　　A She was born of a dead mother.
　　B She was two months premature
　　C She weighed about a kilogram.
　　D She was healthy.
　　39 Susan Torres had been put on life support so
　　A she could live comfortably.
　　B she could see her baby.
　　C she could die without pain.
　　D she could deliver her baby.
　　40 The baby's chances of developing cancer were said to be
　　A about 11 per cent
　　B around 19 per cent.
　　C less than 25 per cent.
　　D close to 5 per cent.