2005年硕士研究生入学考试英语命题预测试卷(四)及答案 硕士研究生, 英语, 命题, 入学考试, 预测

幽幽草

　　Section I Use of English
　　
　　Directions:
　　
　　Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1.（ 10 points ）
　　
　　Everybody dances. If you have 1 swerved to avoid stepping on a crack in the sidewalk, you have danced. If you have every kneeled to pray, you have danced. For these actions have figured importantly 2 the history of dance. Dance goes 3 to the beginning of civilization- 4 the tribe where natives danced to get 5 they wanted. Primitive dance was 6 all practical, not the social dancing we know today. Natives approached dance with 7 seriousness as a way to help the tribe in the crucial process 8 survival. Dance was believed to be the 9 direct way to repel locusts, to 10 rain to fall, to insure that a male heir would be born, and 11 guarantee victory in a forthcoming battle.
　　
　　Primitive 12 was generally done by many people moving in the same manner and direction. 13 all dances had leaders, solo dances 14 rare. Much use was made of 15 part of the body. And so 16 were these tribe dances that, if a native 17 miss a single step, he would be put to death 18 the spot. Fortunately, the same rigid 19 that governed the lives of these people do not apply in the 20 relaxed settings of today's disco.
　　
　　1. a. ever　　 b. never 　　c. before　　 d. after
　　
　　2. a. about 　　b. for 　　c. in 　　d. around
　　
　　3. a. forward 　　b. back 　　c. up 　　d. down
　　
　　4. a. at　　 b. for　　 c. of 　　d. to
　　
　　5. a. when 　　b. why 　　c. which　　 d. what
　　
　　6. a. about 　　b. above 　　c. under 　　d. over
　　
　　7. a. little　　 b. great　　 c. less 　　d. least
　　
　　8. a. to 　　b. over　　c. of　　 d. at
　　
　　9. a. most 　　b. first 　　c. least 　　d. last
　　
　　10. a. cause 　　b. happen　　 c. try 　　d. make
　　
　　11. a. for 　　b. of 　　c. to 　　d. at
　　
　　12. a. food　　 b. dance 　　c. spells　　d. harvest
　　
　　13. a. since 　　b. despite 　　c. thus 　　d. although
　　
　　14. a. are 　　b. was 　　c. were 　　d. is
　　
　　15. a. only　　 b. every 　　c. some 　　d. all
　　
　　16. a. comic 　　b. boring　　 c. solemn 　　d. tiring
　　
　　17. a. would 　　b. should　　 c. might 　　d. could
　　
　　18. a.in 　　b.at 　　c.on 　　d.around
　　
　　19. a. sticks　　 b. messages 　　c. reviews 　　d. rules
　　
　　20. a. less 　　b. more 　　c. least 　　d. most
　　
　　Section II Reading Comprehension
　　
　　Part A
　　
　　Directions:
　　
　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. Mark your answers on answer sheet 1.（40 points）
　　
　　Text 1
　　
　　The story that traces life from sea to land then into the multiple niches that exist there for a great variety of living things is a fascinating one, but far too detailed for our purposes. One key point for us in that story is the emergence of the biological class of animals that are called mammals. Mammals have a number of features that distinguish them from the reptiles from which they developed. They are warm blooded; that is, they have a system of temperature control that keeps the body at a constant temperature. Mammals have a set of teeth of different shapes that serve different functions such as cutting, gouging, and grinding. Young mammals spend their earliest days of development shielded within the mother's body and are then born alive, rather than hatching from eggs. In addition, after birth they are nourished by milk provided by the mother's mammary glands. The enforced association between mother and infant provides an opportunity for learning that does not exist for those kinds of creatures that are hatched from eggs long after their parents have departed from the scene. Young mammals play something that amphibians and reptiles never do which provides additional learning opportunities.
　　
　　The foregoing list leaves little doubt that we are mammals. There are, of course, a great many kinds of mammals, most of which developed after the great extinction of dinosaurs and other reptiles about 65 million years ago that opened opportunities for the few small mammals that were already in existence. One of the groups of mammals that resulted was a biological order called primates which includes monkeys, apes, humans, and some smaller creatures familiar only to ardent zoogoers. Primates share a number of behavioral features that have played important roles in their evolutionary development. Most primates are arboreal; that is, they spend their lives in and among trees. Their tree-climbing and tree-dwelling habits impose needs that are reflected in primate anatomy. Although diet varies from species to species, many primates are largely vegetarian. But they can eat and digest meat, and some species vary their diets of leaves, shoots, and fruits by eating insects, birds' eggs, and even small animals. Primates are hand-feeders, depending on their hands both to collect food and to get it into their mouths. Perhaps the most important feature of their behavior is that primates are social animals. Their genetics, habits, and even their survival are geared to living in groups. Although human beings have come to have a way of life very different from that of typical primates, the basic primate adaptation provided prehuman with capabilities that allowed them to become culture-builders.
　　
　　The anatomical features that separate primates from other kinds of animals relate clearly to the way primates behave.
　　
　　21.Where do you think is the passage from?
　　
　　a. newspaper.　　 b. gazette. 　　c. journal. 　　d. science magazine.
　　
　　22.Which of the following is not the features of mammals that distinguish them from the reptiles?
　　
　　a.they're warm-blooded.
　　
　　b.they have a set of teeth of different shapes.
　　
　　c.the first period of development of young mammals is within their mother's body.
　　
　　d.there's some association between mother and infant.
　　
　　23.Which can be inferred from the passage?
　　
　　a.mammals developed from the reptiles.
　　
　　b.the animals that are hatched from eggs have no opportunity for learning.
　　
　　c.mammals developed at the cost of the extinction of reptiles.
　　
　　d.not all the primates are mammals.
　　
　　24.Primates are social animals because.
　　
　　a.they are hand-feeders 　　b.of their anatomical features
　　
　　c.they are arboreal 　　　　d.they depend on each other
　　
　　25.What leads to the features of the primate anatomy?
　　
　　a.their tree-climbing and tree-dwelling life.
　　
　　b.their diet.
　　
　　c.the way they behave.
　　
　　d.the social emphasis in their life.
　　
　　text 2
　　
　　The study of social science is more than the study of the individual social sciences. Although it is true that to be a good social scientist you must know each of those components, you must also know how they interrelate. By specializing too early, many social scientists can lose sight of the interrelationships that are so essential to understanding modern problems. That's why it is necessary to have a course covering all the social sciences. In fact, it would not surprise me if one day a news story such as the one above should appear.
　　
　　The preceding passage placed you in the future. To understand how and when social science broke up, you must go into the past. Imagine for a moment that you're a student in 1062, in the Italian city of Bologna, site of one of the first major universities in the western world. The university has no buildings. It consists merely of a few professors and students. There is no tuition fee. At the end of a professor's lecture, if you like it, you pay. And if you don't like it, the professor finds himself without students and without money. If we go back still earlier, say to Greece in the sixth century B. C., we can see the philosopher Socrates walking around the streets of Athens, arguing with his companions. He asks them questions, and then other questions, leading these people to reason the way he wants them to reason（this became known as the Socratic method）.
　　
　　Times have changed since then; universities sprang up throughout the world and created colleges within the universities. Oxford, one of the first universities, now has thirty colleges associated with it, and the development and formalization of educational institutions has changed the roles of both students and faculty. As knowledge accumulated, it became more and more difficult for one person to learn, let alone retain, it all. In the sixteenth century one could still aspire to know all there was to know, and the definition of the renaissance man（people were even more sexist then than they are now）was of one who was expected to know about everything.
　　
　　Unfortunately, at least for someone who wants to know everything, the amount of information continues to grow exponentially while the size of the brain has grown only slightly. The way to deal with the problem is not to try to know everything about everything. Today we must specialize. That is why social science separated from the natural sciences and why it, in turn, has been broken down into various subfields, such as anthropology and sociology.
　　
　　26.What is the main idea of this text?
　　
　　a.social science is unified.
　　
　　b.social science is a newborn science.
　　
　　c.what is social science.
　　
　　d.specialization in social science is not good.
　　
　　27.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
　　
　　a.Socrates can be regarded as the first social scientist in the western world.
　　
　　b.the universities in Italy have no buildings.
　　
　　c.Socrates created the"Socratic method".
　　
　　d.Greece is not as civilized as Italy.
　　
　　28.Why does the author say"people were even more sexist then than they are now"?
　　
　　a.because they are so covetous that they want to know all there was to know.
　　
　　b.because it is the Renaissance"man", not Renaissance"woman"or"human".
　　
　　c.because no woman was formally educated at that time.
　　
　　d.because all renaissance men were men.
　　
　　29.What does the underlined word "exponentially" mean in the first sentence of the last paragraph?
　　
　　a. promisingly 　　b. continuously　　 c. drastically　　 d. raidly
　　
　　30.We can infer from the text that .
　　
　　a.social science is a united science, and cannot be divided into subfields
　　
　　b.social science may be further divided into smaller parts as the amount of knowledge and information expanding
　　
　　c.there may be a renaissance man in the future
　　
　　d.the best way to deal with the expansion of information is to know everything
　　
　　text 3
　　
　　To what extent are the unemployed failing in their duty to society to work, and how far has the state an obligation to ensure that they have work to do?
　　
　　It is by now increasingly recognized that workers may be thrown out of work by industrial forces beyond their control, and that the unemployed are in some sense paying the price of the economic progress of the rest of the community. But concern with unemployment and the unemployed varies sharply. The issues of duty and responsibility were reopened and revitalized by the unemployment scare of 1971-2. Rising unemployment and increased sums paid out in benefits to the workless had reawakened controversies which had been inactive during most of the period of fuller employment since the war ended the depression. It looked as though in future there would again be too little work to go round, so there were arguments about how to produce more work, how the available work should be shared out, and who was responsible for unemployment and the unemployed.
　　
　　In 1972 there were critics who said that the state's action in allowing unemployment to rise was a faithless act, a breaking of the social contract between society and the worker. Yet in the main any contribution by employers to unemployment such as laying off workers in order to introduce technological changes and maximize profits-tended to be ignored. And it was the unemployed who were accused of failing to honour the social contract, by not fulfilling their duty to society to work. In spite of general concern at the scale to the unemployment statistics, when the unemployed were considered as individuals, they tended to attract scorn and threats of punishment. Their capacities and motivation as workers and their value as members of society became suspect. Of all the myths of the welfare state, stories of the work-shy and borrowers have been the least well-founded on evidence, yet they have proved the most persistent. The unemployed were accused of being responsible for their own workless condition, and doubts were expressed about the state's obligation either to provide them with the security of work or to support them through social security.
　　
　　Underlying the arguments about unemployment and the unemployed is a basic disagreement about the nature and meaning of work in society. To what extent can or should work be regarded as a service, not only performed by the worker for society but also made secure for the worker by the state, and supported if necessary? And apart from cash are there social pressures and satisfactions which cause individuals to seek and keep work, so that the workless need work rather than just cash?
　　
　　31.It is the author's belief that.
　　
　　a.unemployment must lead to inevitable depression of national economy
　　
　　b.the unemployed are the victims of economical and social development
　　
　　c.unemployment should be kept under the control of industrial forces
　　
　　d.the unemployed are not entitled to share the benefits from technological progress
　　
　　32.What the author proposes to examine is.
　　
　　a.how far the unemployed are to blame for their failure in working and how far it is the state's fault
　　
　　b.to what extent the state should insist on the unemployed working if they fail to do so
　　
　　c.whether being at work is a social duty which the state should ensure everybody carries out
　　
　　d.whether work should be obligatory, and if so, whether the state or the individual is responsible for enforced obligation
　　
　　33.The effect of the 1971-2 unemployment scare was to.
　　
　　a.make people think for the first time about the problem of the availability of work
　　
　　b.make concern for unemployment and the unemployed vary
　　
　　c.make the subject of unemployment controversial again
　　
　　d.show that there would in future be too little work to go round
　　
　　34.According to the author, in the 1971-2 crisis.
　　
　　a.the state and the employers were equally to blame for allowing unemployment to rise
　　
　　b.the unemployed did not fulfill their social duty to find jobs
　　
　　c.the role played by the employers in creating unemployment was not recognized
　　
　　d.the state was guilty of breaking the social contract by letting unemployment increase
　　
　　35.The basic disagreement about the nature and meaning of work in society rests on the problem of whether or not.
　　
　　a.the unemployed ought to be supported by society as a whole
　　
　　b.the state should recognize that people work for more than just money
　　
　　c.it is a service to provide people with work rather than cash
　　
　　d.the state's duty to provide work is as great as the individual's duty to work
　　
　　text 4
　　
　　Successful business tend to continue implementing the ideas that made them successful. But in a rapidly changing world, ideas often become obsolete overnight. What worked in the past won't necessarily work in the future. In order to thrive in the future, you must constantly create new ideas for every aspect of your business. In fact, you must continually generate new ideas just to keep your head above water. Businesses that aren't creative about their future may not survive.
　　
　　Although Bill Gates is the richest, most successful man on the planet, he did not anticipate the Internet. Now he's scrambling to catch up. If Bill Gates can miss a major aspect of his industry, it can happen to you in your industry. Your business needs to continually innovate and create its future. Gates is now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft. Here's what he said in a recent interview in U.S. news world report: "Will we be replaced tomorrow? No. In a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company. But when you look to the two-to-three-year time frame, I don't think anyone can say with a straight face that any technology company has a guaranteed position. Not Intel, not Microsoft, not Compaq, not Dell, take any of your favorites. And that's totally honest."
　　
　　You may remember that in 1985 the cabbage patch kids dolls were the best selling toy on the market. But after Coleco industries introduced their sensational line of dolls they became complacent and didn't create any new toys worth mentioning. As a result, Coleco went bankrupt in 1988.
　　
　　The most successful businesses survive in the long term because they constantly reassess their situations and reinvest themselves accordingly. The 3M company has a 15 % rule: employees are encouraged to spend 15% of their time developing new ideas on any project they desire. It's no surprise, then, that 3M has been around since 1902.
　　
　　Most businesses are not willing to tear apart last year's model of success and build a new one. Here's a familiar analogy to explain why they are lulled into complacency, imagine that your business is like a pot of lobsters. To cook lobsters, you put them into a pot of warm water and gradually turn up the heat. The lobsters don't realize they're being cooked because the process is so gradual. As a result, they become complacent and die without a struggle. However, if you throw a lobster into the pot when the water is boiling, it will desperately try to escape. This lobster is not lulled by a slowly changing environment. It realizes instantly that it's ill a bad environment and takes immediate action to change its status.
　　
　　36.Judging from the context, "to keep your head above water"（paragraph 1） probably means.
　　
　　a.to be drown
　　
　　b.to keep out of financial difficulty
　　
　　c.to keep away from danger
　　
　　d.to protect you from water
　　
　　37.Why is gates now constantly worried about the future of Microsoft?
　　
　　a.because he is the richest, most successful man on the planet.
　　
　　b.because his company will be replaced tomorrow.
　　
　　c.because in a very short time frame, Microsoft is an incredibly strong company.
　　
　　d.because he doesn't think that any technology company has a guaranteed position.
　　
　　38.Coleco industries' case suggests that.
　　
　　a.the cabbage patch kids dolls were the best-selling toy on the market
　　
　　b.the cabbage patch kids dolls are sensational line of dolls
　　
　　c.complacency and lack of creation will ultimately ruin a business
　　
　　d.the most successful businesses survive in the long term
　　
　　39.According to this passage, the 3M company's success lies in its.
　　
　　a.constant reassessment of their situations
　　
　　b.reinvention
　　
　　c.15% rule
　　
　　d.being around since 1902
　　
　　40.By using the analogy of "throwing a lobster into a pot", the author tries to imply that.
　　
　　a.some managers are really foolish people
　　
　　b.it's cruel to cook lobsters
　　
　　c.people are tend to become complacent
　　
　　d.bad environment calls for immediate action
　　
　　Part B
　　
　　Directions:
　　
　　In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list a—g to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.
　　
　　Enlightenment is man's leaving his self-caused immaturity. Immaturity is the incapacity to use one's intelligence without the guidance of another.
　　
　　Such immaturity is self-caused if it is not caused by lack of intelligence, but by lack of determination and courage to use one's intelligence without being guided by another. Have the courage to use your own intelligence! Is therefore the motto of the enlightenment.
　　
　　Through laziness and cowardice a large part of mankind, even after nature has freed them from alien guidance, gladly remain immature. It is because of laziness and cowardice that it is so easy for others to usurp the role of guardians. It is so comfortable to be a minor! 41）___________________________________. The guardians who have kindly undertaken the supervision will see to it that by far the largest part of mankind, including the entire beautiful sex, should consider the step into maturity, not only as difficult but as very dangerous.
　　
　　After having made their domestic animals dumb and having carefully prevented these quiet creatures from daring to take any step beyond the lead-strings to which they have fastened them, these guardians then show them the danger which threatens them, should they attempt to walk alone. Now this danger is not really so very great; for they would presumably learn to walk after some stumbling. 42）______________________.
　　
　　It is difficult for the isolated individual to work himself out of the immaturity which has become almost natural for him. He has even become fond of it and for the time being is incapable of employing his own intelligence, because he has never been allowed to make the attempt. Statues and formulas, these mechanical tools of a serviceable use, or rather misuse, of his natural faculties, are the ankle-chains of a continuous immaturity. Whoever threw it off would make an uncertain jump over the smallest trench because he is not accustomed to such free movement. 43）__________________________________.
　　
　　44）_______________________________________. For there will always be some people who think for themselves, even among the self-appointed guardians of the great mass who, after having thrown off the yoke of immaturity themselves, will spread about them the spirit of a reasonable estimate of their own value and of the need for every man to think for himself……
　　
　　45）_____________________________________________. Through revolution, the abandonment of personal despotism may be engendered and the end of profit-seeking and domineering oppression may occur, but never a true reform of the state of mind. Instead, new prejudices, just like the old ones, will serve as the guiding reins of the great, unthinking mass.
　　
　　[a]a public can only arrive at enlightenment slowly.
　　
　　but it is more nearly possible for a public to enlighten itself: this is even inescapable if only the public is given its freedom.
　　
　　[c]if I have a book which provides meaning for me, a pastor who has conscience for me, a doctor who will judge my diet for me and so on, then I do not need to exert myself. I do not have any need to think; if I can pay, others will take over the tedious job for me.
　　
　　[d]all that is required for this enlightenment is freedom; and particularly the least harmful of that may be called freedom, namely, the freedom for man to make public use of his reason in all matters.
　　
　　[e]however, an example of this kind intimidates and frightens people out of all further attempts.
　　
　　[f]much still prevents men from being placed in a position to use their own minds securely and well in matters of religion.
　　
　　[g]therefore there are only a few who have pursued a firm path and have succeeded in escaping from immaturity by their own cultivation of the mind.
　　
　　Part C
　　
　　Directions:
　　
　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. your translation should be written clearly on answer sheet 2. （10 points）
　　
　　There can be no doubt that the computer revolution has touched virtually every person in the country in some way or other.
　　
　　Nor can there be any doubt that it has brought tremendous improvements in productivity and efficiency. 46） Indeed, there are many tasks undertaken by computers that could not be done without them, and we have reached the point that the benefits of computerization are taken lot granted. Having accepted that computers are here to stay, what is the downside? 47） The most obvious answer is that because of increased efficiency, less people are needed and the loss of jobs, particularly in the service industries, has been enormous, with more job losses yet to come.
　　
　　However, on a more insidious note, many users have not realized how computers have introduced vulnerability to their business. If computers are soon a boon, how do we cope when something goes wrong?
　　
　　Computers have many uses, varying from pure accounting or back-office systems to stock or production control, or computer-aided design or manufacturing. 48）In many instances, manual systems can quickly be introduced to ensure some continuity of the business; but in many cases if the computer is down, so is the business.
　　
　　The most probable causes of interruption in the past have been accidental damage or breakdown, and these can usually be dealt with expeditiously. However, in recent times the exposure causing most concern to insurers have been theft.
　　
　　49） Initially the problem was the theft of PCs, and because most of these were based in offices which had not been targeted by thieves in the past, and thus had relatively poor security, losses mounted very quickly. It was common practice for a thief to make a fresh visit once the equipment had been replaced, as the new equipment would be more attractive due to rapid technological advances. The equipment would usually be covered by insurance, but problems could be experienced if there were no back-ups of date and/or programmes.
　　
　　The initial reaction by insurers was to step up requests for security improvements, including alarms and devices such as lock-down plates or cables.50）However, the criminal fraternity quickly came to realize that the real value in the computers is in the chip which is remarkably portable and unidentifiable, so even when caught the police have trouble proving the theft. this led to even greater demands for security, including encapsulation and computer safes.
　　Section Ⅲ Writing
　　Part A
　　51. Directions:
　　The walkman you bought a month before is broken down. Write to the manufacturer's service department. The letter should include:
　　1）the problem of the walkman
　　2）ask for warranty
　　3）remind them of the enclosure （s）
　　You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "John Smith" instead. You do not need to write the addess. （10 points）
　　Part B
　　52.Directions:
　　（1）Title: Competition and Cooperation
　　（2）Word limit: about 200 words
　　（3）Your composition should be based on the Outlines below.
　　Outlines:
　　（1）The phenomenon of competition and cooperation
　　（2）The function of competition and cooperation
　　（3）Man can develop continuously with competition and cooperation
　　SectionⅠUse of English
　　1. A.从后半分句have以及句子的意思或下一个句子可以看出这里应选ever.
　　2. C. in the history of dance在舞蹈的历史里。
　　3. B. go back to追溯，这句话的意思是“舞蹈要追溯到文明起源时”。
　　4. D.承接前文，相当于go back to the tribe.
　　5. D. what they wanted他们想要得到的东西。
　　6. B.这里above = out of.
　　7. B.根据后文的“crucial process”可知Natives approached dance with great seriousness.
　　8. C. of在这里表修饰关系。
　　9. A.从语法功能来看这里需要一个副词，所以选most.
　　10. A. cause rain to fall使降雨。
　　11. C. to和上文的语法结构对应。
　　12. B.继续讲述原始舞蹈“primitive dance”。
　　13. D.此分句和后半句有转折关系，因此选Although.
　　14. C.根据本文的时态及主语dances选were.
　　15. B.根据后接的part of the body可排除some， all，前面的much可确定选every.
　　16. C.根据下文意思，一旦出错将被处死可推断当时的舞蹈被看得如此神圣，solemn非常神圣，严肃的。
　　17. B.虚拟语气，根据后半分句的时态，可推断用should.
　　18. C. on the spot“当场”。例如：They caught the thief on the spot.他们当场抓住了那个小偷。
　　19. D.一旦出错，后果不堪设想，可谓是严厉的规则rigid rules.
　　20. B.今日的discotheque（disco）可以说成more relaxed setting.
　　SectionⅡReading Comprehension
　　Part A
　　Text 1
　　词语注释
　　niche n.适当的地方；位置reptile n.爬虫类
　　foregoing adj.前进的arboreal adj.栖于树木的
　　vegetarian adj.素食的mammary adj.乳房的
　　extinction n.灭绝mammal n.哺乳类
　　amphibian n.两栖动物primates n.灵长目动物
　　antomy n.身体结构；构造adaptation n.适应；改装；顺应
　　dinosaur n.恐龙gland n.腺
　　文章概要
　　Para.1哺乳动物的特点及生活习惯。
　　Para.2-3灵长目动物的特点及生活习惯。
　　答案点评
　　21.D从全文内容来看，文章主要讲述了哺乳类及灵长目动物的特点及生活习惯等，属于科普类文章，所以最有可能刊登在科学杂志上。
　　22.DA、B、C三项在文章第一段有明显对应的句子，至于D，文中原句是“The enforced association between mother and infant provides an opportunity for learning that does not exist for those kinds of creatures that are hatched from eggs long after their parents have departed from the scene.”选项与原文意思有出入。
　　23.A根据第一段第三句“Mammals have a number of features that distinguish them from the reptiles from which they developed.”可判断，A正确。
　　24.DA、B、C显然不合题意，从第二段倒数第二句“Their genetics， habits， and even their survival are geared to living in groups.”来看，灵长目动物为了生存，必须选择群居生活，它们彼此相互依赖。
　　25.CA、B、D或不合题意或不够全面。从最后一段“The anatomical features that separate primates from other kinds of animals relate clearly to the way primates behave.”可知C为最佳答案。
　　Text 2
　　词语注释
　　component n.成分；部分preceding a.在先的；优先的
　　aspire v.渴望；追求；有志于subfield n.子域；副学科
　　interrelate v.（使）相互关联formalization n.定形；形式化
　　sexist n.男性至上主义者；性别歧视者exponential n.指数
　　文章概要
　　Para.1说明有一个学科覆盖所有社会科学的原因。
　　Para.2-3阐述了社会科学分裂的时间和过程。
　　Para.4人类的大脑是赶不上知识爆炸的速度的，所以社会科学的分类会越来越快。
　　答案点评
　　26.A文章第一句即为题旨所在：“The study of social science is more than the study of the individual social sciences.”
　　27.C“Socratic method”以苏格拉底的名字命名，并且为他所第一个使用。他是“Socratic method”无可争议的创始人。
　　28.B这个答案可能有些出乎意料，但这是有据可依的。西方女奴主义兴起之时，类似这种名词都受到过挑战。最为大家熟知的，就是“Ms.”这一称谓的诞生。且从作者在括号中说到这句话，可看出这句话与文意本无甚大关系。
　　29.D“exponentially”的本意是“指数地”。大家都知道“呈指数倍增长”是指极快速的增长，这里的“exponentially”也就是“rapidly快速地”的意思。
　　30.B人的精力是有限的，随着知识与信息的爆炸，社会科学的分科必然会越来越细，越来越专。A认为“Social science cannot be divided into subfields”，事实恰恰相反。笔者个人认为未来实在不可能出现“Renaissance Man”了。知识爆炸的速度远非人脑力可及。
　　Text 3
　　词语注释
　　controversy n.争吵statistics n.统计
　　accuse of指责、控诉available a.可用的，可得到的，可达到的
　　文章概要
　　Para.1究竟是失业者未能履行为社会服务的义务，还是国家没有尽到使他们有工作做的职责呢？
　　Para.2人们普遍认为人的力量不及工业力量是失业的主要原因，在某种程度上来说，失业者为社会剩余的经济进步付出代价。
　　Para.3造成失业原因之一是失业者自己要负责，之二是政府也要为此承担责任。
　　Para.4关于失业者和失业人数的争论主要基于社会工作的本质和意义的不统一。
　　答案点评
　　31.BB项与第2段第1句意思相符，其中victims of…（……的受害者）相当于该句的paying the price of （为……付出代价）。其余三项皆非作者之意。
　　32.AA项与起始句的内容一致，此问句点出了本文的主题。
　　33.C此题出自第2段第3句，句中revitalize意为“使恢复活力”；unemployment scare是“失业大恐慌”。C项“使失业问题再起争论”符合该句中reopened and revitalized及下句中的reawakened controversies （重新引起争论），故C为正确答案。
　　34.C第3段第2句说雇主对失业的促成作用……往往被忽视（句中in the main意为“基本上；大体上”）。C项恰合此意，为正确答案。A项，文中无此说法。B项是对失业者的不正当指责。D项是一些critics （批评家）的说法，而非作者的意见。
　　35.D此文末段第2句中not only performed by the worker for society but also made secure for the worker by the State“工作不仅是工人对社会应尽的义务，而且国家应保证工人能够工作着”，表明D项说法正确。A、B两项文中未提。C项只是论据之一。
　　Text 4
　　词语注释
　　anticipate v.预期、期望reinvest v.再投资于
　　lobster n.龙虾bankrupt n.破产
　　analogy n.类似，相似desperately adv.危急地，绝望地
　　文章概要
　　Para.1创新对于成功商人延续其成功至关重要。
　　Para.2以比尔盖茨为例，说明创新意识的重要性。
　　Para.3以Coleco公司为例，说明因循守旧的危害。
　　Para.4 3M公司的成功就在于它的创新意识。
　　Para.5文中用虾来喻人，告诫人们悠哉游哉的日子容易使人意识混沌和麻木，看不到潜在的危机，倒不如处在一个艰难的环境中，立即采取行动改变现状。
　　答案点评
　　36.B英语成语to keep one's head above water意为“使自己免遭灭顶之灾”，结合本文的的意境为“免于负债”之意，即to keep out of financial difficulty.
　　37.D见原文第三段最后两句，“I don't think anyone can say with a straight face that any technology company has a guaranteed position. Not Intel, not Microsoft, not Compaq, not Dell, take any of your favorites. And that's totally honest.”盖茨认为任何一个技术公司，包括英特尔、康柏、戴尔都在努力维持和确保自身的地位。而微软的市场地位将来势必受到威胁和冲击。
　　38.C见原文第四段：“they became complacent and didn't create any new toys worth mentioning. As a result, Coleco went bankrupt in 1998.”作者以Coleco公司为例，指出“故步自封和因循守旧必将使一个企业走向毁灭”。
　　39.C见原文第五段：The 3M company has a 15% rule: Employees are encouraged to spend 15% of their time developing new ideas on any project they desire.作者认为3M公司的成功在于它的“15%原则”，即“创新意识”。
　　40.D见原文末句：It realizes instantly that it's in a bad environment and takes immediate action to change its status.
　　Part B
　　答案解析
　　41.C上文提到，因为懒惰与懦弱，人们甘愿不成熟，被保护。C项正是对此展开的论述，举出一些例子指出其具体表现。
　　42.E上文提到，事实上这种危险并不那么可怕，因为在跌倒几次后他们很可能就学会了走路。而E项顺承此意说道，但是这种失败的例子使人们望而生畏，不敢做进一步尝试。“这种挫败的例子”指的就是上文的跌倒。
　　43.G这一段讲的是isolated individual即孤立的个人脱离不成熟状态的困难性。G项是对本段做的结论，即只有少数几个人能成功逃离不成熟状态。a few与individual相照应。
　　44.B由下文的For可知，下文是对空白处的解释。下文说总会有一些独立思考的人在自己摆脱了不成熟状态后会向周围传播一种精神。由此可判断公众的启蒙是相对容易的。
　　45.A下文提到革命不能带来思想状态的真正革新，新的偏见还会产生。于是可判断本段首句的内容应是公众的启蒙只能是缓慢的。
　　文章大意：本文选自康德的《什么是启蒙》，本文指出了启蒙的含义，必要性、方法等等。康德主张每一个人运用自己的理性对一切问题进行公开的、自由的探究。
　　Part C
　　参考译文
　　46.确实许多任务都是由电脑完成的，如果没有电脑，这些任务是无法完成的。我们现在已达到电脑化的程度，因而人们认为电脑化必定会带来好处。
　　47.最明显的答案是：由于（使用电脑）效率提高，所需要的人已减少，失业人数、特别是服务行业失业的人数将会大幅度的提高，并且以后还会有更多的人失业。
　　48.在许多情况下，能迅速引进手工操作系统，以保证商业的某种连续性。但在许多情况下，如果电脑失灵，商业也就随之陷入瘫痪状态。
　　49.最初，问题是偷盗个人电脑，由于大部分电脑是安装在办公室里，而过去盗贼没有把办公室当做偷盗目标，因此相对来说那里的安全防范措施稍差，导致损失迅速增大。
　　50.但是罪犯们很快意识到电脑的真正价值在于芯片（集成电路板），芯片非常易于随身携带，而且不易分辨，所以甚至在（贼）被抓住后，警察也难以证明这是偷来的。
　　Section Ⅲ Writing
　　参考作文
　　51.
　　Sir,
　　I'm writing to you for the walkman I bought from your corporation a month ago. There's something wrong with it. It can't work. The electric power is on, but the wheel doesn't move. It is not supposed to be broken down in such a short time after it was bought.
　　Since the walkman is only bought for a month, the half a year warranty is still available. So I post the walkman to you in the hope of getting it repaired.
　　Enclosed is the invoice and the warranty. There is also a name card with my telephone number and address on. If any questions, contact me please. Thank you.

　　 Sincerely yours, John Smith

　　 May 9th, 2004

　　52.
　　Competition and Cooperation
　　Competition is a common phenomenon in our social life. You can find it everywhere. At the same time you can also see cooperation here and there.
　　Competition is one of the motives of the constant development of the mankind. The pressure of competition can force a man to try his best and then he could do things better and better. On the contrary if one has no opponent, he will begin to be lazy and lose the energy of working hard to make progress. So the mankind couldn't develop without competition. But there are many difficulties in the long way of development. In some cases a man is very hard to conquer those difficulties. So pure and exclusive competition leads to failure. It will be much easier to solve them if many people get together. The importance of cooperation just lies on it. If we ignore the needs of cooperation and just do things separately, we also would not be able to obtain our goals.
　　Competition and cooperation are both necessary to the mankind. Competition will make us be always active to create. Cooperation gives us the possibility of conquering the great troubles. Only competition together with cooperation can help us to become better all the time