短对话
一、But 题型
形式:A:......
B:......,but .......
重点:听第二个说话人B说话,but 后面所说的话为重点,出题点往往在but后面。四级听力题中,But 后面的为重点的占95%,之前的为重点的占5%。
e.g. (这题是反例,考的居然是but之前的内容,不过这种情况很少出现的)
A: I suppose you've bought some gifts for your family.
B: Well, I've bought a shirt for my father and two books for my sister. But I've not decided what to buy for my mother. Probably some jewels.
Question: Who did the man buy the book for?
Answer: His sister.二、场景题
(1)每一类场景,常考出题思路--用于解题
(2)线索词
▲场景题选项特点:
(1)介词结构in/at somewhere
(2)To do开头的(问的是purpose目的)
(3)Doing....../ They're doing....../They're ...ing.
(4)A and B(人之间的关系relationship) e.g. Students and teacher.
▲场景题提问方式:
(1)what (过去,现在,将来)
(2)Where is the conversation taking place? / Where does the conversation take place?
(3)When is the conversation taking place?
(4)Who-->where (location) 问人是谁,可以从他所在的地方来判断。 ▲各类场景(把各类场景容易出现的词给记住,选选项时往常考思路上靠) 1. 抱怨的作业:
(1)paper
a)论文
b)newspaper 报纸
c)document 文件
d)纸张
写论文的步骤:
a)choose a topic 选题
area: The area is too board for me. 题目的范围太广了
narrow the topic down 把题目范围缩小
b)do some research 做调查 (去图书馆library 做调查)
c)type it out 打印
typewriter 打字机,computer, lap top 手提电脑, printer 打印机, laser printer 激光打印机, ribbon 色带
(2)presentation 口头演讲--oral form = speech = report = address
a)时间性 20分钟,一般演讲18-19分钟,留下几分钟时间别人发问
b)正式着装--formal clothes
change(穿的衣服不合适就要换)
You can't go like that. You need a change. 你这样穿不行,要换一套衣服。
c)内心感受--nervous (演讲前心里很害怕)
(3)Reading assignment / list 阅读作业/清单
Do you think the reading list is enormous? 你觉不觉要读的书太多了?
(4)Research
Financial Aid 经济资助
a)Tuition wavier 学费减免
b)RA--Researching Assistant 助研
TA--Teaching Assistant 助教
Fellowship 奖学金 2. 餐厅
(1)cafeteria 学校饭堂:meal card/ticket 饭卡/饭票,helping 一人份
(2)restaurant: fancy 高档的, menu 菜谱, order, manager 经理, waiter
book/reserve 预订 ,make a reservation 预定
上菜顺序:soup汤--> main course主菜--> salad 沙拉(chef salad招牌沙拉)--> dessert甜点 (pudding布丁, cheese , fruit)
赞美人家做菜好吃:
(1)Even my mother's can't match this.
即使我妈妈做的也比不上这个好吃。
(2)I took the last one and it was out of the world.
(太好吃了以至于)我把最后一块也吃掉了。
(3)You wouldn't have to force me to help another one.
你不用叫我吃,我自己也会拿来吃的。 3. 罚款 fine
校内:library 里面,书过期
校外:break the traffic rules 违反交通规则,go speeding 超速
各种费用:
fare 交通费(车费,船费),
fee 杂费,
tuition 学费,
tuition and fee 学杂费,
rent 房租,
utilities 水电费,
rate 按比例收取的费用,
post rate=postage 邮资 4. 机场
常考思路:
(1)票已售完
(2)接人(飞机)晚点
(3)送人伤感 see somebody off
常见线索词:
airplane, flight 航班,
direct flight 直航,
transfer 转机,
seat-belt=safety belt 安全带,
first class 头等舱,
economy class 经济舱,
take off 起飞,
land 降落,
circle 盘旋
wing: a.建筑物的附属楼 b.飞机的翅膀 c.鸡翅
terminal: a.终端(机房里面 Should I use this terminal?)
b. =final station 公交站最后一站
c.候机大厅
domestic terminal 国内候机大厅,
international terminal 国际候机大厅 5. 交通
常考思路:
(1)交通堵塞 traffic jam
back up: a. 作业堆积如山 b. 车辆很多 c. back somebody up 支持某人
(2)交通违章-->fine 罚款
break the traffic rule 违反交通规则, go speeding 超速
(3)晚点 behind schedule 6. 打电话
常考思路:
(1)约人约不到
(2)约会去不了
sth comes up/ I'd like to reschedule/ Could you fit me in (the doctor's schedule)?
(3)电话打不通(包括打错电话)
线索词:
run out of coins(在公共电话亭里)没钱了,
cut off 被迫断线,
hang up 主动挂断电话,
receiver 听筒,
slot 电话上的小投币口,
yellow pages 黄页,
dial 拨电话,
hook(以前旧式电话上面的)钩,
operator 接线员
打电话步骤:
Look up the number in the yellow pages. 在黄页里查找电话。
Drop the coins in the slot. 把硬币投入投币口。
Then dial the number you want it. 然后拨打你所需要的电话。7. 医院
常考思路:
(1)医生难找
(2)病情如何(getting better/worse)
(3)有病耽误课 miss the class
线索词:
treat 治疗(表过程),
cure 治疗,治愈(表结果)
infirmary / students' help center 学校的医院,
clinic 诊所,
hospital, ward 病房,
prescribe 开药方,
prescription 处方
Send him to Ward Three. 把他送去3号病房。
Send him toward three. 把他送到东方去。(因为时钟三点指向东(上北下南左西右东) )
fill the prescription 按方抓药,
refill the prescription 继续按方抓药,
cough 咳嗽, fever , influenza(flu) 流感8. 缺课
缺课原因:
(1)get ill 由于生病而缺课
(2)oversleep 睡过头了
(3)traffic jam 交通堵塞
(4)(car)break down 车抛锚9. 买东西
(1) supermarket 超级市场:
supplies 生活用品,price tag 价格签,special offer/ on sale 打折,cart 手推车,vender 售货员,cashier 收银员
(2) department store 百货商店:
appliance 家用电器,
costume 服装,
floor 层,
men's 男装区,
sport's goods 体育用品,
for sale 热卖中,待售中,
discount打折,折头,
70% off 三折,
produce 农产品,
product 工业产品,
production 产品(总称)10. 修理东西
TV, refrigerator(fridge) 冰箱,
oven 电烤炉11. 关于工作
常考思路:
(1) 找到工作高兴
(2) 失去工作伤心 a.被解雇 b.离开旧工作
(3) 拒绝工作令人感到奇怪
线索词:
找工作的过程:
(1) 信息来源
a. classified ads 分类广告
help and wanted section 供求关系栏
b. bulletin board 公告栏
c. flyer传单
(2) make a phone call
Is the position still available? 工作职位还仍然空缺吗?
(3) resume 个人简历
certification 学历证, ID 身份证,qualification 资历,
recommendation letter 推荐信
fill out= fill in = fill up 填表格
(4) interview 面试12. 人性的缺点
(1)健忘 forgetful, absent-minded, slip one's mind
He's forgetful. / Isn't he forgetful? / How forgetful he is!
(2)害羞 shy 害羞, embarrassed 尴尬, self-conscious 自信,
keep one's mind/ thought to oneself=keep to onself13. 租房子
常考思路
(1)房难找
(2)房太贵
(3)房太嘈
线索词
for rent 房子出租,
house , living-room 厅,
rest-room 厕所14. 理发
线索词
cut 大剪,
trim 小修剪,
bang 男生刘海,
parting 分头(I want parting to the left.我想要左分头。)
plait 辫子,
fringe 女生刘海,
pigtail 麻花辫,
ponytail 马尾辫,
ripple 波浪卷发三、重复反问题型形式:A:......
B:......(形容词,重复A部分的话),.......
Q:......
直接把B所说的形容词加深程度的选项为正确选项
例1:A:It's a little bit warm out today.
B: Warm. You could fry an egg on the sidewalk.
正确选项应是强调warm的。
例2:A: Mary sees happy with her grades.
B:Happy. She could hardly contain herself.她简直乐翻了。
正确选项应该是强调happy的。四、态度方向题 Yes/ No?
A:讲述一个idea/opinion(一般疑问句)
B:Yes/No,......(阐述理由)
选项特点: 有两个两两相反的选项(另外提醒一下,在听力题四个选项中,如果有其中两个选项说的内容刚好是相反的,那么正确答案必定为其中一个)
复习前面笔记关于表示yes, no 含义的答句。五、建议题
A:......trouble......(讲述一个trouble)
B1: Advice.
B2: Don't worry. / Calm down. / Take it easy.
B: 先安慰,后给advice.
表示建议的表达方式
You should..../ shouldn't....
You ought to....
Why not.../ why don't...?
If I were you, I would....
How about doing.../ What about doing...?
It's (about/high) time that ...(用过去时)。
在托福题中
(1) apple pie 一定好吃, pizza 一定不好吃
因为苹果批是traditional American的,
The picnic is as American as apple pie. 这是一个地道的美式野餐。
另外,apple pie virtue=traditional American virtue 表美国人乐观等好品德
(2) film 通常是不好看的,concert 通常是好的
film: waste of time/money
It has got an awful review. 影评书评说它很差很烂。
Concert: worth the price of admission
虚拟语气:
1)might have, could have, should have 本应该
2)表与现在相反If I were you, I would ...=You should....
语气词
1.表示糟糕的语气
It's too bad. / It's tough. / Oh, no. / What a pity. / Tough luck. / Uh-oh. 小麻烦
2.表示惊讶的语气
Boy. / Oh, boy. / Oh, mine. / My God. / My Goodness. / WOW! 非常惊讶
3.表示赞美的语气
Wonderful. / Terrific. / My favorite. = My fav.我的最爱。 / Cool. / Super cool. 酷呆了。/Ultra cool. 酷毙了。
4.表示肯定的语气
Yeah. = Yes. / You bet. / Uh-huh. / And... / I'll say. / You said it. / You can say that again. / And how. / Isn't it (though). / Aren't they (though).
5.表示否定的语气
nope.(升调)=no./ But. / Are you kidding? / Are you joking? / Are you serious? / No kidding. / no joking. / Who told you that? / Says who. / Says you.
Do you mind if I did ...?=Mind if I ...?
-Yes, I do mind. 我介意
-No, I don't mind at all. Go ahead please. 我不介意
not at all=no
打招呼方式:
正式: How do you do?
非正式: Hi. / How are you doing? / What's new? / What happens? / What's going on? / What's up?
道别方式:
正式:Goodbye for now. 就此别过.
See you later/ next time.
老外特点:
(1)不谦虚
(2)崇尚个人奋斗
体现在场景里面是借钱或借笔记,老外通常是不会借的
Don't look at me. 别指望我。
Do you think I was made of money? / Do you think I inherited a fortune? 你以为我继承了一笔财产啊?
(3)老外好象很有钱的原因
a)外国福利好
b)可以向银行贷款
c)由于生活习惯(如付小费不吝啬)
(4)表达思想非常直接段子题
一、文章内容
常谈论facts(伟大的人,伟大的事)
二、文章类型
1.介绍性
(1) 讲故事
(2) 说明性-->对现实生活的影响
2.讨论性 conclusion说出一个结论
3.对比性my opinion.讲述我的观点
三、解题思路
1.结构
2.行文
3.思维
(1) 题目分布(题目出题顺序一般按照顺序原则,也就是出题顺序与行文顺序相一致)
(2) 选项长短
(3) 提问角度
(4) 题目间关系
四、解题步骤
1.听之前看选项
(1) 看选项长短
(2) 找出选项中的相同词--以便确定文章的内容和范围
(3) 找数字题--年代,时间,数目,金钱(听到什么选什么)
注意:在第一部分短对话中,听到什么不选什么,一般都要通过运算才能的出正确结论。这一点与段子题刚好相反。
2.抓两头
(1) 听到结尾-->回忆结尾的一两句话
(2) 重复词(重复出现的词就是文章所讲述的重点内容),同时提示文章快要结束了
(3) As a result, so , therefore, thus均提示文章快要结束了
3.中间抓小词
(1) 要牢记以下七个小词:
first, most , because出现,99%会出考题
only, just也会出考题
but, however也会出考题
(2) 常考的逻辑关系:
并列:and
因果:because
转折:but , however
递进:the more ,the more
让步:despite, although, though
4.补救措施
如果没听清楚文章内容,就必须听清楚题目问什么,然后用common sense常识来判断正误
五、题型
1.主观态度题:讲facts,选正态度(就是说,选一个积极的,赞扬的,好的态度)
What's the speaker's attitude toward sth?
What's the speaker's impression of sth?
主观态度题常常不会考太过细致的选项(就是说,说得太精确的选项一般都是用来迷惑人的)
2.中心思想题
What's the passage mainly talking about?
What's the main idea of this passage?
What's the topic of this passage?
当这些词出现在中心思想题中时,选项常为正确:
development . evolution进化,演化(缓慢的过程), formation形成过程,effects, ......and......
3.paraphrase替换题
(1) 词组与词的替换
cancel= call off
late /delay=behind schedule
(2) 词与词的替换
a. 同义词
interesting=stimulating=fascinating=exciting
b. 反义词复合式听写(Compound Dictation)解题步骤以及注意事项:
1. 听第一遍时,只写1-7空, 听8-10空的general idea
2. 创立一套自己的符号标记,以便速记
3. 阿拉伯数字1-10写英文,较大的数字写阿拉伯数字
4. 句首字母要大写
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